Post-colonialism in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•250 views
An academic presentation of Paper No. 14 - African Literature. In this presentation I've talked about the post colonialism with reference to the novel Waiting for the Barbarians. Date Presented: 27/04/2021 Mode of Presentation: Online, via Google Meet
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Critical Analysis Of "The Waiting For Barbarians"
This document provides background information on J.M. Coetzee and analyzes his novel "Waiting for the Barbarians". It discusses Coetzee's background and accomplishments. It then summarizes the characters of Colonel Joll, the Magistrate, and the Barbarian Girl. Several symbols in the novel are also analyzed like the Empire, the barbarian tribes, and the blank page. It explores how the term "barbarians" is used in the novel to critique imperialism and how both sides can exhibit barbaric behavior.
Sem 2 ppt 4
Gayatri Spivak developed the theory of the subaltern, which refers to marginalized or oppressed groups who are denied a voice within society. She argues that subaltern groups, such as colonized people and women, cannot represent themselves due to the structures of power that silence them. Examples discussed in the document include the characters of Eklavya and Karna from Indian literature who faced caste-based oppression and were subaltern figures. The document provides context on Spivak's influential theoretical framework for understanding marginalized communities that lack political agency.
Wordsworth view on Theme and Subject matter of poetry.
This presentation is a part of my academic presentation Literary Theory & Criticism Department of English M.k. Bhavnagar University and it is submitted to Pro. Dr. Dilip Barad.
Preface to shakespeare
Samuel Johnson wrote the preface to Shakespeare in which he analyzed Shakespeare's style and greatness. Johnson acknowledged Shakespeare had faults alongside his excellences. Three main faults Johnson discussed were: 1) inclusion of evil characters, 2) disregard for time and place settings, 3) loose plots. Johnson was the first to objectively analyze Shakespeare's works, acknowledging both strengths and weaknesses. He agreed with the unity of action but objected to strict adherence to the unities of time and place, especially for history plays. Overall, Johnson provided a classic critical analysis of Shakespeare's works that was original for its time.
Magic Realism in Midnights children
Salman Rushdie uses magic realism in his novel Midnight's Children to tell the story of India's independence. The main character, Saleem Sinai, is born at midnight on August 15th, 1947, when India gains independence. He and other children born at that moment have special supernatural powers. Rushdie blends realistic historical events with magical elements to reflect how independence was experienced on an individual level. Saleem acts as a telepathic link between hundreds of children with gifts, trying to understand their purpose and connection to India's fate. Magic realism allows Rushdie to incorporate indigenous worldviews and critique the effects of colonialism on post-independence India.
Concept of "We" and "others" in Waiting for Barbarians
This document provides a summary of the novel "Waiting for the Barbarians" by John Maxwell Coetzee. It discusses the key themes of "We" and "Other" explored in the novel between the Empire and the Barbarians. The Empire, represented by "We", tortures and brutally investigates the Barbarians, represented as "Other", in an attempt to eliminate their otherness and expand its borders. However, the Magistrate comes to see the Barbarians as harmless people and criticizes the Empire's unjust treatment of them. The novel examines the difference in perspective between how the Empire and Barbarians view each other and the land.
Gayatri Spivak and Subaltern
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak and her work on subaltern studies. It discusses that Spivak is an influential intellectual who argues that subaltern groups cannot speak for themselves due to the structures of colonial power that oppress them. The document also defines subaltern as those who are oppressed and subordinate due to class, gender, race and culture. It summarizes several of Spivak's key works and contributions to postcolonial and feminist theory.
Willing suspension of disbelief by samuel taylor coleridge
Willing suspension of disbelief is a term coined by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It would mean suspend one's critical faculties and believe the unbelievable; sacrifice of realism and logic for the sake of judgement.
Recommended
Critical Analysis Of "The Waiting For Barbarians"
This document provides background information on J.M. Coetzee and analyzes his novel "Waiting for the Barbarians". It discusses Coetzee's background and accomplishments. It then summarizes the characters of Colonel Joll, the Magistrate, and the Barbarian Girl. Several symbols in the novel are also analyzed like the Empire, the barbarian tribes, and the blank page. It explores how the term "barbarians" is used in the novel to critique imperialism and how both sides can exhibit barbaric behavior.
Sem 2 ppt 4
Gayatri Spivak developed the theory of the subaltern, which refers to marginalized or oppressed groups who are denied a voice within society. She argues that subaltern groups, such as colonized people and women, cannot represent themselves due to the structures of power that silence them. Examples discussed in the document include the characters of Eklavya and Karna from Indian literature who faced caste-based oppression and were subaltern figures. The document provides context on Spivak's influential theoretical framework for understanding marginalized communities that lack political agency.
Wordsworth view on Theme and Subject matter of poetry.
This presentation is a part of my academic presentation Literary Theory & Criticism Department of English M.k. Bhavnagar University and it is submitted to Pro. Dr. Dilip Barad.
