course material

1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay Assignment Paper
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay Assignment PaperPosttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that requires proper diagnosis and treatment to improve
patient outcomes (Bisson et al., 2016). The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria are utilized to
determine PTSD, which then guides the client's therapy options. Following Joe's practical
example of an eight-year-old boy, this essay investigates PSTD diagnosis criteria as well as
therapy strategies.The Neurobiological Explanation for PTSDPTSD neuroscience is
comprised of the neurobiological system's neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and
neuroanatomical foundations. According to Bisson et al. (2016), the hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis is important in coordinating the body's ability to respond to stress. The
neurological system's response to stress begins in the hypothalamus, where corticotrophin
hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(Ibrahim & Hassan, 2017). The hormone also boosts glucocorticoid synthesis, which acts as
a negative feedback system, lowering stress reactions. Excessive stress and chronic cortisol
release impair the hippocampus of the brain, causing neuroplasty and neurogenesis
impairment.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE The neurochemistry, on the other
hand, is involved with the regulation of peptides, opioid neurotransmitters, catecholamines,
and amino acids, all of which are involved in the dread and stress responses. The primary
catecholamines implicated in PSTD are norepinephrine and dopamine. Catecholamine levels
rise in persons suffering from PTSD (Shalev et al., 2017). The amygdala and the
hippocampus are two primary brain modifications that increase the likelihood of
developing PTSD. Alterations in the coordination of the brain's circuitry influence the
development of PTSD.The DSM-5 Diagnostic Requirements in PSTDA number of DSM-5
elements are incorporated in the PSTD diagnostic requirements (APA, 2013). The first
criterion is that there be an instance of trauma, which in Joe's case was an MVA while
accompanying his father. The patient must have a persistent and permanent recall of the
traumatic incident, according to the second condition (Pai et al, 2017; APA, 2013). Joe had
several memories, dreams, and musings of the terror that he and his dad had
experienced.As a third criterion, the client must demonstrate hyper-arousal responses. In
the video, Joe exhibited disrupted sleep schedules; agitation, attention issues, and was
belligerent, clashing with relatives and colleagues. The client must also be suffering
unfavorable mood reactions, according to the last condition (Pai et al, 2017; APA, 2013). Joe,
the example study's subject, had cognitive disability, negative feelings, and interpersonal
problems.The video shows the prerequisites for receiving a PSTD assessment vividly. The

2. video illustrates various scenarios that represent trauma-like situations, as well as how Joe
responded after the terrible occurrence, which also included cognitive alterations, different
sleeping habits, and animosity, especially when reminded of the same incident. The data
available is sufficient for a diagnosis of PTSD.Available Treatment Options for
Psychotherapy Prolonged counseling engagement is my preferred psychotherapeutic
therapy of choice. Extended therapeutic contact is the first line of treatment for anyone
suffering from PTSD, especially children, veterans, and grownups (Fan et al., 2015). In the
management of PTSD clients, prolonged exposure therapy is backed by scientific proof and
professional recommendations. Prolonged exposure therapy can help individuals with
PTSD symptoms like hopelessness, fury, and anxiety. Clients get remedies such as in-vivo
interaction, imaginal exposure, emotional processing, and psychosocial interventions
throughout prolonged exposure treatment.ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association
[APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed.
Author.Bisson, J. I., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., & Roberts, N. P. (2016). Post-traumatic stress
disorder. BMJ, 351. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6161Fan, F., Long, K., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Y.,
& Liu, X. (2015). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychological Medicine,
45(13), 2885–2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715000884Grande, T. (2019).
Presentation example: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [YouTube Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkSv_zPH-M4Ibrahim, H., & Hassan, C.Q. (2017). Post-
traumatic stress disorder symptoms resulting from torture and other traumatic events
among Syrian Kurdish refugees in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 241.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00241Pai, A., Suris, A. M., & North, C.S. (2017).
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, change, and conceptual
considerations. Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7010007Shalev,
A., Liberzon, I., & Marmar, C. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder. New England Journal of
Medicine, 376(25), 2459-2469. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1612499Posttraumatic
Stress DisorderNeurobiological BasisPTSD has complicated neurobiology that incorporates
several parts of the brain system. During times of stress, the amygdala serves as a warning
mechanism. Because of this, the sympathetic nervous system, as well as the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis, are both activated. As soon as this activation takes place, the mind
and the body undergo a series of transformations. This assists a person in regulating their
responses to the stimulus. A surge in pulse rate, blood sugar, and blood pressure is
triggered by monoamine neurotransmitters released by the adrenal glands (Lanius & Olff,
2017). This occurs as a direct result of the body having entered into a state of worry and
anxiety at this point. There are neuropeptides that produce cortisol, and the hypothalamus
is responsible for initiating the transmission of them (Lanius & Olff, 2017). This reduces the
brain's reaction to stress by calming the receptors.ORDER YOUR PAPER TODAYDSM-5
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptomology for the Case PresentationDirect or indirect exposure
to a traumatic incident is one of the DSM-5 criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, along
with the presence of symptoms falling into one of four categories: changes in alertness and
responsiveness, negative changes in thoughts and emotions, avoidance, and intrusion
(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Additionally, the manifestations must have

