The document discusses the UK government's proposals to speed up the planning process for major infrastructure projects (MIPs) through new parliamentary procedures that would allow MPs to approve projects before local planning inquiries, outlines types of projects that may be considered MIPs, and examines principles of good practice in technically appraising MIPs including scoping environmental, economic and social impacts, assessing alternatives, and ensuring independent and transparent decision making processes.
The document is an environmental impact assessment report for a proposed concrete batching plant. It finds that the plant could generate noise, traffic, and waste impacts requiring further analysis. Noise from equipment on site and trucks could exceed criteria at nearby residential receivers. Traffic from daily truck movements may impact local roads. The plant would produce wastewater and solid waste requiring proper management. The report evaluates these impacts and considers alternative technologies, sites, and recommendations to improve environmental outcomes.
Report on Bozeman Montana's Neighborhood Conservation Overlay DistrictMarsha Fulton
The report evaluated the Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) in Bozeman, Montana and provided recommendations. Key findings included that while the NCOD helped preserve historic properties and neighborhood character, it also contributed to issues with affordable housing and inconsistent application of design guidelines. Recommendations included refining the NCOD boundary, creating local historic districts, providing affordable housing incentives, updating the infill and design guideline processes, and implementing a historic preservation program. The preferred approach aimed to balance historic preservation, affordable housing, infill development and design.
The document discusses the SEA Directive and its implementation. It provides an overview of the directive's requirements, benefits, and opportunities for improvement. Some key points include:
1) There was delayed transposition of the directive into national law, but it is now established in all EU member states. Issues remain with some incorrect transpositions.
2) Benefits include better integration of environmental considerations into decision making, less mitigation needs, and increased transparency.
3) Opportunities for improvement include clarifying the scope and concepts and strengthening links to other environmental directives.
The document discusses the constitution and functions of the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects in India. Key details include:
- The committee will scrutinize proposals for river valley and hydroelectric projects to prescribe terms of reference for environmental impact assessments and will evaluate EIA reports and environmental management plans.
- It will recommend clearance or rejection of projects and suggest mitigation measures for projects granted approval.
- The committee will meet at least once a month to appraise projects, with site visits conducted if necessary. Minutes will be finalized within 5 days of meetings.
- The tenure of the committee is 3 years from the date of its constitution order. Meetings are normally held in Delhi
The first part of Team Downtown's presentation on "How to Keep Downtown Manhattan Safe and Resilient"
For a few months before the conference, three American-Dutch Strategy Teams of 6 to 8 experts have collaborated on how to protect three areas of New York and New Jersey from future storms. In this session, an American-Dutch team presents its synthesis, combining the best knowledge, solutions and experience from both sides of the Atlantic, on how to protect South Street Seaport and downtown Manhattan.
For the entire presentation, please go to https://www.dropbox.com/s/07tb36uxcmmsgd7/0930%20SS1%20TDT.pptx
This slide brings us to know about the Amendments of 2006 and 2009 in Environmental Impact Assessment. The draft EIA notification issued by the ministry and forests for amendment 2009. The process of amendment 2006 was well sketched in the presentation. Hope everyone would like this.
The document discusses environmental and social issues related to port development projects and public-private partnerships in Indonesia. It reviews the relevant legislation and regulatory framework, including requirements for Environmental Impact Assessments (AMDAL/EIA) and Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plans (LARAP). It also covers potential environmental issues like dredging, waste management, and biodiversity impacts. Social issues discussed include community health, land acquisition, and the different standards of Indonesia's national regulations versus international standards like IFC Performance Standards.
The document is an environmental impact assessment report for a proposed concrete batching plant. It finds that the plant could generate noise, traffic, and waste impacts requiring further analysis. Noise from equipment on site and trucks could exceed criteria at nearby residential receivers. Traffic from daily truck movements may impact local roads. The plant would produce wastewater and solid waste requiring proper management. The report evaluates these impacts and considers alternative technologies, sites, and recommendations to improve environmental outcomes.
Report on Bozeman Montana's Neighborhood Conservation Overlay DistrictMarsha Fulton
The report evaluated the Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) in Bozeman, Montana and provided recommendations. Key findings included that while the NCOD helped preserve historic properties and neighborhood character, it also contributed to issues with affordable housing and inconsistent application of design guidelines. Recommendations included refining the NCOD boundary, creating local historic districts, providing affordable housing incentives, updating the infill and design guideline processes, and implementing a historic preservation program. The preferred approach aimed to balance historic preservation, affordable housing, infill development and design.
The document discusses the SEA Directive and its implementation. It provides an overview of the directive's requirements, benefits, and opportunities for improvement. Some key points include:
1) There was delayed transposition of the directive into national law, but it is now established in all EU member states. Issues remain with some incorrect transpositions.
2) Benefits include better integration of environmental considerations into decision making, less mitigation needs, and increased transparency.
3) Opportunities for improvement include clarifying the scope and concepts and strengthening links to other environmental directives.
The document discusses the constitution and functions of the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects in India. Key details include:
- The committee will scrutinize proposals for river valley and hydroelectric projects to prescribe terms of reference for environmental impact assessments and will evaluate EIA reports and environmental management plans.
- It will recommend clearance or rejection of projects and suggest mitigation measures for projects granted approval.
- The committee will meet at least once a month to appraise projects, with site visits conducted if necessary. Minutes will be finalized within 5 days of meetings.
- The tenure of the committee is 3 years from the date of its constitution order. Meetings are normally held in Delhi
The first part of Team Downtown's presentation on "How to Keep Downtown Manhattan Safe and Resilient"
For a few months before the conference, three American-Dutch Strategy Teams of 6 to 8 experts have collaborated on how to protect three areas of New York and New Jersey from future storms. In this session, an American-Dutch team presents its synthesis, combining the best knowledge, solutions and experience from both sides of the Atlantic, on how to protect South Street Seaport and downtown Manhattan.
For the entire presentation, please go to https://www.dropbox.com/s/07tb36uxcmmsgd7/0930%20SS1%20TDT.pptx
This slide brings us to know about the Amendments of 2006 and 2009 in Environmental Impact Assessment. The draft EIA notification issued by the ministry and forests for amendment 2009. The process of amendment 2006 was well sketched in the presentation. Hope everyone would like this.
The document discusses environmental and social issues related to port development projects and public-private partnerships in Indonesia. It reviews the relevant legislation and regulatory framework, including requirements for Environmental Impact Assessments (AMDAL/EIA) and Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plans (LARAP). It also covers potential environmental issues like dredging, waste management, and biodiversity impacts. Social issues discussed include community health, land acquisition, and the different standards of Indonesia's national regulations versus international standards like IFC Performance Standards.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in the United Kingdom. It explains that EIAs evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects, are required by law for certain types of development, and involve assessing impacts, soliciting public comments, and considering mitigation measures. The summary also notes that the European Commission has proposed revisions to strengthen and update EIA requirements.
