Poverty alleviation program of Nepal and food insecurity

1. Poverty Alleviation Program And
Food Insecurity Control Strategy
Presented
by
3/22/2018 1

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendations
 References
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3. Introduction
 Nepal is one of the poorest countries of the
world and ranks as the 19th poorest countries
in the world in 2015 as reported in the Global
Finance Magazine.
 Nepal’s GNI per capita income is $730 (World
Bank, 2015).
 According to the Central Bureau of Statistics
(CBS) income poverty in Nepal is 26.16 per
cent in 2011.
 It indicates that about 26 persons are below the
poverty line out of every hundred.
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4.  Over 30 per cent of Nepalese live on less than
US$14 per person, per month, (CBS).
 At the end of the fiscal year 2069/70 the
income poverty fell down to 23.8 percent(CBS).
 However, due to the devastating earth quake of
April 2015 the poverty rate has slightly
increased.
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5. Income poverty and its distribution
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1996 2004 2011
89
77.3
57.3
68
53.1
24.8
41.8
30.9
25.2
$2 per day
$1.25 per day
national poverty
line
Poverty incidence
Percentofpopulation

6. Objectives
General Objective
 To review available literature to find out poverty
alleviation program and food insecurity control
strategy
Specific Objective
 To review the poverty alleviation program and
activities run by government, NGOs/INGOs in
Nepal
 To find out the scenario of food insecurity in Nepal
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7. Methodology
 First of all we discuss about the content and
divide it into different parts and study separately.
And at the end we all combine our findings and
edited it.
 The information was collected by consulting
various webpages of various organizations.
Likewise, we took the help of the search engine
like goggle scholar, PubMed, etc to find out the
subject matter of inquiry.
 We have analyzed information and datas from
the articles and journals which are exactly
related to our topic. The keyword used are
“poverty, alleviation, food insecurity’’.3/22/2018 7

8. Poverty Alleviation Program
 Giving special priority to the poverty alleviation
programs the GoN formed Ministry of
Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation (MoCPA)
on 2069 Jestha 5 to look after the poverty
related functions of the GoN.
 The major responsibilities assigned to this
ministry is mainly to relate and assist in the
economic development of the country through
the development of cooperative and that of
poverty alleviation programs related and its
implementation.
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9.  However, the government alone cannot meet
the numerous needs of the people by reaching
the grass-roots level.
 Therefore, the government should be
substantiated or supplemented by the people
organizations to reach effectively to the grass-
root level.
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10. Findings
 The Government of Nepal created poverty
alleviation fund (PAF) to reduce extreme poverty
in Nepal and build a democratic, just, equitable
and sustainable society in 2003AD.
 Poverty alleviation Fund(PAF) is a community
driven development program which is in line
with the 14th periodic plan of the government.
 The project aimed to bring traditionally excluded
communities into the mainstream of
development, by providing poor and
disadvantaged groups with direct access to
resources.
 “The Project’s development objective is ‘to
support Government of Nepal in implementing a
new, targeted instrument—the Poverty
Alleviation Fund—for reaching poor and3/22/2018 10