3. persisted for at least a month, lead to significant distress or impair daily functioning, and
should not be the result of some other illness or the use of substances.The video case
presentation satisfies all of the necessary requirements for making a diagnosis of PTSD for
the patient. As a young child, Joe had an accident and exhibited intrusive recollections of it.
In addition to this, he often had nightmares and found it difficult to fall or stay asleep. It got
to the point that he would physically assault his peers, his older siblings, and even his
tutors.Psychotherapy Treatment OptionsPsychotherapy options for PTSD include EMDR
and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). EMDR is a therapy that may assist
individuals in processing distressing memories, thoughts, and emotions connected to
traumatic experiences (Wilson et al., 2018). Processing these events is one way to alleviate
the symptoms of PTSD. Conversely, trauma-focused CBT is one of the most successful
methods of treatment for PTSD, especially in adolescents and children. It has repeatedly
shown its efficacy by assisting patients who have suffered trauma to conquer the negative
consequences that were brought on by traumatic experiences in the past (Watkins et al.,
2018).ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc, 21(21), 591-643.Lanius, R., & Olff, M.
(2017). The neurobiology of PTSD. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1),
1314165. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1314165Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., &
Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A review of evidence-based psychotherapy
interventions. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258Wilson, G., Farrell, D., Barron, I., Hutchins, J.,
Whybrow, D., & Kiernan, M. D. (2018). The use of eye-movement desensitization
reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder—A systematic
narrative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00923It
is estimated that more almost 7% of the U.S. population will experience posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) in their lifetime (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017). This
debilitating disorder often interferes with an individual’s ability to function in daily life.
Common symptoms of anxiousness and depression frequently lead to behavioral issues,
adolescent substance abuse issues, and even physical ailments. For this Assignment, you
examine a PTSD video case study and consider how you might assess and treat clients
presenting with PTSD.To prepare:Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the
insights they provide about diagnosing and treating PTSD.View the media Presentation
Example: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and assess the client in the case study.For
guidance on assessing the client, refer to Chapter 3 of the Wheeler text.Note: To complete
this Assignment, you must assess the client, but you are not required to submit a formal
comprehensive client assessment. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay Assignment
PaperThe AssignmentSuccinctly, in 1–2 pages, address the following:Briefly explain the
neurobiological basis for PTSD illness.Discuss the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD
and relate these criteria to the symptomology presented in the case study. Does the video
case presentation provide sufficient information to derive a PTSD diagnosis? Justify your
reasoning. Do you agree with the other diagnoses in the case presentation? Why or why
not?Discuss one other psychotherapy treatment option for the client in this case study.
Explain whether your treatment option is considered a “gold standard treatment” from a

4. clinical practice guideline perspective, and why using gold standard, evidence-based
treatments from clinical practice guidelines is important for psychiatric-mental health
nurse practitioners.Support your Assignment with specific examples from this week’s
media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your
supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder Essay Assignment Paper