The document discusses the steps involved in obtaining environmental clearance for industrial projects in India. It begins by outlining the key steps, which include submitting forms, conducting studies, public hearings, and presentations. It then provides more details on each step. The key points are:
1) All new or expanding industrial projects requiring environmental clearance must go through a multi-step process over 12-18 months to obtain clearance from regulatory authorities.
2) Projects are categorized as either Category A (large projects requiring central clearance) or Category B (smaller projects cleared by state authorities).
3) Obtaining clearance requires engaging consultants, conducting studies on environmental and social impacts, holding a public hearing, and making presentations to expert appraisal
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessment processes and requirements. It discusses the types of natural and man-made resources that are considered in EIAs, as well as the desired products, undesired wastes, and life cycle analysis involved. It also outlines the steps in the EIA process, requirements for EIA organizations, methodology, sector categorization including for thermal power projects, and some potential procedural violations.
Project Evaluation of Flood Management Projects in JapanOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Masato OKABE
Japan Institute of Country-ology and Engineering
Permitting Geothermal Exploration And Development Projects On Public And Trib...awaltner
1. The document discusses permitting requirements for geothermal exploration and development projects on public and tribal lands. It outlines the typical stages of a geothermal project and environmental impacts.
2. Key regulatory programs that may apply include the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act, and regulations overseen by the Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, and other agencies depending on the land ownership.
3. Special considerations apply for projects on federal, state, tribal, and private lands. The document provides strategies for navigating the complex permitting process such as preparing core environmental documents, integrating planning, and involving agencies early.
This document summarizes a workshop on developing participatory River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) in Georgia and Azerbaijan. The workshop objectives were to:
1) Inform participants on the objectives and principles of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the main challenges of developing RBMPs for the Alazani and Upper Kura river basins.
2) Ensure best coordination between ongoing contracts to develop the RBMPs.
3) Facilitate contact between consultants and stakeholders.
The workshop involved presentations on the WFD, experiences from pilot RBMP development, and visions from Georgian and Azerbaijani contractors on implementing RBMPs, including stakeholder engagement.
The document outlines Vietnam's nuclear power development program. Vietnam plans to construct multiple nuclear power plants to meet growing energy demands. The first two plants will be in Ninh Thuan province and have a capacity of 2000MW each. Vietnam faces challenges in developing its nuclear infrastructure and regulatory framework. It will need international support to further develop human resources, safety standards, and other nuclear capabilities as it moves forward with its plans to introduce nuclear power.
The document summarizes key developments in environmental assessment (EA) processes in Canada, focusing on legal considerations, technical issues, and trends. It discusses two notable EA cases (Red Chris and Kemess North) where comprehensive studies were conducted. The Kemess North panel took a holistic sustainability approach and did not recommend project approval due to environmental and socioeconomic concerns. Technical issues discussed include the increasing emphasis on cumulative effects assessment, traditional knowledge, and climate change considerations in EAs. The document concludes by advising stakeholders to appreciate sustainability, expect a rigorous and dynamic EA process, and remain vigilant on compliance.
Does your Foundry comply with current Environmental Legislation requirements?SAIFoundry
EnviroKey Management Services cc.
Does your Foundry comply with current Environmental Legislation requirements?
South African Institute of Foundrymen
17 April 2012
Several bills were introduced relating to flood planning, notification, and preparedness as well as eminent domain reform. For flood issues, bills addressed statewide planning and funding, creating notification systems for dam releases and disasters, and conducting local infrastructure studies. Reforms for eminent domain included new meeting requirements, survey notice standards, clarifying "actual progress" criteria, and allowing landowners to recover damages from adjacent easement uses.
Key outputs: monitoring, legal documents, photo collections, pilot management plans, draft plans of actions, reports on state of wetlands. Presentation given during the Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project's Final Seminar in Istanbul, Turkey from 14-15 February 2008.
Best Practices for NEPA Compliance and Related Permitting for Projects on In...Trihydro Corporation
Regulatory framework for permitting wells and pipelines
Typical timeframes and hang-ups in the permitting process
Best practices for permitting
Programmatic approaches to well field development on tribal lands, including potential benefits to tribes, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and operators
Appendix b stakeholder engagement and consultation final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document outlines the stakeholder engagement and consultation process for the Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2) of the Severn Estuary in the UK. It describes the various stakeholder groups involved, including a Client Steering Group, Elected Members Forum, and Key Stakeholders Group. It details the stages of stakeholder engagement during the SMP2 development and policy setting process, including identifying issues, developing policies, and public consultation. It also provides summaries of key stakeholder consultation events held from January to June 2009 to inform the SMP2 process.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on stormwater management regulations in Virginia. It discusses updates to the Virginia Stormwater Management Program including shifting control from the state to local governments by July 2014. Local governments must develop stormwater programs by June 2013 that meet new regulatory requirements focused on reducing runoff volume and improving water quality. The presentation reviews tools and timelines to help local governments develop compliant stormwater programs.
Environmental Assessment Presentation Kitselas Aug 15, 2014sarahartis
The document provides an overview of the environmental assessment (EA) process for proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects in the Kitselas First Nation territory. It summarizes that Kitselas is directly involved in working groups for several proposed pipeline and LNG facility projects currently undergoing EA. It also describes how Kitselas engages in the EA process through agreements with proponents, participation in working groups, reviews of project documents and impacts, and community consultation.
Phil Jones, PE, OC Public Works Design Division, Bruce Phillips, PE, PACE and Scott Taylor, PE, Michael Baker International present "Engineering Analysis for Urban Drainage Systems" for the Environmental Water Resources Institute of ASCE OC.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the First Regional Meeting of the Stampriet Project held in Windhoek, Namibia from October 22-24, 2013.
The key outcomes of the meeting were:
1) The three aquifer sharing countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa) and partners approved the project implementation plan and assessment methodology.
2) Existing data on the Kalahari-Karoo/Stampriet Aquifer was found to be extensive but require harmonization across sources and countries. Some data gaps were also identified.
3) It was decided that the project would define sub-regions within the heterogeneous aquifer and fine-tune the assessment methodology accordingly.