11.  It aims to improve access to income-generating
projects and community infrastructure for the
groups that have tended to be excluded by reasons
of gender, ethnicity, and caste, as well as for the
poorest groups in rural communities.”
 PAF intends to improve living conditions, livelihoods
and empowerment among the rural poor, with
particular attention to groups that have traditionally
been excluded by reasons of gender, ethnicity,
caste and location.
 Currently PAF is working in the 55 districts of Nepal.
PAF creates community organizations (COs) to
implement its programs in which NGOs are
involved for capacity building of COs.
 NGOs from community and rural development
sector as the NGOs directly related to poverty
alleviation sector.
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12. The number of NGOs under community and rural
development sector by fiscal year is presented
below
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2067/68 2068/69 2069/70 2070/71 2071/72
49
70
57
64
43
NGOs obtained Approval from SWC for community and
Rural Development Sector
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13. 14
19
21
13
7
5
23
9
25
28
17
31
12
33
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
No of NGOs according to their activities
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14. Social mobilization
 The objective of the social mobilization is to
create awareness among the community
people (poor women, Dalit and Janajati), help
them to organize, empower them for decision-
making so that they can identify and prioritize
their needs.
 It is also expected to build up capacity for
preparation, implementation, operation and
management of community subprojects to
enhance their livelihoods.
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15. Capacity building
 The poor have very little capacity to access
different resources, and also to work in multisector
programme.
 PAF believes capacity building is the endevour to
increase knowledge and skill for a definite
purpose, which improves, change and moulds
one's knowledge, skill, behavior and attitude
towards the maximum possible output/
performance.
 PAF helps to support 'Capacity Building' on
community level, partner organization level and
PAF level as well.3/22/2018 15

16. Income generation
 Income generation by self-employment or small
businesses creates rural employment.
 PAF provides longitudinal services in skill
development, business literacy, technology,
access to credit and sale.
 For income generating activities, PAF provides
90 % to COs to launch activities, exclusively for
the target groups.
 The groups or CO members borrow money from
CO's Revolving Fund in the form of loan to
launch Income Generating Activities (IGAs).
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17. Rural community infrastructure
 PAF promotes access to the target communities
empowering and helping them to develop social and
economic community infrastructures.
 The purpose of RCI includes Infrastructures which
contribute to improving basic health conditions
especially of women, children and vulnerable
groups such as drinking water, sanitation facilities,
alternative source of energy, agriculture production,
primary schools, health posts, road, bridges and
community buildings etc.
 Community themselves identify, demand, take part
in planning, implementation, operation and
maintenance of community infrastructure.
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18. Innovation and special programme
 PAF executes its regular programme in 40
districts (out of 75 districts) in Nepal that are the
lowest in the Human Development Index based
on 28 different Indicators.
 PAF has financed 25 innovative projects under
Nepal Development Market Place (NDM) 2008
such as promotion of Yak through tourism,
customery business, mushroom and organic
vegetable production etc.
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19. Earthquake response program
 PAF is working in the 14 earthquake-affected
districts namely Dolakha, Dhading, Gorkha,
Khotang, Lamjug, Makawanpur, Nuwakot,
Sindhupalchowk, Okhaldhunga, Rasuwa,
Ramechhap, Sindhuli, and Solukhumbu.
 In these districts, PAF supports to the government
in its rehabilitation program by carry out program
intervention as well as damage and needs
assessment, conduct training, and facilitate the
affected population to reconstruct their houses in
accordance with the construction guidelines of
the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA).
 Under the Earthquake Response Program of PAF,
the target communities are poor rural and urban
people with special emphasis on women, Dalits,
and other ethnic minorities and vulnerable3/22/2018 19

20. Food Insecurity
 It is defined as “‘limited or uncertain availability
of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or
limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable
foods in socially acceptable ways”.
 A root cause of food insecurity is poverty as poor
households lack the resources required to
access sufficient nutritious food to live a healthy
active life.
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21.  Nepal is a low-income country where about 40%
of its population lives on less than a dollar ($)
per day.
 Household food insecurity(HFI) is widely
prevalent in Nepal where 45 of the 75 districts
were considered to be food deficient and two-
thirds of the households in Kailali district had
some degree of food insecurity.
 In developing countries, women and girls are
the most susceptible to the impacts of food
insecurity because they have less access to and
control over resources than men.
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22. Percent distribution of households by
level of food insecurity
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
food secure mildly food insecure moderately food insecure severly food insecure
67%
54%
10%
17%
14%
20%
9% 9%
46%
39%
12%
24% 25% 26%
17%
12%
urban rural
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Source:NDHS 2011,2016

23. Percent distribution of food
insecurity in federal system
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Source:NDHS 2016

