Polymer 2
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Dr. Neelam from the Department of Chemistry discussed the classification of polymers based on their mechanism of polymerization. There are two main types: chain growth polymers, which are formed through free radical, cationic, or anionic mechanisms by which additional polymers are added to a growing chain; and step growth polymers, also called condensation polymers, which form through a step-by-step condensation reaction between functional groups rather than a chain reaction, examples being nylon, bakelite, and dacron. Chain growth polymerization involves the continuous addition of monomers to a growing polymer chain, while step growth polymerization progresses through the step-by-step condensation of monomers or oligomers.
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校名:学校英文全称
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Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
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This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
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Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Polymer 2
- 1. Presented by Dr. Neelam Department of chemistry Polymers - II
- 2. Classification based on Mechanism of polymerisation: (i) Chain growth polymerisation : Additional polymers are chain growth polymers. Chain growth polymerisation takes place by- (a) Free radical mechanism :
- 3. (b) Cationic mechanism : Alkenes having electron releasing group are polymerised by cationic mechanism. Examples : CH2=CH–O–CH3 (c) Anionic mechanism : Alkenes having electron withdrawing group are polymerised by cationic mechanism. Examples : CH2=CH–CN (ii) Step growth polymerisation : Condensation polymers are step growth polymer. This polymerisation progresses through step by step. Examples : Nylon, bakelite, dacron, etc.
- 4. Some common addition polymers/chain growth polymers
- 6. Some condensation polymers/step growth polymers
- 7. Thank you