The document provides an environmental assessment report for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It summarizes the baseline environmental conditions in the study area, including populations and human health, biodiversity, fisheries, geology, land use, water, air and climate, cultural heritage, landscape and contaminated land. It then describes the strategic environmental assessment process undertaken to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of different shoreline management policies. This included developing objectives, consulting stakeholders, reviewing other relevant plans and strategies, and assessing alternative policy options. The preferred policies were selected and their impacts evaluated, including cumulative effects and mitigation measures. An implementation and monitoring plan was also developed to track effects relating to access and recreation, biodiversity
SEA in Europe has evolved over several stages from initial applications in the 1970s-80s to unification under the EU SEA Directive in 2001. The key principles of SEA in Europe are that it leads to more sustainable decisions by integrating environmental considerations early in the planning process, and that it provides opportunities for public participation and consultation. The main benefits are that SEA often improves plans by identifying new alternatives and environmental risks, and helps planners make decisions with full awareness of environmental impacts. However, challenges still include overuse of SEA for minor plans and lack of follow-through to ensure plans are properly implemented.
Paper presented at symposium, SEA Implementazion and practive: Making an Impact? International Association for Impact Assessment, II Special Conference on SEA Prague, 21-23 September, 2011
This document summarizes a presentation given by SOK Sikieng on involving more women in technology. It notes that women currently make up a small minority of computer science students and professionals. It then provides background on some notable female technology leaders and statistics on the lack of gender diversity in tech fields. Potential reasons for few women in tech, like discrimination and a lack of role models, are discussed. The importance of increasing female representation in terms of innovation, role modeling, and addressing social imbalances is explained. Finally, the presentation outlines some global initiatives and proposed local methods for inspiring more girls and women to pursue tech careers.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in the United Kingdom. It explains that EIAs evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects, are required by law for certain types of development, and involve assessing impacts, soliciting public comments, and considering mitigation measures. The summary also notes that the European Commission has proposed revisions to strengthen and update EIA requirements.
The document discusses the steps involved in obtaining environmental clearance for industrial projects in India. It begins by outlining the key steps, which include submitting forms, conducting studies, public hearings, and presentations. It then provides more details on each step. The key points are:
1) All new or expanding industrial projects requiring environmental clearance must go through a multi-step process over 12-18 months to obtain clearance from regulatory authorities.
2) Projects are categorized as either Category A (large projects requiring central clearance) or Category B (smaller projects cleared by state authorities).
3) Obtaining clearance requires engaging consultants, conducting studies on environmental and social impacts, holding a public hearing, and making presentations to expert appraisal
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessment processes and requirements. It discusses the types of natural and man-made resources that are considered in EIAs, as well as the desired products, undesired wastes, and life cycle analysis involved. It also outlines the steps in the EIA process, requirements for EIA organizations, methodology, sector categorization including for thermal power projects, and some potential procedural violations.
Project Evaluation of Flood Management Projects in JapanOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Masato OKABE
Japan Institute of Country-ology and Engineering
Permitting Geothermal Exploration And Development Projects On Public And Trib...awaltner
1. The document discusses permitting requirements for geothermal exploration and development projects on public and tribal lands. It outlines the typical stages of a geothermal project and environmental impacts.
2. Key regulatory programs that may apply include the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act, and regulations overseen by the Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, and other agencies depending on the land ownership.
3. Special considerations apply for projects on federal, state, tribal, and private lands. The document provides strategies for navigating the complex permitting process such as preparing core environmental documents, integrating planning, and involving agencies early.
This document summarizes a workshop on developing participatory River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) in Georgia and Azerbaijan. The workshop objectives were to:
1) Inform participants on the objectives and principles of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the main challenges of developing RBMPs for the Alazani and Upper Kura river basins.
2) Ensure best coordination between ongoing contracts to develop the RBMPs.
3) Facilitate contact between consultants and stakeholders.
The workshop involved presentations on the WFD, experiences from pilot RBMP development, and visions from Georgian and Azerbaijani contractors on implementing RBMPs, including stakeholder engagement.
The document outlines Vietnam's nuclear power development program. Vietnam plans to construct multiple nuclear power plants to meet growing energy demands. The first two plants will be in Ninh Thuan province and have a capacity of 2000MW each. Vietnam faces challenges in developing its nuclear infrastructure and regulatory framework. It will need international support to further develop human resources, safety standards, and other nuclear capabilities as it moves forward with its plans to introduce nuclear power.
The document summarizes key developments in environmental assessment (EA) processes in Canada, focusing on legal considerations, technical issues, and trends. It discusses two notable EA cases (Red Chris and Kemess North) where comprehensive studies were conducted. The Kemess North panel took a holistic sustainability approach and did not recommend project approval due to environmental and socioeconomic concerns. Technical issues discussed include the increasing emphasis on cumulative effects assessment, traditional knowledge, and climate change considerations in EAs. The document concludes by advising stakeholders to appreciate sustainability, expect a rigorous and dynamic EA process, and remain vigilant on compliance.
Does your Foundry comply with current Environmental Legislation requirements?SAIFoundry
EnviroKey Management Services cc.
Does your Foundry comply with current Environmental Legislation requirements?
South African Institute of Foundrymen
17 April 2012
Several bills were introduced relating to flood planning, notification, and preparedness as well as eminent domain reform. For flood issues, bills addressed statewide planning and funding, creating notification systems for dam releases and disasters, and conducting local infrastructure studies. Reforms for eminent domain included new meeting requirements, survey notice standards, clarifying "actual progress" criteria, and allowing landowners to recover damages from adjacent easement uses.
Key outputs: monitoring, legal documents, photo collections, pilot management plans, draft plans of actions, reports on state of wetlands. Presentation given during the Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project's Final Seminar in Istanbul, Turkey from 14-15 February 2008.
Best Practices for NEPA Compliance and Related Permitting for Projects on In...Trihydro Corporation
Regulatory framework for permitting wells and pipelines
Typical timeframes and hang-ups in the permitting process
Best practices for permitting
Programmatic approaches to well field development on tribal lands, including potential benefits to tribes, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and operators
Appendix b stakeholder engagement and consultation final_dec2010Severn Estuary
This document outlines the stakeholder engagement and consultation process for the Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2) of the Severn Estuary in the UK. It describes the various stakeholder groups involved, including a Client Steering Group, Elected Members Forum, and Key Stakeholders Group. It details the stages of stakeholder engagement during the SMP2 development and policy setting process, including identifying issues, developing policies, and public consultation. It also provides summaries of key stakeholder consultation events held from January to June 2009 to inform the SMP2 process.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on stormwater management regulations in Virginia. It discusses updates to the Virginia Stormwater Management Program including shifting control from the state to local governments by July 2014. Local governments must develop stormwater programs by June 2013 that meet new regulatory requirements focused on reducing runoff volume and improving water quality. The presentation reviews tools and timelines to help local governments develop compliant stormwater programs.