Preface to shakespeare
Samuel Johnson wrote the preface to Shakespeare in which he analyzed Shakespeare's style and greatness. Johnson acknowledged Shakespeare had faults alongside his excellences. Three main faults Johnson discussed were: 1) inclusion of evil characters, 2) disregard for time and place settings, 3) loose plots. Johnson was the first to objectively analyze Shakespeare's works, acknowledging both strengths and weaknesses. He agreed with the unity of action but objected to strict adherence to the unities of time and place, especially for history plays. Overall, Johnson provided a classic critical analysis of Shakespeare's works that was original for its time.
Magic Realism in Midnights children
Salman Rushdie uses magic realism in his novel Midnight's Children to tell the story of India's independence. The main character, Saleem Sinai, is born at midnight on August 15th, 1947, when India gains independence. He and other children born at that moment have special supernatural powers. Rushdie blends realistic historical events with magical elements to reflect how independence was experienced on an individual level. Saleem acts as a telepathic link between hundreds of children with gifts, trying to understand their purpose and connection to India's fate. Magic realism allows Rushdie to incorporate indigenous worldviews and critique the effects of colonialism on post-independence India.
Concept of "We" and "others" in Waiting for Barbarians
This document provides a summary of the novel "Waiting for the Barbarians" by John Maxwell Coetzee. It discusses the key themes of "We" and "Other" explored in the novel between the Empire and the Barbarians. The Empire, represented by "We", tortures and brutally investigates the Barbarians, represented as "Other", in an attempt to eliminate their otherness and expand its borders. However, the Magistrate comes to see the Barbarians as harmless people and criticizes the Empire's unjust treatment of them. The novel examines the difference in perspective between how the Empire and Barbarians view each other and the land.
Gayatri Spivak and Subaltern
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak and her work on subaltern studies. It discusses that Spivak is an influential intellectual who argues that subaltern groups cannot speak for themselves due to the structures of colonial power that oppress them. The document also defines subaltern as those who are oppressed and subordinate due to class, gender, race and culture. It summarizes several of Spivak's key works and contributions to postcolonial and feminist theory.
Willing suspension of disbelief by samuel taylor coleridge
Willing suspension of disbelief is a term coined by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It would mean suspend one's critical faculties and believe the unbelievable; sacrifice of realism and logic for the sake of judgement.
Gynocriticism JOURNAL BY bhawna bhardwaj
Gynocriticism analyzes women's texts to discover what makes them uniquely written by women rather than men. It assumes women are different due to nature, culture, race, and nation, so cannot be universally studied. Gynocriticism seeks to highlight both the differences between female and male texts as well as the originality within women's writing. Elaine Showalter coined the term "gynocritics" and discussed how women's writing has progressed through three stages - subordination, protest, and autonomy - from the 19th to 20th centuries.
Superfanicom The Tenets Of Liberal Humanism
The document outlines 10 tenets of liberal humanism for critically reading texts. The tenets emphasize that meaning and quality are inherent in texts, not imposed externally. Close reading of the actual text is important, focusing on the words themselves rather than authorial intent or outside contexts. Form and content should work as a coherent whole. The text should communicate ideas through its best words and images without unnecessary artifice. Criticism aims to make a work's inherent message clearer for readers.
Key concepts of Postcolonial literature
Postcolonial literature addresses the problems and consequences of decolonization, especially questions relating to political and cultural independence. It gives voice to marginal identities that were previously sidelined in history but come to the center through retelling history from a postcolonial perspective. Key terms include decolonialism, commonwealth literature, postcolonial feminism, racism, orientalism, and hybridity. Postcolonial feminism examines how colonialism operates differently for men and women. Orientalism refers to how the West imagines and distorts Arab cultures. Hybridity describes the creation of new transcultural forms from the contact of colonization.
Preface to Lyrical Ballads
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Long Day's Journey Into Night as Tragedy
This document provides an analysis of Eugene O'Neill's play "Long Day's Journey into Night" and whether it can be considered a tragedy or modern tragedy. It discusses the play's semi-autobiographical nature and basic plot. Key elements of tragedy according to Aristotle are described such as hamartia, or tragic flaw. The document analyzes the flawed characters in the play and whether it meets the criteria of a tragedy in having protagonists with flaws that bring about their downfall. While missing a single protagonist, the play explores themes of tragedy through a dysfunctional family and leaves the resolution ambiguous, making it considered a modern tragedy.
The Study of Poetry - Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold viewed poetry as the "criticism of life" that is governed by poetic truth and beauty. He believed the best poetry has seriousness of substance combined with superior style and diction. Arnold analyzed poets using his "touchstone method" of comparison and advocated for disinterested criticism. However, critics argue he did not always practice disinterested criticism and overemphasized morality. Overall, Arnold made significant contributions to literary criticism through his analysis of poets and emphasis on poetry's relationship to interpreting life.