24.  The Agriculture and Food Security Project
(AFSP) build Country Investment Plan (CIP) to
comprehensively address agriculture and food
security issues.
 WFP works to prevent chronic malnutrition and
provides school meals to 190,000 children.
 FAO
i. provides food and nutrition security and
safety.
ii. Institutional and policy support
iii. Market orientation and competitiveness
iv. Natural resource conservation and utilization
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Food security
programme

25.  GAFSP ensure
i. Agricultural productivity
ii. Household incomes
iii. Awareness about health and nutrition.
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26. Food insecurity control
 To control food insecurity first, we have to
know about food security.
 Food security is defined by the WHO as,
"when all people at all times have access to
sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a
healthy and active life" (World Health
Organization).
 Achieving food security is a significant and
growing challenge in the developing world
and highly critical to alleviating poverty.3/22/2018 26

27.  An individual/household is considered to be food
secure if food is:
 Available (food is produced or sold within a
reasonable distance)
 Accessible (food is affordable and physically
present)
 Stable (food access is not affected by seasonal
disturbances or warfare)
 Usable (food is safe and will not cause harm to
the consumer)
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28. Strategies
 Increasing the availability of food by sustainably
increasing agricultural production and
productivity.
 Improving access to food by meeting immediate
food needs and addressing longer term
accessibility through sustainable livelihoods.
 Increasing availability and access to quality
nutrious food by diversifying diets.
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29.  Increasing stability of food security by
strengthening sustainable management of the
food value chain.
 Supporting improved governance of the global
food system for increased coherence,
coordination, and accountability on food security
issues at the national, regional, and international
levels.
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30. Conclusion
 Although, the government of Nepal have laid
their special emphasis on poverty alleviation the
result is not as expected.
 Anti - poverty programs are concentrated on
urban areas.
 Partnership between the government and the
NGO does not seem to be effective in achieving
the expected result.
 Food insecurity is linked with poverty so to
alleviate poverty food security should be
ensured.
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31. Recommendations
 The government of Nepal should give special
priority on poverty alleviation program in rural
areas.
 The performance of NGOs should be judged
in terms of their contribution on poverty
alleviation.
 It is found that only few INGOs are working in
the poverty alleviation sector directly so,
INGOs need to pay attention in prioritized
sector of GoN like poverty alleviation.
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32.  Social Welfare Council(SWC) need to create a
fund through which poverty alleviation
programs could be implemented through NGOs
on the competitive basis.
 PAF should continue capacity development
trainings related to leadership and group
management.
 The government of Nepal should distribute food
to the vulnerable groups.
 Crop diseases and pests should be prevented
by applying modern technology.
 Agricultural productivity should be increased.
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33. References
 CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics) (2011).
Nepal Living StandardsSsurvey 2010/11. vol
one. CBS.
 UNDP (2015). Human Development Report.
UNDP
 World Bank (2016). World Development
Indicators. The World Bank.
 Gurung, A; O. P. Gurung; R. Karki & R. Bista
(2011). “Impact of Nongovernmental
Organizations in the Rural Community
Development: A Case Study from the Trans
Himayan Region of Nepal.” International
Journal of Applied Sociology. 1(1). 1-7.
 Nepal Demographic and health survey3/22/2018 33

34.  Bastola, M. K. (2015). “Government – NGO
partnership in community Development in Nepal: A
Case of Kathmandu”. South Asian Journal of
Policy and Governance. Vol 37, No. 2.
 Dhakal, T. N. (2000). “Policy Perspective of NGOs
Operation in Nepal” in Development NGOs facing
the 21st century perspective from South Asia.
Kathmandu: Institute of Human Development.
 Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), New
ERA, and ICF International Inc. 2012.
Nepal.Demographic and Health Survey, 2011.
Kathmandu, Nepal: MOHP, New ERA, and ICF
International.
 Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP). 2015a.
Annual Report 2015/2016. Kathmandu,
Nepal:MOHP. 3/22/2018 34

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