Environmental Assessment Presentation Kitselas Aug 15, 2014sarahartis
The document provides an overview of the environmental assessment (EA) process for proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects in the Kitselas First Nation territory. It summarizes that Kitselas is directly involved in working groups for several proposed pipeline and LNG facility projects currently undergoing EA. It also describes how Kitselas engages in the EA process through agreements with proponents, participation in working groups, reviews of project documents and impacts, and community consultation.
Phil Jones, PE, OC Public Works Design Division, Bruce Phillips, PE, PACE and Scott Taylor, PE, Michael Baker International present "Engineering Analysis for Urban Drainage Systems" for the Environmental Water Resources Institute of ASCE OC.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the First Regional Meeting of the Stampriet Project held in Windhoek, Namibia from October 22-24, 2013.
The key outcomes of the meeting were:
1) The three aquifer sharing countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa) and partners approved the project implementation plan and assessment methodology.
2) Existing data on the Kalahari-Karoo/Stampriet Aquifer was found to be extensive but require harmonization across sources and countries. Some data gaps were also identified.
3) It was decided that the project would define sub-regions within the heterogeneous aquifer and fine-tune the assessment methodology accordingly.
The document provides an environmental assessment report for the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan Review (SMP2). It summarizes the baseline environmental conditions in the study area, including populations and human health, biodiversity, fisheries, geology, land use, water, air and climate, cultural heritage, landscape and contaminated land. It then describes the strategic environmental assessment process undertaken to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of different shoreline management policies. This included developing objectives, consulting stakeholders, reviewing other relevant plans and strategies, and assessing alternative policy options. The preferred policies were selected and their impacts evaluated, including cumulative effects and mitigation measures. An implementation and monitoring plan was also developed to track effects relating to access and recreation, biodiversity
SEA in Europe has evolved over several stages from initial applications in the 1970s-80s to unification under the EU SEA Directive in 2001. The key principles of SEA in Europe are that it leads to more sustainable decisions by integrating environmental considerations early in the planning process, and that it provides opportunities for public participation and consultation. The main benefits are that SEA often improves plans by identifying new alternatives and environmental risks, and helps planners make decisions with full awareness of environmental impacts. However, challenges still include overuse of SEA for minor plans and lack of follow-through to ensure plans are properly implemented.
Paper presented at symposium, SEA Implementazion and practive: Making an Impact? International Association for Impact Assessment, II Special Conference on SEA Prague, 21-23 September, 2011
This document summarizes a presentation given by SOK Sikieng on involving more women in technology. It notes that women currently make up a small minority of computer science students and professionals. It then provides background on some notable female technology leaders and statistics on the lack of gender diversity in tech fields. Potential reasons for few women in tech, like discrimination and a lack of role models, are discussed. The importance of increasing female representation in terms of innovation, role modeling, and addressing social imbalances is explained. Finally, the presentation outlines some global initiatives and proposed local methods for inspiring more girls and women to pursue tech careers.
This document appears to be directions for filming a scene, listing the initial camera position and various characters including Lauren the protagonist, 3 men, 2 male students, and a teacher, as well as notes on shot direction and the movement of actors.
- Jyoti Tyagi submitted a project titled "Modification in the behavior of Nova Filter Scheduler to enhance the performance in OpenStack cloud" as part of her MSc in Cloud Computing at the National College of Ireland.
- The project aims to assess the behavior of the nova scheduler in OpenStack with the goal of reducing latency when placing virtual machines. It analyzes the default filters of the nova scheduler to understand limitations and attempts to improve performance and resource allocation.
- An experiment was performed to modify essential filters in the scheduler to prove the concept. Various scheduling filters were analyzed to check their impact on performance by changing default values and metrics.
Lineas de productos de software y metodo watchnhrm
El documento describe las líneas de productos de software y el método Watch. Las líneas de productos de software permiten la entrega rápida y económica de productos de software de alta calidad mediante el desarrollo basado en activos comunes y la configuración de productos. El método Watch es un marco metodológico que orienta a los equipos de desarrollo sobre cómo desarrollar aplicaciones de sistemas de información empresarial siguiendo las mejores prácticas de ingeniería de software.
"Zašto je astrologija astrolAgija?" - predavanje prof. dr Draga Gajića u okviru projekta "Astronomija selu u pohode".
Projekat "Astronomija selu u pohode" realizuje Astronomsko društvo "Alfa" iz Niša u saradnji sa Prirodno-matematičkim fakultetom u Nišu uz poršku Centra za promociju nauke.
Este documento resume información sobre varias bandas musicales exitosas. The Beatles fue una banda de rock inglesa muy exitosa formada en Liverpool en 1962. Guns N' Roses es una banda estadounidense de hard rock formada en 1985 en Los Ángeles liderada por Axl Rose. The Rolling Stones es una banda británica de rock originaria de Londres formada en 1962.
Performance Enhancement Drugs; the Truth RevealedNeal Adams
This document discusses steroids, including that they are synthetic versions of natural hormones. It notes that anabolic steroids are made from testosterone and promote muscle growth. While some experts have testified that steroids do not have long term health risks, they can cause side effects like acne, hair growth, and changes in sexual development. The document also outlines how steroids became prevalent in professional sports in the 1950s and were advocated by famous baseball players in the early 2000s. It concludes by stating arguments on both sides of whether steroids should be banned in sports.
The document summarizes key events in the early years of the American Civil War from 1860 to 1864. It describes Lincoln's election and southern states' secession in late 1860. In early 1861, seven southern states form the Confederate States of America. After the bombardment of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Lincoln calls for volunteers to retake the fort which leads to more states seceding. Major battles like Bull Run and Antietam take place from 1861 to 1862. The Emancipation Proclamation is issued in 1863, freeing slaves in rebel states. Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg mark a turning point in 1863. Sherman's March to the Sea in 1864 helps secure Lincoln's reelection that year.
The document discusses various web publishing tools that can be used in education, including wikis, blogs, and RSS feeds. It provides reasons why educators should consider blogging, such as helping students relate to lessons, fostering collaboration, and acting as an online journal. Specific educational blogs are recommended in areas like social media, flipped learning, technology resources, and more. Both successes, like being able to teach and learn flexibly, and challenges, like fear of new projects, of using these tools are explored. Links to the author's created wiki, Glogster, blog, and discussion of RSS feeds are provided as examples.
O artigo discute a dimensão carismática da Igreja e a identidade da vida religiosa. Apresenta as principais conclusões de uma tese de doutorado sobre o ensinamento do Concílio Vaticano II, que vê a vida religiosa como parte constitutiva da dimensão carismática da Igreja, expressando carismas vivenciados em comunidade. Também mostra como esta doutrina foi acolhida na reflexão teológica pós-conciliar.