Myths in The waste Land
The document discusses myths used in T.S. Eliot's poem "The Waste Land". It analyzes the myths of vegetation, Phlebas, Tiresias, the Sibyl, the Fisher King, and the Holy Grail. These myths represent themes of rebirth, prophecy, spiritual decay, and the quest to restore meaning and fertility to the wasteland of the modern world. Eliot employs ancient myths to both illuminate and critique modern life and culture through allusions in his famous modernist poem.
Biographia literaria
This document provides a summary of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1817 work Biographia Literaria. It discusses that the work is a critical text divided into 24 chapters where Coleridge presents his views on the nature and functions of poetry. Specifically, it examines Coleridge's definition of a poem as an "organic whole" and his distinction between imagination and fancy. It also analyzes Coleridge's concept of primary imagination as the living power that mimics divine creation and shapes perception, as well as his description of the imagination's "esemplastic" ability to shape disparate ideas into one coherent whole.
Preface to lyrical ballads
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Themes of Heart of darkness
This document provides an overview of the major themes in Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness, as analyzed in a student presentation. It defines what a theme is and discusses 12 themes found in the novella, including racism, deception, uncertainty, religion, darkness, sanity and insanity, alienation, violence and cruelty, duty and responsibility, illness, and the absurdity of evil. An introduction provides background on Conrad and the novella's focus on the dark side of human nature reflected in the main character Kurtz.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
Heart of Darkness - Autobiographical elements... ele...
Conrad took a journey to the Congo in 1890 that greatly influenced his novel Heart of Darkness. During his journey, Conrad accompanied Henry Morton Stanley and witnessed firsthand the colonial exploitation of the Congo. Conrad had an unpleasant experience, finding it difficult to withstand the climate and seeing Europeans speak ill of one another. His journey resembled Marlow's journey in the novel, and some characters like Mr. Kurtz's predecessor Klein were based on people Conrad met. Both Conrad and Marlow experienced disillusionment upon observing the treatment of natives and felt a sense of enlightenment and crisis. Overall, Heart of Darkness drew heavily from Conrad's own experiences and mental state, making Marlow a mouthpiece for Conrad's views
Things fall apart as p.col. presentation
I have prepared the slides on the Novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, now you can understand this novel in very easy way.
Humanism in Literary Theory
Humanism in Literary Theory discusses various thinkers' perspectives on art and criticism from Plato to Matthew Arnold. Key points include:
Plato viewed art as inferior copies of ideal forms and a threat to social order. Aristotle saw art as conveying truth through concrete examples and changing forms. Horace said art should be both sweet and useful. Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Bacon viewed art as providing instruction and pleasure by presenting an idealized version of reality. Later critics like Samuel Johnson assessed art based on its moral message and effects. Matthew Arnold felt criticism should objectively judge literary quality.
Mourning becomes Electra - Kaushal Desai Presentation
The presentation of "Mourning becomes Electra" presented at MKBU Department of English for M.A external guidance lectures. The presentation contains every aspects which play explores. It will be fruitful to grasp the concepts of the play by this presentation.
Modren drama by nageen akhtar
Modern drama developed in 3 phases: 1) G.B. Shaw plays focused on marriage, justice, and reform; 2) Irish movement expressed hope for Irish people; 3) T.S. Eliot's poetic dramas were inspired by Elizabethan works. Realism and dealing with real life problems were important features. Ibsen popularized realism. Modern drama was also a drama of ideas used to spread ideas in society and touch human emotions. Other features included romanticism, expressionism in Germany/England, and works by Shaw, Wilde, and Galsworthy.
Narrative style in Waiting For the Barbarians and The Sense of an Ending
This document provides an analysis of narrative techniques used in the novels Waiting for the Barbarians by J.M. Coetzee and The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes. It discusses the unreliable narrators, fragmented narratives, postmodern narrative styles, and themes of truth and memory construction in both novels. The document also compares the narrative devices used, such as dreams, psychoanalytic techniques, and the exploration of dilemmas faced by the protagonists.
Deconstruction : A literary theory
Derrida introduced the theory of deconstruction in 1967, influenced by Heidegger's concept of "de-structuring" philosophical concepts to better understand them. Deconstruction holds that language is arbitrary and meanings are relational and constructed through context. It aims to uncover hidden assumptions and hierarchies in texts by analyzing contradictions and inconsistencies. Deconstruction was a reaction against structuralism and challenged philosophical traditions by expressing what had been marginalized or repressed. It looks for complexity rather than clear meaning or truth.
The concept of Tragedy and Epic.
The concept of Tragedy and Epic according to Aristotle.
The affinity and differences between tragedy and epic.
Irony and symbol in waiting for barbarians
This document provides a summary of the novel "Waiting for Barbarians" by J.M. Coetzee. It discusses the main themes of irony explored in the novel, including the irony of the concept of barbarians, the magistrate's desire for peace, his eventual fate, and perceived charity. It also analyzes symbols like the magistrate's recurring dream and the ideas of blindness represented by Colonel Joll's sunglasses and the barbarian girl's damaged eyes.
