The document discusses several key issues related to implementing technology in education. It covers legal issues like copyright and privacy; social issues such as the digital divide; and ethical issues including freedom of speech, privacy, and academic dishonesty. Districts create technology plans to guide implementation and teachers must be aware of these challenges. Emerging technologies may decentralize instruction and change the role of teachers in the future.

1. Teaching and Learning
with Technology
Chapter 13
Issues in
Implementing
Technology
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2. Planning and Implementing
Technology
 Due to cost/complexity, districts create
formal strategic technology plan
 Teachers need to be aware of the issues
beyond technical ones:
 Legal
 Social
 Ethical
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 2
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3. Issues in Educational Technology
Legal Ethical
 Copyright and fair  Freedom of speech
use  Privacy
 Privacy  Academic dishonesty
 Acceptable use
 Software piracy
Social
 Digital divide
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 3
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4. Legal Issues
Copyright and Fair Use
 Copyright protects interest of individual who
created intellectual property: writings,
graphics, photos, music, etc.
 Fair use guidelines determine when a teacher
can legally use copyrighted material
 TEACH Act offers similar guidelines for DE
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 4
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5. Legal Issues
Determining Fair Use
 Purpose and character of use
 Nature of copyrighted work
 Amount and sustainability of portion used
 Effect of the use on the work’s marketability
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 5
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6. Legal Issues
Using copyrighted materials
 Use only in face-to-face teaching
 If DE, follow TEACH guidelines
 Limit copying to small portions of copyrighted
work
 Avoid making unnecessary copies
 Include copyright notice and attribute work
 Limit use to single class, single year
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 6
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7. Legal Issues
Privacy
 Every child has a right to privacy
 Parents must give permission for student
information to be shared
 Ease of sharing information with technology
can lead to abuse
 Teachers must protect student privacy
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 7
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8. Legal Issues
Steps to Ensure Privacy
 Comply with your school’s policies and
procedures
 Get parental permission before putting
student work and/or pictures on a web site
 Protect children’s information: name, age,
location, etc.
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 8
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9. Legal Issues
Steps to Ensure Privacy
 Avoid storing students’ personal
information and files on unprotected
computers
 Encourage every child to store his/her
work on a removable storage device rather
than easily accessible hard drives
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 9
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10. Legal Issues
Legislation Protecting Children
 COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection
Act) addresses privacy issues
 CIPA (Children’s Internet Protection Act) went
further, established Internet policies to protect
children in libraries
 ADA (American’s with Disabilities Act) deals
with equal access and guidelines to help
technology meet all students’ needs
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 10
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11. Legal Issues
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
 Districts’ acceptable use policies define
appropriate uses of school computers
 Teachers must ensure appropriate use of
technology in their classrooms
 Teachers should be aware of and enforce
AUPs
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 11
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12. Legal Issues
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Teachers ensure acceptable use:
 Review AUPs with your students
 Ask students and parents to sign Code
of Ethics
 Monitor Internet use and use filtering
software
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 12
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13. Legal Issues
Software Piracy
 Copying or installing software on more than
one computer is normally copyright violation
and illegal (same with CDs, DVDs)
 Site license allows installation on multiple
computers subject to license
 Network administrators often monitor
licensing on network and attached individual
computers
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 13
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14. Social Issues
The Digital Divide
 Inequities of access have created
technological “haves” and “have-nots”
 Gap often related to socioeconomic status,
ethnic group, gender, and education levels
 Teachers can design activities that help
bridge the gap and reduce technological
inequities
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 14
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15. Social Issues
Cyberbullying
 Playground bullying has entered cyberspace
 Defined as incident:
“where the Internet, cell phones, or other devices
used to send or post text or images to hurt or
embarrass another person”
 Widespread problem, estimated 43% of
students have been victims
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 15
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16. Ethical Issues
Online social interaction
 The Web offers tremendous opportunities for
social interaction
 Immature children and teens may be at risk
 Information, words, and images (e.g., sexting)
do not go away and may be seen by unintended
viewers
 Teachers need to teach and encourage
appropriate positive online social interaction
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 16
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17. Ethical Issues
Freedom of Speech
 Internet content not regulated
 Materials posted may be objectionable or
inappropriate
 Net is an open forum for free speech:
 Should expression be regulated?