This document discusses implementing single sign-on for a multi-tenant SaaS application using SAML. It aims to address the issue of multi-tenancy in SaaS applications by allowing users to authenticate using their identity provider credentials rather than separate application credentials. The author implemented a loosely coupled SAML-based single sign-on solution for a SaaS application deployed on public cloud. This included configuring the application as a SAML service provider, importing identity provider metadata, and evaluating the solution to reduce storage and communication costs compared to conventional username/password authentication.
The document discusses various algorithms for searching data structures, including serial search with average time complexity of Θ(n), binary search with average time complexity of Θ(log n), and hashing techniques that can provide constant time Θ(1) search by storing items in an array using a hash function. It provides pseudocode for binary search and discusses improvements like interpolation search that can achieve Θ(log log n) search time on average.
EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
EIA 1994 and the further amendments are explained i.e. 2006 and 2020.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It discusses that EIAs ensure environmental factors are considered early in project planning and considers impacts on local communities and biodiversity. The EIA process involves screening projects, conducting initial environmental examinations and scoping, performing the full EIA and oversight, decision making, monitoring, and evaluation. Projects requiring EIAs are those likely to significantly impact the environment due to their nature, size or location. EIAs identify direct and indirect environmental effects and are intended to prevent or minimize adverse impacts and enhance project quality.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It discusses the EIA directive, aims of EIAs, the EIA process, and uses of EIAs. The EIA process involves screening projects, conducting initial environmental examinations and scoping, performing full-scale EIAs, decision making, monitoring, and evaluation. EIAs ensure environmental factors are considered early in project planning and aim to prevent or minimize potential adverse impacts and enhance project quality.
The document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in India. It provides background on EIAs, including how they identify environmental, social, and economic impacts of projects prior to decision making. It outlines the history of EIAs in India, from initial examination of river valley projects in the 1970s to the 1994 notification making environmental clearance mandatory. The 2006 amendments decentralized the process into Category A and B projects assessed at national and state levels, respectively. Monitoring and exemptions are also discussed.
The document summarizes the process for obtaining an Environmental Clearance (EC) in India. It outlines that an EC is required for new projects and expansions listed under Categories A and B. Category A projects require clearance from the central government, while Category B only needs clearance from the state-level authority. The process involves 4 stages - screening, scoping, public consultation, and appraisal. Projects are categorized as A or B based on their impacts. The roles of different stakeholders like the project proponent, EIA consultant, and regulatory authorities at each stage are also defined.
The document discusses the constitution and procedures of the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects in India. Key points:
- The committee evaluates environmental impact assessments and management plans for river valley and hydroelectric projects and recommends approval or rejection.
- It meets monthly to scrutinize project proposals and appraisal reports, and suggest mitigation measures.
- The committee's tenure is 3 years. It may visit project sites and co-opt experts for particular meetings. Minutes must be finalized within 5 days of each meeting.
RPN Manila 2022: Session 2.8 Richard Baron 2050 Pathways.pdfOECD Environment
This presentation was delivered during the 6th Meeting of the OECD Southeast Asia Regional Programme’s Regional Policy Network on Sustainable Infrastructure, which took place on 25-26 April 2022 in Manila, the Philippines. The OECD’s Public Governance Directorate and Environment Directorate teamed up with the OECD Korea Policy Centre to organise the event. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) of the Philippines co-chaired the event alongside the United States, and the Public Private Partnership Centre of the Philippines graciously provided the venue. For more details about the meeting, including the agenda and a short summary record, please visit: https://www.oecd.org/site/sipa/events/sipa-searp-philippines-2022.htm.
Strategic environmental assessment for energy productionNUST (IESE)
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was applied to the Belgian transmission system to integrate environmental considerations into decision making. Key steps in the SEA included scoping, identifying impacts, setting objectives and indicators, examining alternatives, and producing an environmental report. Challenges included a lack of regulatory pressure for SEAs in the private sector and slow development of authorized practices. Benefits included improved environment, opportunities for debate, and application to wider strategies. The study concluded that SEA should be mandatory for all energy strategies and located within organizational units.
Environmental assessment is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
The future of EIA - Legislative and regulatory changeIES / IAQM
The document discusses upcoming reforms to the UK planning system and environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. Key points include:
- The government aims to speed up decision making and reduce duplication in EIA through simplifying and digitizing requirements.
- Local authorities will have to update local plans by 2023 incorporating three new development zones - growth, renewal, and protected.
- Further consultation on reforms to environmental assessments and mitigation in planning is expected in 2020.
- Overall the reforms seek to streamline processes, increase housing development, and give local authorities more control over planning priorities while maintaining environmental standards. However, there is uncertainty around how some of these goals will be balanced in practice.
The document summarizes key aspects of environmental impact assessments in India. It discusses how EIA aims to identify environmental, social and economic impacts of projects prior to decision making. It outlines India's history with EIAs, the 2006 amendment that classified projects into categories, and proposed changes in the 2020 draft including reduced public hearing time, exemption of certain projects, and allowing post-facto clearances. Issues raised with the 2020 draft include potentially encouraging violations and weakening public engagement in favor of government discretion.
EIA is basically a tool used to assess the positive and negative environmental, economic and social impacts of a project. This is used to predict the environmental impacts of a project in the pre-planning stage itself so that decisions can be taken to reduce the adverse impacts.
In our June planning & development club we covered:
- an insider’s guide to housing association development
- air quality and planning update
- finance for development projects: meeting the funder's requirements for construction contracts.
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Economic, social and environmental change is inherent to development. Whilst development aims to bring about positive change it can lead to conflicts.
In the past, the promotion of economic growth as the motor for increased well-being was the main development thrust with little sensitivity to adverse social or environmental impacts.
The need to avoid adverse impacts and to ensure long term benefits led to the concept of sustainability.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environment.
To disclose significant environmental effects of proposed projects to decision-makers and the public.
ii) To identify ways to avoid or reduce environmental damage.
iii) To prevent adverse environmental impacts by requiring implementation of feasible alternatives or mitigation measuresEnvironmental clearance or the ‘go ahead’ signal is granted by the Impact Assessment Agency in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
All projects that require clearance from central government can be broadly categorized into the following:-
(1) Industries ..\Unit 1 notes\Environmental Clearance.docx
(2) Mining
(3) Thermal power plants
(4) River valley projects
(5) Infrastructure and CRZ (Coastal Regulation Zone)
(6) Nuclear power projects
Baseline information is important reference point for conducting EIA.
The term "baseline" refers to the collection of background information on the biophysical, social and economic settings proposed project area.
