Poverty in Rural America
In this Research Note, HAC examines Poverty in Rural America . The issue of poverty has many complexities, but it is much more than an abstract condition for the over 40 million Americans who face daily struggles with food security, access to health care, and lack of basic shelter. Poverty rates are on the rise and more Americans are living in poverty than at any other time since the Census Bureau began measuring its occurrence.
This research note includes analysis of:
-Rural poverty;
-The face of poverty in rural America;
-Long-term poverty in rural America; and
-Rural poverty and vulnerable populations.
More rural poverty information can be found on HAC's "Poverty in the United States" map at www.ruralhome.org/poverty-map
Race & Ethnicity in Rural America is the third in a series of Rural Research Notes presenting data and findings from the recently released 2010 Census and American Community Survey (ACS). HAC's Research Note examines racial and ethnic characteristics of rural America, including trends and demographic shifts that have occurred since the 2000 census. This publication includes:
-Figures on race and ethnicity in rural America;
-An analysis of racial and ethnic minorities in rural and small town areas;
-Population growth figures by race and ethicity.
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and its impacts. It first discusses how globalization has both positive and negative impacts on poverty, helping some individuals but increasing inequality and driving many into poverty. Second, it examines the government's poor response to Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in thousands of deaths due to lack of evacuation assistance, food/water, and medical care in its aftermath. Finally, it notes that Aboriginal people in Northern Territory, Australia have high rates of mental illness but little support, and many end up imprisoned instead of receiving proper care.
The document discusses rural and urban poverty in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh has reduced the number of people living in poverty from 63 million to 46 million between 2000 and 2010, rural poverty remains a significant issue with an estimated 35% of the rural population living below the poverty line. Causes of rural poverty include flooding which damages crops and homes, forcing many into debt, as well as a fast growing population putting pressure on resources. Urban poverty is also an issue, with limited jobs and poor housing and sanitation contributing to the 21% of the urban population living in poverty. The cycle of poverty is difficult to escape as the poor often cannot afford safer housing and so continue suffering flood damage. Poverty impacts education, employment,
Hispanics/Latinos in New York State continue to experience health disparities and poorer health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. They have higher rates of chronic conditions like diabetes, HIV, asthma, and teen pregnancy. They also have lower education levels, higher poverty rates, less health insurance coverage, and language barriers that influence their health. The document outlines these disparities and calls for action to address social determinants of health and improve access to culturally-responsive healthcare services to achieve health equity for Hispanics/Latinos in New York State.
The document summarizes information about urban poor families in 3 sections. It begins by defining urban areas and the urbanization process. It then discusses who the poor are, noting they often lack basic needs, assets, opportunities, and access to services. The third section defines urban poor families as those living in cities whose income falls below the poverty line. It lists common problems as lack of decent housing, insufficient services, lack of jobs, and spread of diseases. Common occupations include sidewalk vending, scavenging, and driving. Frequent illnesses include dengue, sexually transmitted diseases, diarrhea, and food poisoning.
Urban poverty is a multidimensional issue that affects people's living conditions, access to basic services, and vulnerability. It exists worldwide to varying degrees. Common causes of urban poverty include overpopulation, natural disasters, illiteracy, unequal income distribution, lack of job growth, and rural-to-urban migration in search of livelihoods. Dimensions of urban poverty include limited assets, inadequate public infrastructure and services, lack of legal protection, lack of political voice, exploitation, and limited access to employment, health, and education. The National Slum Development Program aims to upgrade infrastructure and services in slums, but it only targets about half of slum settlements. Reports find that urban poverty is increasing as more people migrate
While the total percentage of people in poverty in Illinois has remained around 14.7% since 1960, there have been some notable improvements - the percentage of poor elderly people has decreased significantly from 29.8% to 8.8% over this time period. Poverty rates have also generally decreased among racial and ethnic groups except for Latinos. Additionally, the number of low income families and counties in Illinois has decreased substantially. Reasons for these improvements include minimum wage increases, rising living standards, and expanded access to medical care.
Poverty, gender and the african culture and the challenges of globalizationAlexander Decker
This document discusses poverty, gender, and African culture in the context of globalization. It addresses how poverty and gender inequality are major challenges in Africa that have been exacerbated by issues of culture and the impacts of globalization. The key points made are:
1) Poverty and gender discrimination are widespread problems across Africa that have hindered development and the ability to achieve goals like the Millennium Development Goals.
2) Common causes of poverty in Africa include corruption, mismanagement of funds, unstable governments, weak rule of law, issues around land ownership, diseases, conflicts, and lack of infrastructure and power.
3) Tackling poverty and gender inequality in Africa requires a paradigm shift,
Race & Ethnicity in Rural America is the third in a series of Rural Research Notes presenting data and findings from the recently released 2010 Census and American Community Survey (ACS). HAC's Research Note examines racial and ethnic characteristics of rural America, including trends and demographic shifts that have occurred since the 2000 census. This publication includes:
-Figures on race and ethnicity in rural America;
-An analysis of racial and ethnic minorities in rural and small town areas;
-Population growth figures by race and ethicity.
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and its impacts. It first discusses how globalization has both positive and negative impacts on poverty, helping some individuals but increasing inequality and driving many into poverty. Second, it examines the government's poor response to Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in thousands of deaths due to lack of evacuation assistance, food/water, and medical care in its aftermath. Finally, it notes that Aboriginal people in Northern Territory, Australia have high rates of mental illness but little support, and many end up imprisoned instead of receiving proper care.
The document discusses rural and urban poverty in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh has reduced the number of people living in poverty from 63 million to 46 million between 2000 and 2010, rural poverty remains a significant issue with an estimated 35% of the rural population living below the poverty line. Causes of rural poverty include flooding which damages crops and homes, forcing many into debt, as well as a fast growing population putting pressure on resources. Urban poverty is also an issue, with limited jobs and poor housing and sanitation contributing to the 21% of the urban population living in poverty. The cycle of poverty is difficult to escape as the poor often cannot afford safer housing and so continue suffering flood damage. Poverty impacts education, employment,
Hispanics/Latinos in New York State continue to experience health disparities and poorer health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. They have higher rates of chronic conditions like diabetes, HIV, asthma, and teen pregnancy. They also have lower education levels, higher poverty rates, less health insurance coverage, and language barriers that influence their health. The document outlines these disparities and calls for action to address social determinants of health and improve access to culturally-responsive healthcare services to achieve health equity for Hispanics/Latinos in New York State.
The document summarizes information about urban poor families in 3 sections. It begins by defining urban areas and the urbanization process. It then discusses who the poor are, noting they often lack basic needs, assets, opportunities, and access to services. The third section defines urban poor families as those living in cities whose income falls below the poverty line. It lists common problems as lack of decent housing, insufficient services, lack of jobs, and spread of diseases. Common occupations include sidewalk vending, scavenging, and driving. Frequent illnesses include dengue, sexually transmitted diseases, diarrhea, and food poisoning.