Conflict between Civilization and Barbarians
This document summarizes key concepts from J.M. Coetzee's novel "Waiting for Barbarians". It defines civilization and barbarians, and discusses the conflict that arises from the domination of civilization over barbarians. The magistrate harms barbarian people to assert dominance, showing how civilization views barbarians as the "other". Through torture, the empire violates barbarian humanity to impose its ideology. Ultimately, the writer questions who the real danger and barbarians are, realizing that the empire seeks to eliminate otherness while committing crimes against humanity.
Identity and imperialism in the novel "waiting for the barbarians" by J. M. ...
Hello friends, this power point presentation from the African literature and here we try to identify two topics. One is identity and second is imperialism. Thank you!
More Related Content
What's hot
Gynocriticism JOURNAL BY bhawna bhardwaj
Gynocriticism analyzes women's texts to discover what makes them uniquely written by women rather than men. It assumes women are different due to nature, culture, race, and nation, so cannot be universally studied. Gynocriticism seeks to highlight both the differences between female and male texts as well as the originality within women's writing. Elaine Showalter coined the term "gynocritics" and discussed how women's writing has progressed through three stages - subordination, protest, and autonomy - from the 19th to 20th centuries.
Superfanicom The Tenets Of Liberal Humanism
The document outlines 10 tenets of liberal humanism for critically reading texts. The tenets emphasize that meaning and quality are inherent in texts, not imposed externally. Close reading of the actual text is important, focusing on the words themselves rather than authorial intent or outside contexts. Form and content should work as a coherent whole. The text should communicate ideas through its best words and images without unnecessary artifice. Criticism aims to make a work's inherent message clearer for readers.
Key concepts of Postcolonial literature
Postcolonial literature addresses the problems and consequences of decolonization, especially questions relating to political and cultural independence. It gives voice to marginal identities that were previously sidelined in history but come to the center through retelling history from a postcolonial perspective. Key terms include decolonialism, commonwealth literature, postcolonial feminism, racism, orientalism, and hybridity. Postcolonial feminism examines how colonialism operates differently for men and women. Orientalism refers to how the West imagines and distorts Arab cultures. Hybridity describes the creation of new transcultural forms from the contact of colonization.
Preface to Lyrical Ballads
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Long Day's Journey Into Night as Tragedy
This document provides an analysis of Eugene O'Neill's play "Long Day's Journey into Night" and whether it can be considered a tragedy or modern tragedy. It discusses the play's semi-autobiographical nature and basic plot. Key elements of tragedy according to Aristotle are described such as hamartia, or tragic flaw. The document analyzes the flawed characters in the play and whether it meets the criteria of a tragedy in having protagonists with flaws that bring about their downfall. While missing a single protagonist, the play explores themes of tragedy through a dysfunctional family and leaves the resolution ambiguous, making it considered a modern tragedy.
The Study of Poetry - Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold viewed poetry as the "criticism of life" that is governed by poetic truth and beauty. He believed the best poetry has seriousness of substance combined with superior style and diction. Arnold analyzed poets using his "touchstone method" of comparison and advocated for disinterested criticism. However, critics argue he did not always practice disinterested criticism and overemphasized morality. Overall, Arnold made significant contributions to literary criticism through his analysis of poets and emphasis on poetry's relationship to interpreting life.
Myths in The waste Land
The document discusses myths used in T.S. Eliot's poem "The Waste Land". It analyzes the myths of vegetation, Phlebas, Tiresias, the Sibyl, the Fisher King, and the Holy Grail. These myths represent themes of rebirth, prophecy, spiritual decay, and the quest to restore meaning and fertility to the wasteland of the modern world. Eliot employs ancient myths to both illuminate and critique modern life and culture through allusions in his famous modernist poem.
Biographia literaria
This document provides a summary of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1817 work Biographia Literaria. It discusses that the work is a critical text divided into 24 chapters where Coleridge presents his views on the nature and functions of poetry. Specifically, it examines Coleridge's definition of a poem as an "organic whole" and his distinction between imagination and fancy. It also analyzes Coleridge's concept of primary imagination as the living power that mimics divine creation and shapes perception, as well as his description of the imagination's "esemplastic" ability to shape disparate ideas into one coherent whole.
Preface to lyrical ballads
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Themes of Heart of darkness
This document provides an overview of the major themes in Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness, as analyzed in a student presentation. It defines what a theme is and discusses 12 themes found in the novella, including racism, deception, uncertainty, religion, darkness, sanity and insanity, alienation, violence and cruelty, duty and responsibility, illness, and the absurdity of evil. An introduction provides background on Conrad and the novella's focus on the dark side of human nature reflected in the main character Kurtz.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
Heart of Darkness - Autobiographical elements... ele...