Baseline data are collected for two main purposes:
to provide a description of the status and trends of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutant concentrations) against which predicted changes can be compared and evaluated in terms of importance, and
to provide a means of detecting actual change by monitoring once a project has been initiated
important to establish mechanisms by identifying projects which requires EIA, and this process of selection of project is referred to as "Screening“
Scoping is to determine what should be the coverage or scope of the EIA study for a project proposal as having potentially significant environmental impactsEnvironmental impact assessment (EIA) can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environment.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environment EIA
Developing Guidelines for Public Participation on Environmental Impact Assess...Ethical Sector
On 24 February 2016, MCRB and PACT MPE (Mekong Partnership for Environment) co-organised a discussion in Yangon of public participation in EIA with the objectives of sharing experience which could be used to guide development of regional guidelines on public participation in EIA for the Mekong region (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) as well as planned public participation guidelines for the implementation of Myanmar’s new EIA procedures.
U Than Aye, (Yangon office of ECD, MOECAF) gave a presentation on the public participation provisions of the Myanmar government’s EIA Procedures which were adopted on 29 December 2015, highlighting the requirements for consultation and disclosure at different stages of the EIA and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) processes; and the resource constraints and faced by MOECAF.
It was taken into account before irrevocable development decisions are made. This paper attempts to review the developed framework for use into mining project proponents in the preparation of Environmental Impact Evaluation reports to meet the requirements of the Mines, Minerals Act and other statutory and legislative instruments dealing with the environment. It describe the significance of the environmental impact assessment EIA and its report or guidelines, as well as the procedures in stages on how project proponent interfaces with the federal ministry of environment and other entities in project management. It considers the environmental management plan EMP as compensatory measures for EIA and Mentioned also was the ability to identify key environmental impacts against project cycle for mining. The criteria and categories of mining projects according to environmental impact levels were discussed. Amosu Cyril Olumuyiwa "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/38456/environmental-impact-evaluation-of-mining/amosu-cyril-olumuyiwa
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptxILC- UK
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptxDiana Rose
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
How to Identify the Best Crypto to Buy Now in 2024.pdfKezex (KZX)
To identify the best crypto to buy in 2024, analyze market trends, assess the project's fundamentals, review the development team and community, monitor adoption rates, and evaluate risk tolerance. Stay updated with news, regulatory changes, and expert opinions to make informed decisions.
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Government Accounting in Nigeria
Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Explore the world of investments with an in-depth comparison of the stock market and real estate. Understand their fundamentals, risks, returns, and diversification strategies to make informed financial decisions that align with your goals.
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Madhya Pradesh, the "Heart of India," boasts a rich tapestry of culture and heritage, from ancient dynasties to modern developments. Explore its land records, historical landmarks, and vibrant traditions. From agricultural expanses to urban growth, Madhya Pradesh offers a unique blend of the ancient and modern.
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory FrameworksAny kyc Account
This presentation explores the pivotal role of KYC compliance in shaping and enforcing global regulations within the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies. Dive into the intricate connection between KYC practices and the evolving legal frameworks governing the crypto industry.
1. February 2002 Number 173
APPRAISING MAJOR
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
The Government wishes to speed the planning of major
infrastructure projects (MIPs) to minimise what it sees Possible types of major infrastructure projects
as unnecessary delays. As part of a wider package, it is DTLR has not yet defined the nature of the projects that
would come under the definition of MIPs, but has indicated
consulting1 on new procedures that would enable the types of projects that could be included:
Parliament to make a ‘Decision in Principle’ on whether • Airports – including new runways, runway extensions
a MIP should go forward to detailed scrutiny on local and airport terminals
issues at a planning inquiry. The Government intends • Power stations – including thermal, nuclear and
that Parliament is able to “fully consider” a scheme, renewable energy sources; and overhead electricity lines
• Nuclear facilities – including facilities for fuel
ensuring that there is “the opportunity for extensive fabrication, spent fuel reprocessing, waste storage or
public involvement”. disposal
• Ports and piers
The House of Commons Procedure Committee and the • Dams and reservoirs
Transport, Local Government and the Regions Select • Major roads
• Railway lines
Committee are examining the proposals. This briefing • Oil and gas facilities – including extraction facilities,
focuses on what is meant by MIPs, and how they can pipelines, terminals, storage facilities and refineries
be appraised2. • Chemical works
• Quarries and mines
Planning major infrastructure projects • Crown developments such as large military projects
MIPs are large-scale projects of national importance such
as new trunk roads, airports, ports, power stations,
nuclear facilities and chemical works (see box). There Parliamentary scrutiny of MIPs
has been concern that the land use planning for MIPs Under the new proposals, Parliament would be asked to
takes too long. While the vast majority of planning endorse or reject the principle of, need for, and location
inquiries last less than 30 weeks, occasionally, some of an individual project of major importance. This, the
cases arise that take considerably longer - a now classic Government sees “would add weight and accountability
example is the Heathrow Terminal 5 inquiry which sat to the overall decision-making process”. Parliament’s
for a record 524 days. Such delays can occur if the endorsement would not confer planning permission, only
inquiry spends a long time considering matters of that Parliament thought it fitting for the project to
national interest, as opposed to local issues. Therefore, proceed to detailed scrutiny at a local planning inquiry.
the Government is proposing a range of measures to The Government’s proposed timetable for the
speed up the process. These include: the Government Parliamentary procedures is set out in the box at the top
making national3 and regional policy statements (e.g. on of the next page. An analysis of further details of the
airport capacity); followed by Parliamentary Decisions in proposed procedures will be undertaken by the House of
Principle on specific proposals (e.g. a second runway at Commons Procedure Committee, and is beyond the
Gatwick airport); before detailed scrutiny on more local scope of this short briefing, which concentrates on the
issues at a planning inquiry. features of technical appraisal of MIPs.
2. postnote February 2002 Number 173 Appraising major infrastructure projects Page 2
The Government’s proposed timetable for Good practice in project appraisal
Parliamentary scrutiny of MIPs
Scoping - The first stage of an appraisal is to identify the key
The Government’s primary purpose for these proposals is to issues arising from the project in terms of its effects on:
speed up the planning of MIPs. Thus, the Department of • Environmental factors including (among others) climate
Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) has change, air and water pollution, soil quality, landscape
proposed the following timetable: and wildlife conservation, noise and nuisance, cultural
• day 0 - the Secretary of State designates a MIP, and heritage and archaeology
copies the details to Parliament. The public can begin • Economic factors such as the number of jobs created
representations to Parliament directly and to the locally, the impact on local, national and regional
Secretary of State (who will copy these to Parliament). economies, earnings and income
• day 21 – deadline for developer to submit, to the • Social factors including effects on populations, health,
Secretary of State, a statement of need and benefits. communities, deprived and vulnerable groups, and
This too is submitted to Parliament access to leisure and cultural amenities.