Urban poverty is a multidimensional issue that affects people's living conditions, access to basic services, and vulnerability. It exists worldwide to varying degrees. Common causes of urban poverty include overpopulation, natural disasters, illiteracy, unequal income distribution, lack of job growth, and rural-to-urban migration in search of livelihoods. Dimensions of urban poverty include limited assets, inadequate public infrastructure and services, lack of legal protection, lack of political voice, exploitation, and limited access to employment, health, and education. The National Slum Development Program aims to upgrade infrastructure and services in slums, but it only targets about half of slum settlements. Reports find that urban poverty is increasing as more people migrate
While the total percentage of people in poverty in Illinois has remained around 14.7% since 1960, there have been some notable improvements - the percentage of poor elderly people has decreased significantly from 29.8% to 8.8% over this time period. Poverty rates have also generally decreased among racial and ethnic groups except for Latinos. Additionally, the number of low income families and counties in Illinois has decreased substantially. Reasons for these improvements include minimum wage increases, rising living standards, and expanded access to medical care.
Poverty, gender and the african culture and the challenges of globalizationAlexander Decker
This document discusses poverty, gender, and African culture in the context of globalization. It addresses how poverty and gender inequality are major challenges in Africa that have been exacerbated by issues of culture and the impacts of globalization. The key points made are:
1) Poverty and gender discrimination are widespread problems across Africa that have hindered development and the ability to achieve goals like the Millennium Development Goals.
2) Common causes of poverty in Africa include corruption, mismanagement of funds, unstable governments, weak rule of law, issues around land ownership, diseases, conflicts, and lack of infrastructure and power.
3) Tackling poverty and gender inequality in Africa requires a paradigm shift,
The document provides background information about McAllen, Texas including its history, demographics, education and income levels, health statistics, and causes of mortality and morbidity. It then outlines The McAllen Health Project initiative which aims to educate the population on malnutrition and its health effects through various community outreach activities and the development of individualized wellness plans. Data is presented to justify the need for the initiative given McAllen's high rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
This document summarizes a workshop on structural racism in the food system from a public health perspective. The workshop will guide participants on identifying health department data to make arguments for more sustainable and equitable food systems. It will discuss models of population health, neoliberalism, structural racism, and using health data for advocacy. The facilitator has over 20 years of public health experience.
This document discusses poverty in Bangladesh. It defines poverty as having little wealth or material possessions. It outlines the dimensions of poverty, including income poverty, human poverty, and multidimensional poverty involving deprivation of essential capabilities. It then examines the concept and history of defining poverty on a global scale. The document provides statistics on Bangladesh's declining but still high poverty rates over time. It identifies poverty as an impediment to Bangladesh's development, relating it to issues like child malnutrition, lack of services in remote areas, and inadequate healthcare. Finally, it outlines Bangladesh's poverty reduction strategy of lowering poverty rates through sustainable social safety nets and achieving UN Millennium Development Goals.
This document provides an overview of poverty and the work of Oxfam America to help alleviate poverty. It discusses the various types and causes of poverty, as well as the impacts of climate change on poverty. It describes Oxfam's efforts to help poverty-stricken communities through emergency aid, advocacy, job creation, disaster prevention, and addressing the systemic barriers that trap people in poverty. The document contains facts about global poverty and links to videos about poverty in Haiti and the environmental impacts of climate change.
This document provides background information on housing and poverty in Brazil. It discusses Brazil's history of urbanization and the resulting housing deficit. This led many poor residents to live in informal settlements known as favelas, which often lack basic infrastructure. The document then outlines the Brazilian government's evolving approach to addressing the housing crisis through programs that aim to formalize favela communities and increase access to affordable housing. It examines ongoing challenges like racial inequities and high rates of violence in some favelas.
Poverty is defined as a state of lacking sufficient income and resources to afford basic necessities. It impedes human progress and development by limiting access to things like adequate housing, healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. This can increase morbidity and mortality rates. Poverty is caused by factors like illiteracy, lack of knowledge, poor living conditions, and social issues. It is associated with increased risk of diseases and health issues. Measuring socioeconomic status is important for understanding poverty levels. Poverty reduction efforts aim to increase access to resources and opportunities through programs, policies, and sustainable development goals. However, overcoming poverty faces ongoing challenges.
This document summarizes lessons from analyzing poverty reduction in 14 countries during the 1990s. It finds that while economic growth generally reduced poverty, the degree of poverty reduction varied significantly between countries. Growth was most effective at reducing poverty when poor households meaningfully participated in new economic opportunities through activities like agriculture, non-farm employment, and human capital development. However, inequality sometimes offset the poverty reducing effects of growth. The document concludes country-specific strategies are needed to maximize poor households' participation in inclusive growth.
The document is about poverty in India. It begins by thanking those who supported the completion of a school project on time, including a teacher who provided guidance. It then outlines the contents of the project, which discusses definitions of poverty and poverty line, social exclusion, vulnerability, inter-state disparities, global poverty, causes of poverty in India, and anti-poverty programs by the government.
Multiple deprivation refers to when different types of deprivation, such as lack of education, poor health, high crime levels, and high unemployment, occur together to measure an overall level of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measures quality of life in England and Wales by scoring areas on 7 types of deprivation, with higher scores indicating more deprivation and lower quality of life. Income deprivation and employment deprivation make up nearly half the overall multiple deprivation score, suggesting they are the main causes of deprivation.
The document discusses urban poverty and crime. It addresses the urbanization of poverty, problems created by urban poor populations, and different aspects of poverty in the US, Europe, and less developed countries. It also examines the relationship between city size and crime rates, theories for high crime areas, and crimes in the UAE. Solutions discussed include governmental investment in infrastructure and people as well as increasing opportunities for poor groups.
Contributions of cooperative movement to alleviation of poverty among rural w...Alexander Decker
This study examines the impact of cooperative movements on poverty alleviation among rural women in Oriade Local Government, Nigeria. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 200 women. The study found that cooperative membership significantly reduced poverty by allowing women to access loans to invest in businesses and purchase assets. However, some women did not reduce poverty as they did not use loans for productive purposes like asset acquisition. Overall, the study concludes that cooperative movements play a key role in improving the livelihoods of rural communities by providing access to financial resources. It recommends that cooperatives encourage members to invest loan proceeds in assets rather than just consumption.
This document defines and discusses poverty. It begins by defining poverty as a condition where basic needs for food, clothing and shelter are not being met. It then discusses absolute and relative poverty. The document also examines the effects of poverty globally and in India, particularly rural and urban poverty in India. It notes that while India's economy is growing, poverty remains a major challenge, with over 80 million people in urban India and around 170 million in rural India considered poor. The conclusion states that India has the world's largest number of people in poverty and that alleviating poverty is important for peace.
