The document explains Cause-Effect diagrams, also known as fishbone diagrams, which visually illustrate the relationship between an outcome and its contributing factors. It highlights the causes of poor student placements in education, categorizing them into issues like curriculum design, government policies, infrastructure, university-industry linkage, and economic health, and suggests various solutions for improvement. Ultimately, it emphasizes the role of these diagrams in identifying root causes rather than symptoms, fostering a comprehensive understanding of problems.

1. SOMEONE
PLEASE
GIVE ME A
JOB!!!!!

2. WHAT IS A
CAUSE EFFECT
DIAGRAM??

3. CAUSE -EFFECT DIAGRAMS , ALSO KNOWN AS ISHIKAWA DIAGRAMS,FISHBONE
DIAGRAMS, HERRING DIAGRAMS OR FISHIKAWA, WAS CREATED BY KAORU
ISHIKAWA THAT ILLUSTRATES THE CAUSES OF A PARTICULAR EVENT.
THE MAIN AIM OF THIS DIAGRAM IS TO ILLUSTRATE IN A GRAPHICAL WAY THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A GIVEN OUTCOME AND THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE
FOR THAT OUTCOME.
THUS, FOCUSSING ON THE SPECIFIC ISSUE WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE
COMPLAINTS AND IRRELEVANT DISCUSSIONS WHICH LEADS TO THE
IDENTIFICATION OF THE ROOT CAUSES OF AN EVENT.

4. THE CAUSES ARE USUALLY CATEGORISED AND GROUPED TO IDENTIFY
VARIOUS SOURES OF VARIATION.
THIS DIAGRAM INCLUDES FOUR BASIC STEPS -
• IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
• WORKOUT THE MAJOR FACTORS INVOLVED
• IDENTIFY POSSIBLE CAUSES
• ANALYSE YOUR DIAGRAM

5. THE ENTIRE DIAGRAM LOOKS LIKE A FISH SKELETON,THEREFORE IT IS CALLED AS
FISHBONE DIAGRAM.

6. CAUSE-EFFECT DIAGRAM ON
POOR PLACEMENTS
OF STUDENTS

7. CURRICULUM
FACULTYSKILLS
EQUIPMENTSGOVT. POLICIES
NON FLEXIBILTY
POOR PRACTICAL
APPROACH
NOT AT PAR WITH
GLOBAL STDS.
LOW EMPHASIS ON
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
POOR ASSESSMENT
TECHNIQUES
NO EXCHANGE
PROGRAMMES
NOT MARKET
DRIVEN
NO INDUSTRY –
UNIVERSITY LINKAGE
LESS PLACEMENT
CELLS
NON UNIFORM ADMISSION
PROCEDURE
LESS BUDGETARY
ALLOCATION
LOW INVESTMENT IN
R&D ACTIVITIES
NON PRIORITY
OF RISK CAPITAL
LESS GLOBAL EXCHANGE
PROGRAMMES
OBSOLETE
TECHNOLOGY
LOW
MAINTANENCE
INADEQUATE LAB
FACILITIES
LACK OF HARD SKILLS
LACK OF SOFT SKILLS
POOR GENERAL
KNOWLEDGE
CLUELESS IN
TECHNOLGY
POOR COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
BAD WRITING SKILLS
POOR ANALYTICAL
SKILLS
LACK OF
CONFIDENCE
POOR BODY
LANGUAGE
LACK OF
COMPENTENCY
LOW TEACHER-
STUDENT RATIO
POOR PAY
STRUCTURE
LACK OF
PASSION
POOR TEACHING
SKILLS
POOR PERSONALITY AND
COMMUNICATION
POOR
PLACEMENT OF
STUDENTS
LACK OF PROPER
EDUCATIONAL POLICIES

8. FIVE ROOT CAUSES FOR POOR PLACEMENT
OF STUDENTS
POOR DESIGNING OF CURRICULUM
POOR AND INAPPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT POLICIES
INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE
POOR UNIVERSITY- INDUSTRY LINKAGE
WEAK HEALTH OF ECONOMY

9. RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
FOR THE ROOT
CAUSES

10. DESIGNING OF CURRICULUM
ALL STAKE HOLDERS(STUDENTS, POLICY MAKERS AND EMPLOYERS) TO BE TAKEN ON
BOARD FOR DESIGNING OF AN NEED BASED CURRICULUM.
MORE COLLABORATION /TIE UP WITH THE LEADING UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD.
 CURRICULUM SHOULD BE FLEXIBLE i.e. STUDENT IS FREE TO DECIDE THEIR
SUBJECTS OF INTEREST.
MORE EMPHASIS SHOULD BE GIVEN ON COMPUTERISED ASSESSMENT ,WHERE EVER
POSSIBLE ,TO AVOID HUMAN BIASNESS.
BESIDES DEVELOPING CORE COMPETENCY,PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT ,PRACTICAL
SKILLS OF THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE GIVEN EMPHASIS.

11. GOVERNMENT POLICIES
STRICT REGULATIONS TO CONTROL THE MUSHROOMING OF FAKE AND POOR
UNIVERSITIES/INSTITUTIONS.
BUDGETARY ALLOCATION OR SUBSIDY TO BE GIVEN FOR ENCOURAGEMNT OF R&D
AND INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES.
RISK / VENTURE CAPITAL TO BE CREATED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE
IDEAS.
FLEXIBILITY TO BE GIVEN FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.
STANDARDISATION OF ADMISSION PROCEDURE ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
UNIFORM AND BETTER PAY STURCTURE TO ATTRACT GOOD AND EFFICIENT FACULTY.

12. ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE
ALL INFRASTRUCTURAL INPUTS SHOULD BE AS PER STANDARD NORMS.
PROPER MECHANISM TO BE INCORPORATED TO MONITOR THE OUTDATED LAB
EQUIPMENTS , NUMBER OF EQUIPMENTS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR
IMPARTING QUALITY EDUCATION.
ADOPTING MODERN APPROACH OF TEACHING.
SELECTION PROCEDURE OF THE FACULTY SHOULD BE COMPHREHENSIVE TO
SELECT THE BEST ONE.
REGULAR TRAINING SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO THE FACULTY FOR KEEPING THEM
UPDATED.

13. INDUSTRY –UNIVERSITY LINKAGE
TODAY’S CLASSROOM TEACHING APPROACH ENHANCE ONLY THE ACADEMIC
SKILLS AND NOT THE SKILL REQIURED FOR INFIELD WORKING.
THE GAP BETWEEN PRACTICAL REQUIREMENT AND ACADEMIC INPUT CAN BE
REDUCED ONLY WHEN THE STUDENTS ARE PUT TO ACTUAL WORKING
CONDITIONS DURING THEIR STUDIES , THUS MAKING THEM MORE EMPLOYABLE.
INNOVATIVE IDEAS OR PRODUCTS CAN BE DEVELOPED WITH THE HELP OF
INDUSTRIES.

14. ECONOMICAL HEALTH
 GOOD ECONOMIC HEALTH OF ANY COUNTRY PROVIDE MORE EMPLOYMENT
OPPURTUNITIES WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY.
 THIS WILL ALSO HELP TO INVEST MORE IN EDUCATION SECTOR.
 BIG INDUSTRIAL HOUSES MAY ENTER INTO THE EDUCATIONAL FIELD.

15. CONCLUSION AND LESSON LEARNED
CAUSE-EFFECT DIAGRAM HELPS IN FOCUSSING ON THE CAUSES AND NOT ON
THE SYMPTOMS.
IT HELPS US TO CONSIDER ALL THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF A PROBLEM, RATHER
THAN JUST THE ONES WHICH ARE MOST OBIVIOUS. THUS, HELPING US
DEVELOP A COMPHRESENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROBLEM.
IT HELPS IN THINKING IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY AND IDENTIFYING THE AREAS OF
IMPROVEMENT.