Conrad took a journey to the Congo in 1890 that greatly influenced his novel Heart of Darkness. During his journey, Conrad accompanied Henry Morton Stanley and witnessed firsthand the colonial exploitation of the Congo. Conrad had an unpleasant experience, finding it difficult to withstand the climate and seeing Europeans speak ill of one another. His journey resembled Marlow's journey in the novel, and some characters like Mr. Kurtz's predecessor Klein were based on people Conrad met. Both Conrad and Marlow experienced disillusionment upon observing the treatment of natives and felt a sense of enlightenment and crisis. Overall, Heart of Darkness drew heavily from Conrad's own experiences and mental state, making Marlow a mouthpiece for Conrad's views
Things fall apart as p.col. presentation
I have prepared the slides on the Novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, now you can understand this novel in very easy way.
Humanism in Literary Theory
Humanism in Literary Theory discusses various thinkers' perspectives on art and criticism from Plato to Matthew Arnold. Key points include:
Plato viewed art as inferior copies of ideal forms and a threat to social order. Aristotle saw art as conveying truth through concrete examples and changing forms. Horace said art should be both sweet and useful. Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Bacon viewed art as providing instruction and pleasure by presenting an idealized version of reality. Later critics like Samuel Johnson assessed art based on its moral message and effects. Matthew Arnold felt criticism should objectively judge literary quality.
Mourning becomes Electra - Kaushal Desai Presentation
The presentation of "Mourning becomes Electra" presented at MKBU Department of English for M.A external guidance lectures. The presentation contains every aspects which play explores. It will be fruitful to grasp the concepts of the play by this presentation.
Modren drama by nageen akhtar
Modern drama developed in 3 phases: 1) G.B. Shaw plays focused on marriage, justice, and reform; 2) Irish movement expressed hope for Irish people; 3) T.S. Eliot's poetic dramas were inspired by Elizabethan works. Realism and dealing with real life problems were important features. Ibsen popularized realism. Modern drama was also a drama of ideas used to spread ideas in society and touch human emotions. Other features included romanticism, expressionism in Germany/England, and works by Shaw, Wilde, and Galsworthy.
Narrative style in Waiting For the Barbarians and The Sense of an Ending
This document provides an analysis of narrative techniques used in the novels Waiting for the Barbarians by J.M. Coetzee and The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes. It discusses the unreliable narrators, fragmented narratives, postmodern narrative styles, and themes of truth and memory construction in both novels. The document also compares the narrative devices used, such as dreams, psychoanalytic techniques, and the exploration of dilemmas faced by the protagonists.
Deconstruction : A literary theory
Derrida introduced the theory of deconstruction in 1967, influenced by Heidegger's concept of "de-structuring" philosophical concepts to better understand them. Deconstruction holds that language is arbitrary and meanings are relational and constructed through context. It aims to uncover hidden assumptions and hierarchies in texts by analyzing contradictions and inconsistencies. Deconstruction was a reaction against structuralism and challenged philosophical traditions by expressing what had been marginalized or repressed. It looks for complexity rather than clear meaning or truth.
The concept of Tragedy and Epic.
The concept of Tragedy and Epic according to Aristotle.
The affinity and differences between tragedy and epic.
Irony and symbol in waiting for barbarians
This document provides a summary of the novel "Waiting for Barbarians" by J.M. Coetzee. It discusses the main themes of irony explored in the novel, including the irony of the concept of barbarians, the magistrate's desire for peace, his eventual fate, and perceived charity. It also analyzes symbols like the magistrate's recurring dream and the ideas of blindness represented by Colonel Joll's sunglasses and the barbarian girl's damaged eyes.
What's hot (20)
Heart of Darkness - Autobiographical elements... ele...
Heart of Darkness - Autobiographical elements... ele...
Mourning becomes Electra - Kaushal Desai Presentation
Mourning becomes Electra - Kaushal Desai Presentation
Narrative style in Waiting For the Barbarians and The Sense of an Ending
Narrative style in Waiting For the Barbarians and The Sense of an Ending
Similar to Post-colonialism in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
Conflict between Civilization and Barbarians
This document summarizes key concepts from J.M. Coetzee's novel "Waiting for Barbarians". It defines civilization and barbarians, and discusses the conflict that arises from the domination of civilization over barbarians. The magistrate harms barbarian people to assert dominance, showing how civilization views barbarians as the "other". Through torture, the empire violates barbarian humanity to impose its ideology. Ultimately, the writer questions who the real danger and barbarians are, realizing that the empire seeks to eliminate otherness while committing crimes against humanity.
Identity and imperialism in the novel "waiting for the barbarians" by J. M. ...
Hello friends, this power point presentation from the African literature and here we try to identify two topics. One is identity and second is imperialism. Thank you!
Postcolonialstudiesfeminismpoststructuralism 110810103255-phpapp02
This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonial studies and literature. It discusses colonialist and postcolonial literature, defining each. It also summarizes some of the major theorists in postcolonial studies, including Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Their works examined how colonial powers constructed the colonized as the inferior "other" and justified imperial domination. Postcolonial literature is defined as writing from both the colonial era and after independence, with genres and strategies that rewrite history and establish identity.