This presentation is part of a lesson on measuring disparities in wealth and development found at the following link : http://mcleankids.wetpaint.com/page/Measurements+of+Regional+and+Global+Disparities
Urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on the relationship between urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in Nigeria. It examines inmates at the Port Harcourt Remand Home as a case study. The study found that urban poverty is a driving force behind juvenile crime in Port Harcourt, as children from poor homes were more likely to commit crimes than those from wealthy homes. It also found that the Remand Home is ill-equipped to rehabilitate juvenile offenders. The document reviews previous empirical research on urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in Nigeria and outlines the objectives and hypotheses of the case study.
Mollie Orshansky developed the original U.S. poverty thresholds in 1963-1964 while working for the Social Security Administration. She defined poverty as a family earning less than three times the cost of a basic food budget, establishing the first standardized measure of poverty in the United States. Her "Mollie's Measure" was influential in launching the War on Poverty under President Lyndon B. Johnson and establishing poverty guidelines still used today.
Founded in 1880, named after a railroad conductor
Pop.: 1,338
Average income: $42,695
Poverty Rate: 23.1%
48.5% White, 37.1% Hispanic
Industries: Manufacturing (39.1%), Retail (18.2%), Education (12.7%)
5 churches (1 bilingual)
1 Dollar General
1 Farm Center
USDA Definition: “access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.”
Four types:
High food security: no reported indications of food access problems or limitations
Marginal food security: one or two reported indications
Low food security: reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.
Very low food security: Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake
Poverty is a major problem in South Asia, home to over 450 million of the world's poor. More than 22% of the world's population lives in South Asia, but the region contains over 44% of the world's impoverished. Poverty is caused by factors such as overpopulation straining limited resources, weak economic development due to poor government policies and corruption, lack of education and opportunities, and natural disasters. The large numbers of people in South Asia who cannot contribute to the economy due to poverty, illiteracy, and overpopulation pose challenges for economic growth in countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Maldives. Potential solutions include providing more education and opportunities, reducing corruption,
This document discusses poverty, defining it as the deprivation of basic human needs like food, shelter, and clothing. It notes that poverty is man-made and can be overcome through human action. The document then outlines various types and causes of poverty, its effects on health, hunger, housing, education, and violence. It provides statistics on global poverty and lists some Indian states with high poverty rates. It also discusses various measures and characteristics of poverty, and government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation in India.
This document discusses various concepts and definitions related to poverty. It defines absolute poverty as having income less than $2 per day, while relative poverty compares one's economic status to others in the society. Both concepts fail to consider non-income aspects of poverty. Other definitions discussed include income poverty, extreme poverty of less than $1 per day, and India's poverty lines. Causes and impacts of poverty are also outlined. Various poverty indices like the Human Poverty Index and Global Hunger Index are explained. Strategies to address hidden hunger and malnutrition are provided.
Framing concepts and debates: urbanisation, migration, urban health equity a...Jo Vearey
This document provides an introduction and agenda for a symposium on urbanization, inequality, and HIV in South Africa. It discusses key concepts around urbanization, migration, and the social determinants of health. Specifically, it notes that urbanization is driven by both rural-urban migration and natural population growth in cities. It also highlights that urbanization in South Africa must be understood in the context of historical and ongoing population movements within and across borders. The document then outlines how urban inequality and inequities in access to health services negatively impact vulnerable groups in cities and exacerbate the HIV epidemic.
In its fifth Rural Research Note, HAC examines Homeownership in Rural America . In rural and small town communities, homeownership rates are even higher than the national level. In 2010, approximately 17.9 million, or 71.6 percent of occupied homes in rural communities were owned by their inhabitants. Consistent with national trends, the rural homeownership rate declined by two percentage points from the year 2000.
This research note includes analysis of:
Homeownership across the rural spectrum;
True homeownership rates in rural America; and Homeownership rates decline between 2000 and 2010.
The document discusses trends in rural populations including aging, increasing diversity, and economic challenges like poverty and access to healthcare. It notes that while rural areas now make up a smaller percentage of the total US population, the actual number living in rural areas has increased. The document also outlines new opportunities for regional transportation planning organizations to address the needs of changing rural populations under MAP-21.
The document provides background information about McAllen, Texas including its history, demographics, education and income levels, health statistics, and causes of mortality and morbidity. It then outlines The McAllen Health Project initiative which aims to educate the population on malnutrition and its health effects through various community outreach activities and the development of individualized wellness plans. Data is presented to justify the need for the initiative given McAllen's high rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
This document summarizes a workshop on structural racism in the food system from a public health perspective. The workshop will guide participants on identifying health department data to make arguments for more sustainable and equitable food systems. It will discuss models of population health, neoliberalism, structural racism, and using health data for advocacy. The facilitator has over 20 years of public health experience.
This document discusses poverty in Bangladesh. It defines poverty as having little wealth or material possessions. It outlines the dimensions of poverty, including income poverty, human poverty, and multidimensional poverty involving deprivation of essential capabilities. It then examines the concept and history of defining poverty on a global scale. The document provides statistics on Bangladesh's declining but still high poverty rates over time. It identifies poverty as an impediment to Bangladesh's development, relating it to issues like child malnutrition, lack of services in remote areas, and inadequate healthcare. Finally, it outlines Bangladesh's poverty reduction strategy of lowering poverty rates through sustainable social safety nets and achieving UN Millennium Development Goals.
This document provides an overview of poverty and the work of Oxfam America to help alleviate poverty. It discusses the various types and causes of poverty, as well as the impacts of climate change on poverty. It describes Oxfam's efforts to help poverty-stricken communities through emergency aid, advocacy, job creation, disaster prevention, and addressing the systemic barriers that trap people in poverty. The document contains facts about global poverty and links to videos about poverty in Haiti and the environmental impacts of climate change.
This document provides background information on housing and poverty in Brazil. It discusses Brazil's history of urbanization and the resulting housing deficit. This led many poor residents to live in informal settlements known as favelas, which often lack basic infrastructure. The document then outlines the Brazilian government's evolving approach to addressing the housing crisis through programs that aim to formalize favela communities and increase access to affordable housing. It examines ongoing challenges like racial inequities and high rates of violence in some favelas.
Poverty is defined as a state of lacking sufficient income and resources to afford basic necessities. It impedes human progress and development by limiting access to things like adequate housing, healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. This can increase morbidity and mortality rates. Poverty is caused by factors like illiteracy, lack of knowledge, poor living conditions, and social issues. It is associated with increased risk of diseases and health issues. Measuring socioeconomic status is important for understanding poverty levels. Poverty reduction efforts aim to increase access to resources and opportunities through programs, policies, and sustainable development goals. However, overcoming poverty faces ongoing challenges.
