Applied Chemistry Topic for 1st Year 2nd Semester

1. POLYMER
Addition Polymerization
X = X X = X X = X X = X -- X – X – X – X – X – X – X – X --
Condensation Polymerization
R OH + C O
H
H
C
H
C
O
HOMOPOLYMER
HETEROPOLYMER
THERMOPLASTIC : Can be moulded with heating, does not undergo chemical change
THERMOSETTING : Does not melt by heating, long heating causes decomposition
Eg: Polythene, PVC
Eg: Bakelite

2. OH
+ CH2O
OH
CH2OH
BAKELITE :
OH
CH2OH
HO
HOH2C
OH
CH2OH
HO
HOH2C
H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
H2
CCH2
CH2
n

3. POLY VINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
n
C C
H
Cl
H
H
+ C C
H
Cl
H
H
C C
H
H
H
Cl
POLYSTYRENE
n
HC CH2 HC CH2
CH*
H2
C *
n
C
H
H
C
H
CH3
C
H
H
C
H
CH3
C*
H
H
C *
CH3
H
POLYPROPYLENE

4. TEFLON
n
C
F
F
C
F
F
C
F
F
C
F
F
C*
F
F
C *
F
F
BIOPLASTIC : Derived from renewable Biomass such as veg fats, oils, starch etc.
POLY LACTIC ACID (PLA)
POLY HYDROXY BUTYRIC ACID (PHB)
POLY HYDROXY ALKANOATES(PHA)
Susceptible to photodegradation

5. SYNTHETIC RUBBER NATURAL
C
CH3
H
CCH2
CH2 C
CH3
H
CCH2
CH2
C
H
H
C
CH3
C
H
C
H
H
*
n
ISOPRENE
BUNA - S
C
H
CCH2 CH2
H
C
H
CH2
C
H
H
* C
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H2
C
n
BUNA - N
C
H
CCH2 CH2
H
C
H
H
C
H
CN

6. NEOPRENE
C
Cl
CCH2 CH2
H
C
H
H
* C C
H
C
H
H
n
C
Cl
CCH2 CH2
H Cl
C C
H
H3C
H3C
H
C C
H
H3C
H3C
H
C
CH3
H3C
C
H
H
*
n
BUTYL
SILICONE
n
Si
CH3
CH3
HO OH Si
CH3
CH3
HO OH Si OO
CH3
CH3
Si
CH3
CH3
O

7. VULCANISATION To modify natural rubber (to nake it non – tacky), S is added by reaction
with S2Cl2, H2S etc.
H2
C C C
H
H2
C
H2
C C C
H
H2
C
H2
C C C
H
H2
C
H2
C C C
H
H2
C
S S S S
H2
C C
H
C
H2
C
H2
C C
H
C
H2
C
H2
C C
H2
C
H2
C
H2
C C C
H
H2
C
S S S S

8. SYNTHETIC FIBRE
N
O H
C C
H2
O
N
5
H
*
n
NYLON - 6
N
H
H
H2
C N
H
H
6
C
O
OH
H2
C C
O
OH
4
NYLON – 6:6
N
H
H
H2
C N
H
6
C
O
H2
C C
O
OH
4

9. N
H
H
H2
C C
O
OH
10
N
H
H
H2
C C
O
OH
10
Nylon 11
N
H
H2
C C
O
10
N
H
*
H2
C C
O
10
TERYLENE OR DACRON
C C
O
OH
O
OH
HO
H2
C
H2
C OH
O
H2
C
H2
C O C C
O O
O
n

10. RAYON
Natural Cellulose
(derived from wood – pulp)
Viscose
(from which Rayon can be prepared)