• day 42 – deadline for representations to the Secretary
of State, but Parliamentary scrutiny can continue. Assessment and mitigation - This is the ‘heart’ of the
• day 56 – deadline for the Secretary of State to deliver to appraisal, and comprises a series of steps to identify:
Parliament a summary of representations received. • the features of the proposed development and the
• day 60 (as sitting days4) – the earliest time for laying alternatives considered
the draft Order for the MIP. Parliament can continue its • the nature and magnitude of the effects of the project
scrutiny until the debate takes place on the draft Order. • the significance of those effects
• measures to avoid, substitute for or mitigate
unacceptable effects
Technical input to project appraisal • the significance of any residual effects
• proposals for monitoring and review.
Principles
The precise nature of the project appraisal necessary for
MIPs will be determined by the particular procedures Assessing environmental impacts
Parliament itself adopts. Clearly, the provision of all Procedures for assessing the environmental impacts of
relevant technical information is a fundamental particular projects are well established and legally
requirement. Similarly, it is important to have access to codified in the EU Environmental Assessment Directive7.
sources of independent advice and analysis5 and to apply They are transposed into UK law through a range of
robust frameworks for appraisal that can take into statutory instruments. The Government has produced
account adequately the economic, social and guidance on good practice in environmental impact
environmental factors involved in the project. Also, open assessment and there is a professional registration
and transparent processes of decision making should scheme for practitioners. Nevertheless, environmental
strive to be independent of vested interests and to assessment still suffers from a number of limitations, not
employ inclusive processes that provide ready access to, least that alternative options, and cumulative, indirect
and effective engagement by the public. and non-local effects are rarely assessed.
Appraisal in practice Recognising such limitations, the DTI’s Foresight
Any project appraisal requires three basic aspects to be Programme (through the Environmental Appraisal
examined. First, the project should comply with Taskforce of the Energy and Natural Environment Panel)
national, regional and local land use planning guidance recommended8 that Government should work with the
and policy. Second, the proposed principle and design professional community to develop and spread best
for the project should be appropriate for meeting its practice in appraisal. Similarly, quality standards and
stated objectives. This should take into account potential more comprehensive data sources are required, alongside
alternative means to meet the objectives, and also other better relationships between academic researchers and
locations and engineering designs. For example, the A34 professional practitioners. The Task Force also
Newbury bypass was proposed to relieve congestion and recommended that guidance be developed for public
pollution in the town centre and allow through traffic to officials to use cost-effective environmental appraisal.
flow more freely. Matters for appraisal included whether
a new road was the best way to meet the objectives, and Economic impact
any scope for public transport and traffic management To date, there has been less formal codification of
schemes. Once a road solution was chosen, further economic appraisal, although HM Treasury has published
questions arose over how effects from road alignments its ‘Green Book’ on the use of economic appraisal9 of
and engineering designs could be minimised. public investment decisions. This guidance stresses that
appraisal is essential for good decision-making and that
Lastly, the question arises as to whether the balance of good appraisal entails: clarity about objectives;
all costs, risks and benefits of any proposed MIP is identification of alternative ways of meeting them;
acceptable in the national context – i.e. set against a estimation of the costs and benefits of each option; and a
developer’s statement of need and benefits (see box full account of the associated risks and uncertainties.
above). This would require the assessment of the However, it recognises that no technical analysis can
impacts of the proposed scheme on sustainable ever give “the right answer” – it can only ever be an
development6, i.e. on economic, environmental and essential input into good decision-making.
social factors (see box opposite).
3. postnote February 2002 Number 173 Appraising major infrastructure projects Page 3
Assessing social impacts consultation and deliberation, to the transfer of some (or
There is very little formal guidance on the consideration all) decision-making responsibility to the public.
of social impacts. However, the International Association
for Impact Assessment has published a set of guidelines Once the objectives have been agreed, the method of
produced by US authorities10. This sets out a wide range public involvement can be defined, and this crucially
of social factors that should be included but stresses that affects its outcome. Much work here has shown that the
social impact assessment should consider the interests of chances of winning acceptance for a project are
all those potentially affected by a project. A key concern increased with earlier inclusion in project design of
within social impact assessment is to determine the potentially of affected people.
distribution of the costs, risks and benefits arising from a
project, and to identify mitigation measures to enable a Issues
more equitable distribution. The Environmental Designating projects as MIPs
Appraisal Task Force emphasised the need to develop The Government’s consultation paper states that the
tools and guidance for social impact assessment. Secretary of State would be “sparing” in designating
MIPs for Parliamentary scrutiny. Indeed, in evidence to
Pulling the appraisals together the Commons Environmental Audit Committee14, the
Good decision-making requires that environmental, Secretary of State suggested that Parliament might be
economic and social factors are brought together and asked to make Decisions in Principle on MIPs around
that the results of appraisals are taken fully onboard. In two or three times each year. The DTLR suggests that
recent years the idea of developing a framework for the Secretary of State would be likely to examine each
‘integrated’ appraisal (sometimes known as case separately and “focus on schemes he judged to be
‘sustainability’ appraisal) has attracted growing attention. of national significance.”
Since the mid-1990s, this has been increasingly applied
to development plans, although issues remain. DTLR has outlined the types of projects that might be
considered as MIPs (see box on page 1). At this stage,
First, any appraisal needs to be undertaken at a time however, the technical basis for the criteria by which a
when it can influence decision-making. Second, project could be designated as a MIP remains unclear.
appraisal is only one input to inherently political decision- Similarly, it is not clear of the project types outlined by
making and cannot substitute for it. Finally, the DTLR, which would truly be of national (rather than
development of integrated appraisal tools is still in its regional or local) importance, and so how many of these
infancy, although one such tool (Quality of Life Capital11) types of development would be designated as MIPs. As
has recently been developed, and is now being piloted. such, some suggest that MIPs are likely to come forward
less frequently than envisaged by the Secretary of State.