This document summarizes lessons from analyzing poverty reduction in 14 countries during the 1990s. It finds that while economic growth generally reduced poverty, the degree of poverty reduction varied significantly between countries. Growth was most effective at reducing poverty when poor households meaningfully participated in new economic opportunities through activities like agriculture, non-farm employment, and human capital development. However, inequality sometimes offset the poverty reducing effects of growth. The document concludes country-specific strategies are needed to maximize poor households' participation in inclusive growth.
The document is about poverty in India. It begins by thanking those who supported the completion of a school project on time, including a teacher who provided guidance. It then outlines the contents of the project, which discusses definitions of poverty and poverty line, social exclusion, vulnerability, inter-state disparities, global poverty, causes of poverty in India, and anti-poverty programs by the government.
Multiple deprivation refers to when different types of deprivation, such as lack of education, poor health, high crime levels, and high unemployment, occur together to measure an overall level of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measures quality of life in England and Wales by scoring areas on 7 types of deprivation, with higher scores indicating more deprivation and lower quality of life. Income deprivation and employment deprivation make up nearly half the overall multiple deprivation score, suggesting they are the main causes of deprivation.
The document discusses urban poverty and crime. It addresses the urbanization of poverty, problems created by urban poor populations, and different aspects of poverty in the US, Europe, and less developed countries. It also examines the relationship between city size and crime rates, theories for high crime areas, and crimes in the UAE. Solutions discussed include governmental investment in infrastructure and people as well as increasing opportunities for poor groups.
Contributions of cooperative movement to alleviation of poverty among rural w...Alexander Decker
This study examines the impact of cooperative movements on poverty alleviation among rural women in Oriade Local Government, Nigeria. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 200 women. The study found that cooperative membership significantly reduced poverty by allowing women to access loans to invest in businesses and purchase assets. However, some women did not reduce poverty as they did not use loans for productive purposes like asset acquisition. Overall, the study concludes that cooperative movements play a key role in improving the livelihoods of rural communities by providing access to financial resources. It recommends that cooperatives encourage members to invest loan proceeds in assets rather than just consumption.
This document defines and discusses poverty. It begins by defining poverty as a condition where basic needs for food, clothing and shelter are not being met. It then discusses absolute and relative poverty. The document also examines the effects of poverty globally and in India, particularly rural and urban poverty in India. It notes that while India's economy is growing, poverty remains a major challenge, with over 80 million people in urban India and around 170 million in rural India considered poor. The conclusion states that India has the world's largest number of people in poverty and that alleviating poverty is important for peace.
This presentation is part of a lesson on measuring disparities in wealth and development found at the following link : http://mcleankids.wetpaint.com/page/Measurements+of+Regional+and+Global+Disparities
Urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on the relationship between urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in Nigeria. It examines inmates at the Port Harcourt Remand Home as a case study. The study found that urban poverty is a driving force behind juvenile crime in Port Harcourt, as children from poor homes were more likely to commit crimes than those from wealthy homes. It also found that the Remand Home is ill-equipped to rehabilitate juvenile offenders. The document reviews previous empirical research on urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in Nigeria and outlines the objectives and hypotheses of the case study.
Mollie Orshansky developed the original U.S. poverty thresholds in 1963-1964 while working for the Social Security Administration. She defined poverty as a family earning less than three times the cost of a basic food budget, establishing the first standardized measure of poverty in the United States. Her "Mollie's Measure" was influential in launching the War on Poverty under President Lyndon B. Johnson and establishing poverty guidelines still used today.
Founded in 1880, named after a railroad conductor
Pop.: 1,338
Average income: $42,695
Poverty Rate: 23.1%
48.5% White, 37.1% Hispanic
Industries: Manufacturing (39.1%), Retail (18.2%), Education (12.7%)
5 churches (1 bilingual)
1 Dollar General
1 Farm Center
USDA Definition: “access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.”
Four types:
High food security: no reported indications of food access problems or limitations
Marginal food security: one or two reported indications
Low food security: reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.
Very low food security: Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake
Poverty is a major problem in South Asia, home to over 450 million of the world's poor. More than 22% of the world's population lives in South Asia, but the region contains over 44% of the world's impoverished. Poverty is caused by factors such as overpopulation straining limited resources, weak economic development due to poor government policies and corruption, lack of education and opportunities, and natural disasters. The large numbers of people in South Asia who cannot contribute to the economy due to poverty, illiteracy, and overpopulation pose challenges for economic growth in countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Maldives. Potential solutions include providing more education and opportunities, reducing corruption,
This document discusses poverty, defining it as the deprivation of basic human needs like food, shelter, and clothing. It notes that poverty is man-made and can be overcome through human action. The document then outlines various types and causes of poverty, its effects on health, hunger, housing, education, and violence. It provides statistics on global poverty and lists some Indian states with high poverty rates. It also discusses various measures and characteristics of poverty, and government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation in India.
This document discusses various concepts and definitions related to poverty. It defines absolute poverty as having income less than $2 per day, while relative poverty compares one's economic status to others in the society. Both concepts fail to consider non-income aspects of poverty. Other definitions discussed include income poverty, extreme poverty of less than $1 per day, and India's poverty lines. Causes and impacts of poverty are also outlined. Various poverty indices like the Human Poverty Index and Global Hunger Index are explained. Strategies to address hidden hunger and malnutrition are provided.
Framing concepts and debates: urbanisation, migration, urban health equity a...Jo Vearey
This document provides an introduction and agenda for a symposium on urbanization, inequality, and HIV in South Africa. It discusses key concepts around urbanization, migration, and the social determinants of health. Specifically, it notes that urbanization is driven by both rural-urban migration and natural population growth in cities. It also highlights that urbanization in South Africa must be understood in the context of historical and ongoing population movements within and across borders. The document then outlines how urban inequality and inequities in access to health services negatively impact vulnerable groups in cities and exacerbate the HIV epidemic.
In its fifth Rural Research Note, HAC examines Homeownership in Rural America . In rural and small town communities, homeownership rates are even higher than the national level. In 2010, approximately 17.9 million, or 71.6 percent of occupied homes in rural communities were owned by their inhabitants. Consistent with national trends, the rural homeownership rate declined by two percentage points from the year 2000.
This research note includes analysis of:
Homeownership across the rural spectrum;
True homeownership rates in rural America; and Homeownership rates decline between 2000 and 2010.
The document discusses trends in rural populations including aging, increasing diversity, and economic challenges like poverty and access to healthcare. It notes that while rural areas now make up a smaller percentage of the total US population, the actual number living in rural areas has increased. The document also outlines new opportunities for regional transportation planning organizations to address the needs of changing rural populations under MAP-21.
