The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of converting direct speech into indirect speech based on tense changes. Direct speech uses quotation marks while indirect speech does not. Pronouns and adverbs of time and place are changed in indirect speech according to rules. The document also provides a table outlining these rules for various tenses and examples to demonstrate the conversions between direct and indirect speech.

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Direct and Indirect Sentence
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Process
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By : Amelia Nur’ Indh
201212501229
R6G

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 Introduction
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There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person.
1. Direct speech
2. Indirect speech
Suppose your friend whose name is John tells you in school, “I will give you a pen”. You come to home and you want to
tell your brother what your friend told you. There are two ways to tell him.

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1. Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
had gone to his country
he has gone to his country
he will go to his country
he went to his countrye.
he goes to his country
a
b
c
d
e
True
False

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2. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he wanted to know ____
if Mary was absent
why Mary was absent
why was Mary absent
that Mary had been absent
why Mary had been absent
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b
d
c
e
a
True
False

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 Task 3
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3. Mother : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is
sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy : What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___ because the baby was
sleeping.
I wasn’t so noisy
not to be so noisy
don’t be noisyd.
I am very noisy
to be not so noisye
d
c
b
a
True False

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4. Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother : What did the doctor tell you?
Son : The doctor told me ___
that I open his mouth
if I opened my mouth
to open my mouth
to open my mouth
opened my mouth
d
e
c
b
a
True
False

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 Task 5
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5. Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
whether I want meatball or fried chicken
that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
that I want meatball or fried chicken
if I want meatball or fried chickene
d
c
b
a
True
False

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 Process
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Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold." › Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching
English online."
›
Past continuous
She said she was teaching
English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the
web since 1999."
›
Past perfect simple
She said she had been on
the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching
English for seven years."
›
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been
teaching English for seven
years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online
yesterday."
›
Past perfect
She said she had taught
online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching
earlier."
›
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been
teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had
already started when he
arrived."
›
Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the
lesson had already started
when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been
teaching for five minutes."
›
Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said
she'd already been teaching
for five minutes.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present
He said, “I go to Jakarta every month.”
Simple Past
He said (that) he went to Jakarta every
month.
Simple Past
He said,”I went to Jakarta every month
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta
every month.
Present Perfect
He said, “I have gone to Jakarta every
month.”
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta
every month.
Present Continuous
He said,”I am going to Jakarta every
month.”
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta
every month.
Past Continuous
He said, “I was going to Jakarta every
month.”
Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been going to
Jakarta every month.
Future (will)
He said,”I will go to Jakarta every
month.”
Would + verb
He said (that) he would go to Jakarta
every month.
Furure (going to)
He said, “I am going to Jakarta every
month.”
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta
every month.

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Adverbs, Articles, dan Modal
can ---> could
will ---> would
here ---> there
now ---> then
next week ---> the following week
shall ---> should
may ---> might
this ---> that
yesterday ---> the day before
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source : http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech
/Kursus Bahasa Inggris Online © 2013. All Rights Reserved. Powered by Indosports.TV,
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 Evaluation
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1. Answer : A (if direct simple past, indirec must be past perfect)
2. Answer : E (direct past tense so indirec must be past perfect)
3. Answer : B (direct: don’t + be so indirect: not + to be)
4. Answer : D (direct: V1 + O so direct: to V1 + O)
5. Answer : A (direct: do/does + S +V1 so indirect: if/whether + S + V2)

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Fundamental rules for indirect speech.
1. Reported speech is not enclosed in quotation marks.
2. Use of word “that”: The word “that” is used as a conjunction between the reporting
verb and reported speech.
3. Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed
according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first
part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change.
In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed in
indirect speech into the pronoun (Subject) of reporting verb that is “he”.