This document analyzes the cement industry in India using Porter's Five Forces framework. It finds that there are high barriers to entry into the industry due to large capital costs and limited raw material sources. While most companies have captive limestone reserves, suppliers of alternative fuels have pricing power. There is also no threat of substitution and no bargaining power for buyers. However, competitive rivalry is moderate due to regional competition and overcapacity weakening prices. Overall, the Five Forces analysis finds the industry has high barriers to entry and some supplier pricing power, but moderate competitive rivalry.

1. Five Forces Analysis of Cement
Industry in India
ASSIGNMENT 2
HARDIK MUNGEKAR
2ND YR. M.ARCH.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
HIRAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Cement Industry in India
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis provides a “competitive forces” framework that allows us to
better understand the different dimensions that govern competition within an industry.
Porter’s five forces are:
 Competitive rivalry
 Threat of substitutes
 Bargaining power of buyers
 Bargaining power of suppliers
 Barriers to entry and exit.

3. Threat of New Entry
 Threat of New Entry Entering the business is expensive, given the capital cost of around
Rs7,200 per ton.
 Limited raw material sources (limestone, gypsum) and extreme government clearances also
limits new rivalry.
 Huge players advantage from economies of scale.
 Wide appropriation and showcasing channels are critical key resources that are hard to
imitate by new players, along these lines restricting entry.
 Increasing costs implies bring down IRR for new green-field capacities.
 Generally, high barriers to entry.

4. Buyer Power
 Around 65% of cement in India is consumed by the housing sector, with retail customers
accounting for the bulk of the customer base. But retail buyers do not have much
leverage in dictating the pricing.
 Lack of substitutes also causes no buyer power.
 Local markets are dominated by small number of cement firms.
 Demand is inelastic— exists at all price points.
 Overall, no buyer power.
 No threat, as there is no substitute for cement. Other building materials such as timber
are only suitable for low-rise buildings. On the other hand, although steel can be used for
medium to high-rise buildings, building regulations normally require structural steel to be
encased in concrete for fire protection purposes. This increases the importance of
cement and hence reduces the threat of its substitutes.
Threat of Substitution

5. Supplier Power
 Most companies have captive limestone reserves, so no supplier power here.
 Coal linkages have reduced so companies depend more on alternative fuel sources, where
suppliers can dictate prices.
 Cement manufacturers have argued that price hikes in the industry are due to increases in
the price of both transportation and raw materials.
 This means that suppliers are powerful enough to force new prices on the industry.
 Overall, moderate to high supplier power.
 Large companies enjoy economies of scale.
 Competition is regional is nature, as cement cannot be transported across regions.
 Given over-capacity, slowdown in demand weakens prices, so no real pricing power.
 Overall, moderate competitive rivalry.
Competitive Rivalry