This document discusses the racialization of poverty in the United States. It argues that poverty must be understood as an outcome of structural racial inequities, rather than solely as an individual issue. Racialized policies have created a correlation between race and poverty by denying marginalized groups access to opportunities and wealth. The document advocates reframing poverty discourse to acknowledge its systemic causes and emphasize how poverty isolation harms entire communities. It calls for policies addressing both immediate needs and multigenerational poverty through a lens of shared opportunity.
This document summarizes poverty trends in South Asia. It finds that poverty is widespread and disproportionately affects rural populations, who often work in agriculture and lack access to resources, education, health services and infrastructure. While poverty has declined in some countries according to government estimates, these figures are disputed, and poverty remains a significant problem. Poverty is often concentrated in particular areas or among specific ethnic groups. Eradicating poverty requires concerted efforts across governments and communities.
This document summarizes a student paper analyzing the concentration of poverty in Charlotte, North Carolina. It discusses how poverty has become concentrated in urban areas due to historical and current factors such as historic housing policies, minimum wage laws, lack of access to good jobs and education, and income inequality. The paper will focus specifically on how these factors apply to Charlotte and have resulted in high levels of poverty among certain demographics, despite the city's overall economic growth. It will analyze poverty statistics in Charlotte and North Carolina and discuss attempts to address urban poverty through policies and programs.
This document reports on poverty in America. It finds that in 2013, about 48.8 million people, or 15.8% of the US population, lived below the poverty level. Those most affected by poverty include racial minorities like African Americans and Hispanics, families with children, people with disabilities, and the working poor. States in the South tend to have higher poverty rates. Non-Hispanic blacks and Native Americans have the highest child poverty rates. While the overall poverty rate dropped slightly in 2014, over 33% of people in poverty fell below half the poverty level and would need double their income to rise above it.
This document reports on poverty in America. It finds that in 2013, about 48.8 million people, or 15.8% of the US population, lived below the poverty level. Those most affected by poverty include racial minorities like African Americans and Hispanics, families with children, people with disabilities, and the working poor. States in the South tend to have higher poverty rates. While the overall poverty rate dropped slightly in 2014, over 33% of people in poverty fell below half the poverty level and would need double their income to rise above it. Poverty continues to be a significant issue impacting millions of Americans each year.
The document discusses poverty in Vietnam and around the world. It defines different types of poverty, including those living on less than $1.25 per day according to the World Bank. For Vietnam, about 2.4% of the population lives below this international poverty line, with ethnic minority poverty rates remaining high. The causes of poverty in Vietnam and how the government is trying to reduce poverty are also examined.
Middle India contains over 400 million people, more than half of India's extreme poor. It has a high population density and low urbanization compared to other regions in India. Poverty in Middle India is expected to remain relatively unchanged through 2015 while decreasing in other regions, making it home to around 50% of India's poor. Key reasons for its difficult poverty situation include high population density, low urbanization, shorter life expectancy, and lower human development indicators compared to India as a whole.
Mollie Orshansky developed the original U.S. poverty thresholds in 1963-1964 while working for the Social Security Administration. She defined poverty as a family's annual income being below three times the annual cost of basic groceries. Known as "Mollie's Measure," it set a consistent standard for defining poverty over time and between countries based on basic needs rather than relative to overall societal standards of living. Her thresholds were later adopted by the U.S. government and remain influential in measuring poverty in America.
State of Homelessness in America, January 2011, authored by M William Sermons and Peter Witte of the National Alliance to End Homelessness. Download at endhomelessness.org
The 2010 US Census data shows that the US population is becoming more diverse as the Hispanic and Asian populations experience rapid growth. Hispanics and Asians now make up over 30% of the US population, with their numbers increasing 43% since 2000 - four times faster than the overall population growth rate. This demographic shift is largely driven by immigration from Latin America and Asia, as nearly three-quarters of new US residents between 2000-2010 were Hispanic or Asian. The changing face of America means real estate agents must prepare to serve a multicultural client base to position themselves for long-term success.
Homelessness is a major social issue faced by many communities. There are various factors that contribute to homelessness, including a lack of affordable housing, poverty, unemployment, lack of healthcare, mental illness, addiction, and domestic violence. While homelessness tends to be more visible in urban areas, it also impacts rural communities where there are fewer resources available to aid the homeless population. Addressing the root causes of homelessness, such as increasing affordable housing and employment opportunities, will be necessary to effectively address this ongoing social problem.
The document discusses poverty as a challenge. It defines poverty as not having enough money to meet basic needs like food, clothing and shelter. Poverty is also described as hunger, lack of shelter, inability to see a doctor when sick, and lack of access to education. The document outlines two types of poverty - absolute poverty based on minimum calorie intake and expenditure, and relative poverty which compares economic conditions between regions. It examines causes of poverty in India like British rule, population pressure, lack of industrialization, and social factors. Data on percentage of people below the poverty line by Indian state is presented, and several Indian government programs aimed at poverty alleviation are listed.
Poverty alleviation and employment Scenario in India FINAL.pptDrIshaSharma4
Poverty is defined as the lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and education. The document discusses the different types and measurements of poverty, as well as its global and national scope. Key points include:
- Over 800 million people live on less than $1.90 per day and extreme poverty rates remain high in developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
- In India, 21.9% of the population lives below the poverty line, with higher rates in rural (25.7%) versus urban (13.7%) areas. Several states have particularly high poverty levels.
- Poverty is multidimensional and causes lack of access to resources, vulnerability
Many observers think there is a permanent underclass in American soc.pdfdirector41
Many observers think there is a permanent underclass in American society most of those in
poverty typically remain poor from year to year. Over the period of 1970 - 2000, the percentage
of the American population in poverty each year has been remarkably stable at 12% or so.
Income figures for each year were taken from the March Current Population Survey of that year;
the cutoff for poverty was based on official gov\'t definitions.
To what extent do this data support the theory of the permanent underclass?
Discuss briefly.
Solution
the data do support the theory of permanent underclass but not to much extent as
out of 12 % many persons would be there who had become poor recently due to job loss. Thus,
keeping this argument in mind it could be said that while the percentage of american population
under poverty remained constant there could have been an exchange in number of people where
few people from above poverty became poor while few persons below poverty became richer.
Thud it could be said that while the given data supports theory of permanent underclass it is not a
definite proof of it..
The document discusses definitions and measurements of poverty in the United States. It notes that the US currently defines poverty in absolute terms based on a threshold established in the 1960s. However, this threshold is now outdated as costs of basic necessities have changed. Most analysts agree the current poverty line is too low and fails to account for necessities. The document also provides current statistics on poverty rates in the US.
This document discusses poverty in India. It defines poverty as the inability to afford basic human needs like food, shelter and education. Poverty has been a long-standing problem in India and was intense during the colonial era. There are two concepts of poverty - absolute poverty refers to inability to consume a minimum number of calories, while relative poverty compares income levels. Rural poverty affects agricultural laborers and the landless, while urban poverty affects slum dwellers. Government measures to reduce poverty include rural employment programs, training for self-employment, subsidized food and loans for small businesses.