 Does the government have the right to do so?
 Although controversy continues, schools must
control access to appropriate areas
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 17
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18. Ethical Issues
Privacy
 What is the appropriate balance between
privacy and monitoring of activity?
 When is it OK to monitor where people go
and what they do on the Internet?
 School’s responsibility is to:
 Ensure students’ safety
 Publish and enforce AUPs
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 18
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19. Ethical Issues
Academic Dishonesty
 Ease of manipulating and sharing
information increased dishonest use of work
 Cheating and plagiarizing further facilitated
by web sites that post and share work
 Teachers and schools need clear policies
dealing with digital dishonesty
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 19
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20. Ethical Issues
Teachers’ Role in Technology
 Are key stakeholders
 Can implement best technology for students
and themselves
 Have critical role dealing with legal, ethical, and
social issues of implementing technology
 Must keep up to date as technology evolves to
utilize it and to address issues it creates
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 20
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21. Ethical Issues
Resources for Teachers
 Schools’ media and/or technology specialists
can help address digital issues
 They have wealth of knowledge and skills
and usually enthusiastic support to provide
to teachers
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 21
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22. Emerging Technology
Wireless Connectivity
 Rapid improvement making wireless
availability commonplace
 WiFi (wireless fidelity) technology provide
networking for campus and public wireless
networks
 Retrofitting schools with cables will cease to
be necessary
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 22
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23. Emerging Technology
Wireless Connectivity
Bluetooth technology
 Personal area networks (PANs) created
automatically
 Various types of devices can be connected
together wirelessly
 No more limitations by length of cables
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 23
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24. Emerging Technology
Virtual Environments
 Fully rendered 3-D environments in which the
user is immersed
 As the technology progresses:
 Development of full sensory environments will
address all learning preferences
 Students will be able to take virtual field trips
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 24
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25. Emerging Technology
Artificial Intelligence
 Artificial Intelligence - programs that work like
the human brain
 Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert
systems are examples of AI
 These tools exist and, when evolved, will be
significant
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 25
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26. Emerging Technology
Wiki
 Refers to a web site written collaboratively
 Vandalism may occur, but the community
corrects problems quickly
 Schools can create wiki sites for
brainstorming, collaboration, debate,
projects, and/or sharing resources
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 26
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27. Emerging Technology
Grid Computing
 Multiple computers join together to share
resources and computing power
 The fastest dedicated computer in the world
is a 900,000 computer grid
 Peer-to-peer networking is another example
of grid computing
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 27
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28. Emerging Technology
Displays
 Flexible organic light-emitting devices
(FOLEDs) can be any size and even rolled.
 Electronic paper - film with beads of ink
that electrical current makes turn over to
form letters, graphics, pictures.
 Erasable and rewritable
 Size and weight of a transparency
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 28
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29. Emerging Technology
Wearable Computers
 Computers built into clothing or worn like a
pin or around the neck
 Devices could offer information about
environment, reminders, and data on demand
 Current examples are heads-up-displays and
small computers for special needs students
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 29
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30. Emerging Technology
Convergence
 Blending technologies into a single
multipurpose technology
 In schools, convergence will mean:
 Better use of limited resources, since less
equipment will need to be acquired
 Less time and resources spent in training on diverse
equipment
 Easier integration of equipment into the classroom
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 30
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31. Emerging Technology
Computers as Appliances
 Digital technology becoming common as a
household appliances, schools must keep up
with societal change
 Pocket or tablet PCs will allow instant access
from anywhere
 Instruction will need to accommodate more
opportunities and greater access
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 31
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32. Emerging Issues
Computer Literacy
 Effectively using computer will become as
essential a skill as reading
 Computer literacy will be an entry-level skill
and will not have to be taught
 Computer-enhanced instruction will be easier
to integrate into lessons
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 32
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33. Emerging Issues
Decentralized Instruction
 Instruction may change as technology
broadens the ways it can be delivered
 Classroom walls will give way to virtual
communities of learners
 Master teachers from around the world may
come together to team teach
 Schools will no longer be isolated
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 33
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34. Emerging Issues
Changing Role of the Teacher
 Technology will not replace teachers,
teachers must design instruction using
technology
 Digital-age curriculum may look very
different from contemporary curriculum
 Global collaboration and ever-expanding
resources will benefit students
Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e 34
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