Appraisal will have to use a range of tools such as
environmental and social impact assessment, risk Scope of the appraisal
assessment and cost-benefit analysis, with efforts made As well as deciding on the principle of and need for a
to integrate these tools during the appraisals and in the MIP, the Government’s proposals also seek Parliament’s
period of decision-making. The development of endorsement of its planned location. In response, the
integrated appraisal will proceed incrementally and Council for the Protection of Rural England (CPRE) has
pragmatically, with tools designed to be ‘fit for purpose’. expressed concern, arguing that this would deny local
Parliamentary scrutiny of MIPs would require that people an opportunity to question the appropriateness of
specific appraisal techniques were developed to meet its the location. CPRE argues that this is a vital principle of
unique needs, but drawing on experience from elsewhere. a local public inquiry and that Parliament ought not to
make decisions on location. However, it is difficult to see
Public involvement how a Decision in Principle on a project intended for a
Considering the views of people and organisations likely specific location (such as a second runway at Gatwick
to be affected by a development has long been widely airport) could avoid considering local issues.
recognised as essential in any project appraisal. Such
involvement aims to ensure both fairness in decision- Perhaps more important is to acknowledge that location-
making and also to reveal sources of information and specific appraisals are likely to be complex, and unique
perspectives that technical analysts may overlook or to each project. As such, the exact nature of advice and
misinterpret. Indeed, for environmental decision-making, analysis (and hence the timescales necessary) to support
public participation is a requirement of the 1998 Aarhus decision-making on MIPs by both Houses of Parliament
Convention12. This has yet to be transposed into law, but may vary from project to project.
an EU draft directive is currently being prepared.
Ensuring robust appraisal
In 2001, POST published a report on public dialogue in It is the Government’s stated intention that the proposed
science and technology13. This showed that a procedures for considering MIPs should allow both
fundamental requirement of effective public involvement Houses of Parliament to “fully consider” a scheme. In its
is to define its objectives clearly. These can range from initial response to the Government’s proposals, the Royal
relatively straightforward receipt of public views and Town Planning Institute called for an independent body
comments, through more involved processes of to distil the issues for Parliament. It argued that without
4. postnote February 2002 Number 173 Appraising major infrastructure projects Page 4
objective information, Parliament “would not be able to Resources for appraisal
come to the right decision”. If the two Houses take on Appraisal resources will depend on: the frequency of
the role proposed by DTLR, they would need to consider Parliament’s scrutiny of MIPs; the precise Parliamentary
how they could assure themselves that they would procedures adopted; the timescales adopted for decision
receive timely, comprehensive and high quality making and the capacity and capabilities of Parliament to
information. Two options arise: to provide the resource undertake robust appraisals and enable effective public
internally, or to have sufficient internal capacity to engagement. These factors will have a direct effect on
commission, manage, interpret and communicate the resources required for Parliament to give ‘proper
information from external experts. consideration’ to the project.
More generally, the Foresight Environmental Appraisal Review
Task Force recommended a range of actions necessary to Over time, a project’s design or external circumstances
improve the rigour of project appraisals, including: may change. Should this occur after a project has gained
• quality standards Parliamentary endorsement, the evidence base on which
• training and guidance for public officials on simple the two Houses of Parliament had appraised the proposal
approaches to integrated project appraisal might lose some relevance, with implications for the
• tools and processes for social impact assessment previously made decision. The questions arise whether
• means of integrating social, economic and and how such Parliamentary decisions could respond to
environmental appraisals. such circumstances.
Public involvement Endnotes
Current planning inquiry procedures have some measure 1 Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, 2001.
of public input. Many argue however, that they are New Parliamentary Procedures for processing major infrastructure
inadequate, particularly in three respects: they require projects. 17 December 2001. Available on DTLR’s web site at:
specialised knowledge of inquiry procedures; many www.planning.dtlr.gov.uk/consult/majinfra/pdf/infostruc.pdf
2 POST is also examining overseas experience of similar systems.
individuals or small groups find it difficult to access the
3 Some groups have argued parliamentary scrutiny at this stage.
system, and few have sufficient resources to be effective.
4 This is in relation to Parliamentary adjournments, with the ‘clock
The Government’s proposals for MIPs would create a new stopping’ for adjournments of 4 days or more.
level of public involvement in the planning system. Some 5 Local authorities employ their own professionals and use
groups, such as CPRE, Friends of the Earth (FoE), the consultants; Planning Inspectors can use technical assessors.
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and the 6 This is an overarching principle of Government policy-making.
Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) have 7 EU Environmental Assessment Directive (85/337).
expressed concern that this level may create a significant 8 DTI (2001). Towards more sustainable decisions. Report of the
challenge to effective public involvement. Many people Environmental Appraisal Task Force of the Energy and Natural
do not regularly take part in government consultations or Environmental Panel (see www.foresight.gov.uk)
Parliamentary processes, particularly if these are 9 HM Treasury (1997) “The Green Book” Appraisal and Evaluation
in Central Government. Treasury Guidelines. London: The
exercised through ‘traditional’ means like written
Stationery Office. www.treasury.gov.uk/mediastore/otherfiles/75.pdf
consultations. As such, TCPA, FoE, RSPB and CPRE are
10 e.g. see Guidelines and principles for social impact assessment.
concerned that Parliamentary scrutiny of MIPs will create Available on the International Association for Impact Assessment
further barriers to public involvement. Indeed, TCPA has website at: http://www.iaia.org/Publications/SIA%20Guide.PDF
suggested that a Parliamentary committee scrutinising a 11 see www.qualityoflifecapital.org.uk
project should visit the locality, actively seek out local 12 UNECE (1998). Convention on access to information, public
opinion and take formal evidence there. participation in decision-making and access to justice in
environmental matters. Done at Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998
It has been widely acknowledged (e.g. by the Public 13 POST report 153, “Open Channels – public dialogue in science
Administration Select Committee15, the Government, and and technology”, March 2001 (www.parliament.uk/post/pn153.pdf)
the Leader of the House of Commons16) that processes 14 House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee 2001.
Evidence for 22/11/01, Q166, HC 326-ii. 18 December 2001.
are needed to enable more people to connect with
15 Commons Public Administration Committee, 2001. 6th report
Parliament in general. Also, as discussed above, public
(2000-01) Public Participation: Issues and innovations. HC 373-I.
participation in decision-making can help to improve the Government response: 1st report (2001-02), HC 334, Nov 2001.
technical quality of the process. Nevertheless, public 16 Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Commons.
participation is not a simple task. As discussed above, Memorandum submitted by the Leader of the House of Commons.
objectives must be clear, and the method adopted for Session 2001-02 HC440 December 2001.
engaging the public should be specifically designed to 17 e.g. an over-reliance on internet-based dialogue on MIPs might
meet the objectives17. Therefore, given the forthcoming disproportionately exclude those without ready internet access.
requirements of the Aarhus Convention for public
participation, questions arise over how scrutiny of MIPs POST is an office of both Houses of Parliament, charged with providing
independent and balanced analysis of public policy issues that have a basis in
can, as the Convention states: science and technology.
• provide “reasonable timeframes” for participation
• adopt “appropriate” methods of participation Parliamentary Copyright 2002
The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 7 Millbank,
• take “due account” of participation in decision- London SW1P 3JA Tel 020 7219 2840
making.
www.parliament.uk/post/home.htm