Since the 1960s, the United States Government has de.docxjennifer822
Since the 1960s, the United States Government has defined poverty in absolute terms. This makes poverty more easily measurable. The "absolute poverty line" is the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living; having insufficient income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health.A large percentage of the governments poverty measurements depend on the price of food.
"Relative poverty" can be defined as having significantly less access to income and wealth than other members of society. Therefore, the relative poverty rate can directly be linked to income inequality.Means relative poverty can decline if rich people lose a lot of money.
The current poverty measure was established in the 1960s and is now widely acknowledged to be outdated. It was based on research indicating that families spent about one-third of their incomes on food — the official poverty level was set by multiplying food costs by three. Since then, the same figures have been updated annually for inflation but have otherwise remained unchanged.Yet food now comprises only one-seventh of an average family’s expenses, while the costs of housing, child care, health care, and transportation have grown disproportionately. Most analysts agree that today’s poverty thresholds are too low. And although there is no consensus about what constitutes a minimum but decent standard of living in the U.S., research consistently shows that, on average, families need an income of about twice the federal poverty level to meet their most basic needs.
Thirty-seven million Americans live below the official poverty line.One in eight Americans now lives in poverty.A family of four is considered poor if the family’s income is below $21,027.One third of all Americans will experience poverty within a 13-year period. In that period, one in 10 Americans are poor for most of the time, and one in 20 are poor for 10 or more years.
“One in eight Americans -- approximately 37 million people -- now live below the federal poverty line of $19,971 for a family of four. (A woefully inadequate measure that is 42 years old and fails to account for basic necessities.) That's 4.9 million more people than in 2000 and the poverty rate for children is the highest of all age groups. Nearly 60 million people live just above the poverty line. Using the British standard of measurement, approximately 30 percent of Americans --and 40 percent of American children -- are living in poverty.”
Eighteen percent of children are in poverty. 10.9 percent of working-age adults (between the ages of 16 and 64) are in poverty.9.7 percent of the elderly are in poverty. 13.8 percent of females and 11.1 percent of males were poor
The white non-Hispanic poverty rate is 8.2%. The poverty rate for African Americans is 24.5%. The poverty rate for Hispanics is 21.5%. The poverty rate for Asian Americans is 10.2%.
Federal m.
The document analyzes census data on racial and ethnic shifts in the largest 100 US metropolitan areas from 1990-2010. It finds:
1) Non-whites and Hispanics accounted for 98% of population growth in large metro areas from 2000-2010, while 42 areas lost white population.
2) Nearly half of Hispanics live in just 10 large metro areas, though these areas only accounted for 36% of Hispanic growth over the past decade as the population dispersed more widely.
3) Asians are even more concentrated than Hispanics, with one-third living in just three metro areas, though Indian and Chinese Americans are dispersing to new areas at different rates.
John Hartwick, Dawson Holdings, provides information about creating and preserving quality affordable rural housing for seniors using HUD and USDA programs
This document discusses home-based care services for seniors. It notes that over 90% of seniors have at least one chronic disease and outlines common medical (home health, hospice, palliative care) and non-medical (home care, transportation) services provided in-home. These services are needed as the population of seniors is projected to more than double by 2050, with many having conditions like Alzheimer's and being at risk of falls. Planning ahead for potential home care needs is important. The document advocates that home-based care is a form of senior advocacy that provides benefits to both individuals and society.
Heather Pritchard of The Home Depot Foundation (THDF) talks about the foundation's commitment of $80 million over five years to support veterans in need.
The document is a presentation about housing issues facing veterans in rural America. It discusses how veterans often make up a large portion of the homeless population in rural areas. It also notes barriers to the HUD-VASH housing program for homeless veterans in rural locations, such as long distances to facilities and a difficultly identifying homeless veterans. Additionally, it addresses the need for accessible housing and home modifications for senior veterans and those with disabilities so they can remain in their homes.
Retha Patton, Executive Director of Eastern Eight CDC in Tennessee, on creating affordable housing option for rural veterans. Presentation from the Housing Assistance Councils symposium "Housing Seniors & Veterans in Rural America: Preservation, Development and Services" in Council Bluffs, IA on August 28-29, 2013.
Jane Erickson of the Iowa Department of Aging discusses providing services for seniors in rural communities. Presentation from the Housing Assistance Councils symposium "Housing Seniors & Veterans in Rural America: Preservation, Development and Services" in Council Bluffs, IA on August 28-29, 2013
Nebraska HUD Field Office Director Earl Redrick details HUD programs that can be used to assist veterans and seniors. Presentation from the Housing Assistance Councils symposium "Housing Seniors & Veterans in Rural America: Preservation, Development and Services" in Council Bluffs, IA on August 28-29, 2013
Demographics of Senior and Veteran Housing in Rural America - Housing Assista...Housing Assistance Council
Keith Wiley of HAC presents demographic data on rural seniors and veterans and their housing. Presentation from the Housing Assistance Councils symposium "Housing Seniors & Veterans in Rural America: Preservation, Development and Services" in Council Bluffs, IA on August 28-29, 2013
Jerry Floyd of the Iowa Finance Authority on multifamily housing resources. Presentation from the Housing Assistance Councils symposium "Housing Seniors & Veterans in Rural America: Preservation, Development and Services" in Council Bluffs, IA on August 28-29, 2013
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1. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 1
Rural
Research
Note
HOUSING ASSISTANCE COUNCIL
Poverty in Rural America
ABOUT THIS SERIES
Poverty in Rural America is the sixth in a series of
Rural Research Notes presenting data and
findings from the recently released 2010 Census
and American Community Survey (ACS).
The issue of poverty is quite The Incidence of poverty is greatest
In the coming months, the Housing Assistance
complex, but it is much more than an in America’s rural areas and central Council (HAC) will publish Rural Research Notes
abstract condition for the over 40 cities. Approximately 10 million highlighting various social, economic, and
housing characteristics of rural Americans.
million Americans who face daily persons, or 16.3 percent of the rural
struggles with food security, access and small town population, live in The Rural Research Notes series will preview
to health care, and search for basic poverty. Nearly one-quarter of HAC’s decennial Taking Stock report - a
comprehensive assessment of rural America and
shelter. Poverty rates are on the rise people in poverty live in rural areas. its housing. Since the 1980s, HAC has presented
and more Americans are living in Taking Stock every ten years following the
poverty than at any other time since Poverty rates are generally lower in release of Census data. The newest Taking
Stock report will be published in 2012.
the Census Bureau began measuring suburban and exurban communities,
its occurrence. According to 2006- at 10.5 percent, and highest in large
2010 American Community Survey cities, where 17.3 percent of the
(ACS) figures, 40.7 million people urban population have below-
have incomes below the poverty line, poverty level
constituting a national poverty rate incomes.
of 13.8 percent.