The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga: Literary Appreciation
The document discusses several topics related to literature and criticism including the ideas of nation, narrative, and cultural studies. It examines concepts from thinkers like Tagore, Gandhi, Umashankar Joshi, Homi Bhabha, and Farrukh Dhondy regarding nationalism and the relationship between nation and novel. It also covers four goals of cultural studies, narrative structures in memory novels, Kafka's views on literature, and Nietzsche's concept of the "Ubermensch." Specific texts discussed include The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga and passages are summarized.
Postcolonialism in The Wretched of the earth
The document discusses postcolonial views presented in Frantz Fanon's novel "The Wretched of the Earth". It summarizes that the novel is divided into five chapters that each explore a postcolonial theme, such as violence, spontaneity, national consciousness, culture, and the mental impact of colonial war. It also provides background on Fanon and postcolonial literature, noting that it examines identity formation, resistance to colonial powers, and empowerment of marginalized groups.
Post colonialism
Colonialism refers to the conquest and control of other people's lands and goods. Postcolonialism examines the cultural legacy and human consequences of colonialism, including its effects on colonized peoples' languages, identities, and literatures. Key thinkers who established postcolonialism include Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Dipesh Chakrabarty. They rejected Western cultural dominance and provided new perspectives for understanding the experiences and voices of colonized populations.
Post Colonial Studies
The document discusses postcolonial studies and literature. It defines postcolonial studies as the critical analysis of history, culture, literature and discourse specific to former colonies. It discusses key issues in postcolonial studies like rejecting Western imperialist narratives and expanding literary canons. It provides examples of postcolonial authors and influential novels. It also summarizes Cavafy's poem "Waiting for the Barbarians", which depicts a town awaiting an invasion that does not come, showing how borders help define identities.
Rereading Indian Literature: The White Tiger and Narcopolis
This document provides a summary of a presentation on rereading Indian writing in English. It discusses works like The White Tiger and Narcopolis and their themes of corruption, caste, and trauma. It also covers several scholars who analyze concepts like the nation, narration, and cultural criticism. Nation is described as having an ambivalent nature. Memory novels are discussed as having a narrative structure opposite to historical narratives in how they portray trauma. Key characters and themes in The White Tiger and Narcopolis are also summarized.
Postcolonialism
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
Tagore and Nationalism
Rabindranath Tagore's views on Nationalism and Patriotism were far ahead of his time. Today also his views are very relevant. He was able to see the dangers of hyper-nationalism and patriotism. It may stand against humanity. He feared that national will replace human beings. His views of Japan's economic rise and military aggression.
This was webinar presentation. The event was organised by a college in north Karnataka.
Asmita rollno. 1 the african literature
This document provides an analysis of the novel Waiting for the Barbarians by John Maxwell Coetzee. It discusses how the novel is an allegorical representation of imperialism. It analyzes the characters of the Magistrate and Colonel Joll and how they represent different aspects of imperialism. It also examines how the novel explores themes of colonialism, African nationalism, and the relationship between the colonizers and the native people.
Post colonialism.pptx
Postcolonialism emerged as a result of over 4,000 years of European colonization of Africa and Asia. In the 19th century, Britain became the dominant imperial power and justified its brutal treatment of colonies. Decolonization began in the early 20th century as Britain started losing economic and social control. The 1950s marked the beginning of postcolonialism with India gaining independence from Britain, followed by Pakistan. Postcolonial theorists such as Fanon, Said, and Spivak examined the cultural, social, and psychological impacts of colonialism and addressed issues like identity, otherness, and hybridity that arose from the colonial experience.
Postcolonial Studies.pptx
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theory and criticism. It discusses key concepts such as Orientalism, cultural imperialism, and the subaltern. It examines works by prominent postcolonial theorists like Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha. Methods of postcolonial analysis include examining the historical, physical, ideological, gender, and cultural aspects of colonial relationships. Postcolonial literature and criticism aims to resist and revise the Western canon by introducing marginalized voices and exposing colonialist perspectives and silences.
My beautiful laundrette
An ambitious Pakistani Briton and his white boyfriend strive for success and hope when they open a glamorous laundromat.
Director
Stephen Frears
Writer
Hanif Kureishi(by)
Stars
Saeed JaffreyRoshan SethDaniel Day-Lewis
Postcolonial studies/ lit. , feminism, poststructuralism
The document discusses postcolonial studies, feminism, and poststructuralism in literature. It provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonial theory such as Orientalism, othering, and the colonial gaze. It examines how colonialist literature characterized colonized peoples and countries. It also discusses major postcolonial theorists like Fanon, Said, Bhabha, and Spivak and their critiques of colonial discourse. It notes how postcolonial literature rewrites history from perspectives of the colonized. The document also summarizes key concepts in feminism and poststructuralism such as gender construction, phallogocentrism, deconstruction, and différance.