The increasing prevalence of poverty
in the United States is in part a factor
of the recent economic recession.
But high poverty rates are also
reflective of a systemic situation in
which too many Americans have
been left behind or shut out of our
nation’s economic promise and
prosperity.
2. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 2
The Face of Poverty in Rural America
Rural poverty rates generally follow the Consistent with regional patterns, rural small town areas. Large numbers of
same trend as national rates, and have poverty rates were highest in poor, rural Native Americans are
fluctuated up and down through periods southeastern states. Mississippi, concentrated on or near reservations,
of economic growth, as well as through Louisiana, Kentucky, South Carolina, where the overall poverty rates can
recessions similar to what the U.S. Georgia, Arkansas, and Alabama all have exceed half the population in these
experienced in the late 2000s. While rural and small town poverty rates at 20 communities. The poverty rate among
some gains have been made in reducing percent or more. Texas has the greatest rural Hispanics is more than twice the
poverty over the past several decades, number of rural residents in poverty with national rate, and five percentage points
poverty rates are still stubbornly high for nearly 730,000 rural residents below the higher than for Hispanics nationally, at
certain populations in rural America – poverty line. North Carolina also has 27.3 percent. In fact, rural minorities
consistently have higher poverty rates
compared to minorities nationally.
Additionally, economic conditions for
many rural minorities have not improved
over the past decade, as poverty rates
for most groups have either remained
the same or increased between 2000
and 2010.
While minorities experience
exceptionally high rates of poverty
proportionate to their population size, it
is important to remember that the vast
majority of rural residents in poverty are
white not Hispanics. More than 6 million
individuals, or 63 percent of rural
persons below the poverty line, are
white not Hispanic.
While some gains have
namely minorities and children. more than one-half million rural
residents who live in poverty.
been made in reducing
Regionally, rural and small town poverty
rates are highest in the South where 19.3 Rural minorities continue to experience
poverty over the past
percent of southerners live in poverty. In some of the highest poverty rates in the several decades, poverty
fact, more than half of all rural and small nation. The poverty rate of rural
town persons in poverty reside in the minorities is more than twice that of rates are still stubbornly
south. Rural and small town poverty rural white not Hispanics, at 28 percent. high for certain
rates are lowest in the Northeast and Rural African Americans have among the
Midwest at 12.9 and 13.6 percent highest poverty rates, at nearly 34 populations in rural
respectively. Approximately 15.4 percent. Similarly, the poverty rate for
percent of rural and small town residents rural Native Americans is also above 30
America
in the West have incomes below the percent, and more than half of all Native
poverty level. Americans in poverty live in rural and
3. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 3
FAST FACTS
16.3%
Overall poverty rate in rural and small town areas of the
United States in 2010
28.7%
Poverty rate for minorities in rural and small town areas
in 2010
10 million
Rural and small town people with incomes below the
poverty line in 2010
4. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 4
Persistently Poor: Long-Term Poverty in Rural America
An increasing number of rural communities are racial and ethnic One highly visible impact of this
communities are experiencing minorities, and the median economic distress can be seen in
persistently high poverty rates. household income is $31,581, more these areas’ poor housing
These areas are often isolated than 40 percent less than the conditions. The incidence of housing
geographically, lack resources and national median. units lacking adequate pluming is
economic opportunities, and suffer more than twice the national rate,
from decades of disinvestment and and nearly 400,000 households in
double- these regions live in crowded
digit conditions. Additionally, while
poverty housing costs are relatively low in
rates. Often forgotten many of these communities, more
or hidden from than half of persistent-
mainstream America, poverty county renters
these areas and encounter affordability
populations have problems and are
had high poverty considered housing cost
rates for decades. burdened.
Persistently poor The continued persistence of
counties are poverty is most evident within
classified as having several predominantly rural
poverty rates of 20 regions and populations such as
percent or more in Central Appalachia, the Lower
1990, 2000, and 2010. Using Mississippi Delta, the southern
this metric, there Black Belt, the Colonias region
were 429 along the U.S.-Mexico border,
persistently Native American lands, and
poor counties in migrant and seasonal
2010. These counties farmworkers.
experiencing long-term poverty
are almost exclusively rural, as 86 There are more than 5 One of the more distressing trends is
percent of persistent poverty million people living below the that the number of persistent
counties have entirely rural poverty line in these counties, with poverty counties is actually
populations. an overall poverty rate of 25 percent increasing. Using the same
-nearly twice the national rate. The benchmark, the number of
Overall, there are more than of 21 poverty rate for minorities in these persistent-poverty counties
million people living in persistent communities is even higher, at 32 increased by 8 percent from the year
poverty counties. Nearly 60 percent percent. 2000 level.
of the population in these
Often forgotten or hidden from mainstream
America, these areas and populations have
had high poverty rates for decades.
5. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 5
10 states with the highest rural & 10 states with the largest number
small town poverty rate, 2010 of rural and small town residents in
poverty, 2010
Mississippi—24.6%
Texas – 728,128
Louisiana—21.3%
North Carolina – 538,247
Kentucky—21.1% ABOUT THE DATA
Georgia—468,900
South Carolina—20.9% Unless otherwise noted, all data
presented in this Research Note are
California—465,930 based on HAC tabulations of the 2006-
New Mexico—20.9%
2010 American Community Survey or
Kentucky—438,129 the Census Bureau’s 2010 Small Area
Georgia—20.8% Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE).
Mississippi—435,220
Arkansas—19.6% For more information on this Research
Note contact the Housing Assistance
Ohio—375,127 Council
Alabama—19.5%
Tennessee—356,661 lance@ruralhome.org
North Carolina—19.1%
202-842-8600
Missouri—325,513
West Virginia—19.0%
Alabama—306,684
6. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 6
Rural poverty and vulnerable populations
Poverty often has the most earning income and taking care of One of the greatest successes in
detrimental impact on people who children—a task challenging even for ameliorating poverty has been
are most vulnerable. Children, who two-adult households. Poverty rates among older Americans. Until recent
cannot fully attend to their own are often extremely high in such decades, older persons in the United
needs, suffer the most from low family situations. The U.S. poverty States experienced poverty rates at
incomes and poverty. Research rate for single-parent families is 32.8 much higher levels than the overall
suggests that children living multiple percent, compared to 6.7 percent for population. However, the
years with unhealthy food, all other families with children. enactment of safety net programs
substandard housing, and unsafe Approximately 4.1 million single- such as Social Security,
living environments, are negatively parent families, 1.2 million of which Supplementary Security Income
impacted in the long term and have live in rural areas, failed to reach the (SSI), and Medicare have helped
reduced economic prospects. While poverty income threshold. reduce the rate of older persons in
the poverty rate for all ages hovers poverty over the past half century.
at 13 percent, it is estimated that Female-headed households make up In the mid-1960s, nearly 30 percent
nearly 19 percent of children under the largest proportion of single- of seniors in the United States were
the age of 18 live in poverty. In rural parent families, and they often suffer in poverty. In 2010, less than 10
and small town communities the the highest levels of poverty. Rural, percent of persons age 65 nationally
child poverty rate increases to 22
percent and is even higher for rural
children under age 5, at 26 percent.