Postcolonialism by Jerry Slater for A2 Comms and Culture
Postcolonialism examines the impact of colonialism and seeks to give voice to oppressed or marginalized peoples. It addresses the cultural, political, economic, and psychological effects of colonization. Key aspects of postcolonial theory include exploring colonial oppression, issues of cultural and national identity among colonized peoples, the dynamics of anti-colonial resistance movements, and providing an alternative perspective to the traditional colonial narratives. Major postcolonial theorists include Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Frantz Fanon, who analyzed concepts such as Orientalism, hybridity, and decolonizing the mind. Postcolonial criticism studies how literature represents and responds to colonial domination and its lingering effects
The African Literature : Post colonialism : Waiting for the Barbarians and Li...
The African Literature : Post colonialism : Waiting for the Barbarians and Life and Times of Michael K
Paper 11 postcolonial literature presentation
This document discusses the difference between colonial and postcolonial literature. Colonial literature refers to works written during the colonial period that portrayed colonization positively from the colonizer's perspective. Postcolonial literature emerged after independence and challenges colonial perspectives by portraying the problems of colonization from the view of the colonized. The main difference is that colonial literature justified colonization while postcolonial literature critiques and resists colonialism.
ENGLISH 205 Week 1-2 Presentation.pptx
This document provides an overview of contemporary literature, including its historical background, significant writers and works, and key features. It discusses how postcolonial literature emerged in response to colonialism, exploring themes of identity and culture. Major literary movements like existentialism, the Beat Generation, and postmodernism are also covered. The text outlines how events like wars, civil rights movements, and environmental issues have influenced contemporary works. It profiles many influential authors from around the world and their works addressing topics like politics, gender, war, and globalization. In summary, the document gives a broad historical and thematic introduction to contemporary literature on a global scale.
Post colonialism-131114084001-phpapp02
This document defines post-colonialism and discusses some of its main concepts. Post-colonialism emerged in the 1970s in response to Western colonial subjugation in the Third and Fourth World. It examines the effects of colonial practices on literary productions in formerly colonized societies. Some key post-colonial concepts discussed include mimicry, hybridity, orientalism, and universalism. The document also analyzes power dynamics between colonizers and colonized groups as depicted in the novel A Passage to India.
Similar to Post-colonialism in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians (20)
Identity and imperialism in the novel "waiting for the barbarians" by J. M. ...
Identity and imperialism in the novel "waiting for the barbarians" by J. M. ...
Postcolonialstudiesfeminismpoststructuralism 110810103255-phpapp02
Postcolonialstudiesfeminismpoststructuralism 110810103255-phpapp02
The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga: Literary Appreciation
The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga: Literary Appreciation
Rereading Indian Literature: The White Tiger and Narcopolis
Rereading Indian Literature: The White Tiger and Narcopolis
Postcolonial studies/ lit. , feminism, poststructuralism
Postcolonial studies/ lit. , feminism, poststructuralism
Postcolonialism by Jerry Slater for A2 Comms and Culture
Postcolonialism by Jerry Slater for A2 Comms and Culture
The African Literature : Post colonialism : Waiting for the Barbarians and Li...
The African Literature : Post colonialism : Waiting for the Barbarians and Li...
More from RohitVyas25
Cinema as a Medium of Communication
Cinema has evolved from its origins in the early 20th century movie studios to today's digital landscape. Movies communicate culture by spreading messages and opening discussions across societies. The rise of over-the-top (OTT) platforms has made movie watching unlimited by boundaries and exposed audiences to diverse worldviews. In the future, on-demand streaming will likely dominate home viewing as internet speeds increase, replacing brick-and-mortar rental stores. OTT services are transforming the television industry's structure as audiences adopt digital media consumption.
ICT Committee Report 2020-21
A presentation about ICT committee introduction. The leaders of this ICT committee are Asha and Rohit. They both have jointly prepared and presented this report on 27/10/2020 at the occasion of committee introduction to semester 1 students, virtually organised by the department of English MK Bhavnagar University.
Popular Culture and our Practices
Paper - No 8-C Cultural Studies. In this presentation it is highlighted that how popular culture can be read and examined in our daily life.
Post structuralism and Death of the Author
This document provides information about a poststructuralist criticism assignment submitted by Rohit Vyas. It includes biographical information about the student and defines some key aspects of poststructuralist criticism, noting that it displaced structuralism in prominence in the 1970s. It lists some important poststructuralist critics like Barthes, Lyotard, Baudrillard, and Foucault. It then summarizes Barthes' concept of "The Death of the Author", which argues that a text's meaning is not defined by the author's intentions and that the reader gives a text meaning.