Similar to national patterns, minority
children experience poverty at
greater rates than white not
Hispanics. The poverty rate for rural
minority children is nearly 20
percentage points higher than for
rural white not Hispanic children, at
36 percent. For some groups child
poverty is even more extreme, as an
astounding 45 percent of African
American children in rural
communities are estimated to live in
poverty.
Poverty rates also vary by gender.
Approximately 15 percent of rural female single-parent families in had incomes below the poverty
men are in poverty, while the overall particular experience poverty at level. However, rural seniors
poverty rate for rural women is 18 exceptionally high levels. The experience higher poverty than
percent. Female-headed families American Community Survey (ACS) seniors nationwide. Again, older
with children often struggle the most estimates that 45 percent of rural women experience higher poverty
to meet basic needs. In these female single-parent families are in rates than their male counterparts.
families, a single parent typically poverty. Overall, 14 percent of elderly women
shoulders the responsibility of both have poverty level incomes.
7. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 7
POVERTY BY LOCATION, 2010
Source: HAC Tabulations of 2006-2010 American Community Survey
Persons and Families With Below Poverty Incomes
Small Town & Rural Suburban & Exurban Urban United States
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FAMILIES (TOTAL) 1,980,465 11.8 2,835,766 7.5 2,869,114 13.3 7,685,345 10.1
With Related Child Under 18 1,494,439 19.4 2,222,517 11.7 2,298,242 20.0 6,015,198 15.7
With Related Child Under 5 327,847 23.4 456,407 13.2 452,215 19.0 1,236,469 17.1
Female-Headed With Related Child Under 18 876,861 45.5 1,349,671 32.8 1,432,403 38.4 3,658,935 37.4
Female-Headed With Related Child Under 5 203,907 57.2 284,405 42.2 280,302 43.3 768,614 45.8
PERSONS (TOTAL) 10,018,664 16.3 14,837,958 10.5 16,060,891 17.3 40,917,513 13.8
18 Years Old and Over 6,634,902 14.2 9,666,674 9.1 10,635,440 15.0 26,937,016 12.1
65 Years Old and Over 1,023,513 10.9 1,266,276 7.2 1,264,502 12.0 3,554,291 9.5
Related Child Under 18 Years 3,291,861 22.3 5,023,012 14.0 5,325,962 24.4 13,640,835 18.8
Related Child 5 to 17 Years 2,211,411 20.5 3,401,679 12.9 3,608,762 23.4 9,221,852 17.5
Unrelated Individuals 15 Years and Over 3,178,832 29.9 4,798,344 21.8 5,483,377 25.5 13,460,553 24.8
8. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 8
RURAL AND SMALL TOWN POVERTY BY STATE, 2010
Persons for whom Persons with below
State poverty is determined poverty income Percent
Alabama 1,572,562 306,684 19.5
Alaska 337,384 37,166 11.0
Arizona 1,103,566 204,166 18.5
Arkansas 1,398,660 273,917 19.6
California 2,779,686 465,930 16.8
Colorado 810,648 95,073 11.7
Connecticut 188,429 20,941 11.1
Delaware 186,846 21,985 11.8
Florida 1,447,911 253,882 17.5
Georgia 2,259,014 468,900 20.8
Hawaii 410,308 46,110 11.2
Idaho 613,290 93,220 15.2
Illinois 1,914,109 259,958 13.6
Indiana 1,708,671 223,698 13.1
Iowa 1,522,417 165,597 10.9
Kansas 1,224,157 160,797 13.1
Kentucky 2,078,631 438,129 21.1
Louisiana 1,403,812 298,920 21.3
Maine 681,793 94,053 13.8
Maryland 413,835 44,104 10.7
Massachusetts 208,845 25,198 12.1
Michigan 1,852,173 291,024 15.7
Minnesota 1,630,056 192,899 11.8
Mississippi 1,768,985 435,220 24.6
Missouri 1,951,150 325,513 16.7
Montana 671,874 98,237 14.6
Nebraska 807,230 92,709 11.5
Nevada 295,751 33,194 11.2
New Hampshire 483,297 45,113 9.3
New Jersey 126,727 14,701 11.6
New Mexico 816,633 170,807 20.9
New York 1,934,428 277,393 14.3
North Carolina 2,820,663 538,247 19.1
North Dakota 369,488 42,702 11.6
Ohio 2,496,325 375,127 15.0
Oklahoma 1,573,324 286,088 18.2
Oregon 1,145,078 172,302 15.0
Pennsylvania 2,275,091 287,972 12.7
Rhode Island 22,511 1,653 7.3
South Carolina 1,271,075 265,934 20.9
South Dakota 496,353 76,387 15.4
Tennessee 1,902,061 356,661 18.8
Texas 4,006,746 728,128 18.2
Utah 471,201 53,431 11.3
Vermont 427,561 49,357 11.5
Virginia 1,453,450 216,978 14.9
Washington 1,064,799 176,067 16.5
West Virginia 934,323 177,344 19.0
Wisconsin 1,808,266 199,956 11.1
Wyoming 396,892 39,092 9.8
TOTAL 61,538,085 10,018,664 16.3
9. HAC RURAL RESEARCH NOTE | June 2012 9
The Housing Assistance Council
is a national
nonprofit organization that supports affordable
housing efforts in rural areas of the United States.
HAC provides technical housing services, seed
money loans from a revolving fund, housing
program and policy assistance, and research and
information services. HAC is an equal opportunity
lender.
HAC
Rural
Research
Note
1025 Vermont Avenue NW
Suite 606
Washington, DC 20005
202-842-8600
www.ruralhome.org
Southeast Office Midwest Office Southwest Office Western Office
600 W Peachtree St., N.W. 10920 Ambassador Dr. 3939 San Pedro, N.E. 717 K Street
Suite 1500 Suite 220 Suite C-7 Suite 404
Atlanta, GA 30308 Kansas City, MO 64153 Albuquerque, NM 87110 Sacramento, CA 95814
Tel.: 404-892-4824 Tel.: 816-880-0400 Tel.: 505-883-1003 Tel.: 916-706-1836
Fax: 404-892-1204 Fax: 816-880-0500 Fax: 505-883-1005 Fax: 916-706-1849
southeast@ruralhome.org midwest@ruralhome.org southwest@ruralhome.org western@ruralhome.org