Culture and Anarchy in Today's Society
This document summarizes Matthew Arnold's influential 1869 essay "Culture and Anarchy". It discusses how Arnold analyzed Victorian society, dividing people into aristocrats, barbarians, philistines, and the populace. If people "do as they like" without sufficient light or perfection, it could lead to anarchy in society. Both in Victorian times and today, masses can be uncontrolled and unrestrained from public duty. To control anarchy, one needs authority and to study perfection to find our best self and bring harmony to society.
Emotional Quotient in Sense and Sensibility
The document discusses emotional intelligence in Jane Austen's novel Sense and Sensibility. It defines emotional quotient as the ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions and those of others. It analyzes how the characters of Elinor, Marianne, and Willoughby represent sense, sensibility, and a materialistic culture. The document argues that both sense and sensibility are needed for balanced decision making and that the novel teaches the importance of being careful in making emotional decisions.
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic Poesy
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
Neo-Classical Literature - Anti Sentimental Comedy
In this presentation I've compared humor as neo-classical element and compared it with current genres of comedy.
Renaissance Art & Christopher Marlowe
This document discusses Renaissance art and its influence on Christopher Marlowe's plays. It describes several famous Renaissance artworks like David, The Fall of Icarus, and The School of Athens by Raphael that depicted new beginnings and self-discovery rather than devotion to God. It then analyzes how Marlowe captured the Renaissance spirit in Dr. Faustus by showing Faustus' curiosity and exploration of knowledge even at the cost of his soul, as well as the violence in The Massacre at Paris.
The Purpose: Modern Ideology of Education
This document summarizes T.P. Kailasam's story "The Purpose" which portrays characters from the Mahabharata like Arjuna and Eklavya in a modern way. It discusses how Kailasam aims to highlight issues of suppressed classes and how education has become a business. It also provides suggestions for a better ideology of education such as being more tolerant, providing activities over homework, and emphasizing learning over teaching.
Joseph addison
Joseph Addison was an 18th century English essayist and satirist who is best known for his modern essays published in The Tatler and The Spectator magazines. He co-founded The Spectator with his friend Richard Steele and also contributed to The Tatler. Addison is considered to have played a large role in developing the modern essay and his works from The Tatler and The Spectator helped establish a new style of English prose in the 18th century and are seen as preparing the way for the modern novel.
More from RohitVyas25 (11)
Neo-Classical Literature - Anti Sentimental Comedy
Neo-Classical Literature - Anti Sentimental Comedy
Recently uploaded
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Recently uploaded (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Post-colonialism in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
- 1. Post colonialism in Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians Prepared by Rohit Vyas M.A. Sem 4, Batch 2019-21 Enrolment Number: 2069108420200041 Paper 14 – African Literature Email: rohitvyas277@gmail.com Submitted to: Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English MK Bhavnagar University
- 2. Objectives • Bring out the key points of post-coloniality from the text • Compare the contemporary national interest with the text • Barbarian Girl as nation
- 3. Once Colonized Always Colonized • South African author J. M. Coetzee • Published in 1980. • The novel highlights the coloniality and its effects on any given nation. • The plot-less storyline enables readers to interpret the novel in their own way. • Nameless characters, applicable in many contexts
- 4. What is postcolonialism ? • The term ‘postcolonial’ was originally used by the historians to describe the period after colonization. In literary criticism it has been used since the late 1970s to discuss the various cultural, political, and linguistic effects of colonialism. As a term, postcolonialism “has subsequently been widely used to signify the political, linguistic, and cultural experience of societies that were former European colonies” (Ashcroft et al., 186).
- 5. Barbarians are within the country • Who are the barbarians? • Second Wave of COVID19 and the shocking aftermaths • Lack of medical and healthcare services • “His government is facing mounting criticism for its handling of the crisis as oxygen, drugs, tests and hospital beds remain in critically short supply in the worst-hit areas.” (Beaumont, The Guardian)
- 6. Barbarian Girl and Nation • The character of Barbarian Girl is disfigured and has many scars on her body • “While I have not ceased to see her as a body maimed, scarred, harmed, she has perhaps by now grown into and become that new deficient body, feeling no more deformed than a cat feels deformed for having claws instead of fingers.” (Coetzee, 35) • Blindness as metaphor for the awareness of people. As power roles are on the peak, brainwashed mass still thinks rationally.
- 7. Magistrate thinks • “I wanted to live outside history. I wanted to live outside the history that Empire imposes on its subjects, even its lost subjects. I never wished it for the barbarians that they should have the history of Empire laid upon them.” (Coetzee, 92)
- 8. Works Cited • Ashcroft, Bill. Griffiths, Gareth. Tiffin, Helen. Post-Colonial Studies: Key Concepts. London, Routledge, 2000. • Beaumont, Peter. "Narendra Modi: Covid Resurgence in India Like Being ‘hit by a Storm’." The Guardian, 21 Apr. 2021, www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/20/narendra-modi-covid- resurgence-in-india-like-being-hit-by-a-storm. Accessed 20 Apr. 2021. • Coetzee, J. M. Waiting for the Barbarians. PDF, Text Publishing, 2019.