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Applied Chemistry Topic for 1st Year 2nd Semester
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![PAINT
1. Pigment:
White: Pb(CO3)2, Pb(OH)2, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2
Lithophene (50% ZnS + 50% BaSO4)
BLACK : Lamp black, Carbon black
BLUE : Indigo, Prussian Blue KFe[Fe(CN)6], Ultramarine (Na, Al,
SiO3
͞
RED : Fe2O3 , Pb3O4 , PbCrO4.Pb(OH)2
GREEN : Cr2O3
YELLOW : PbO, PbCrO4
2. Vehicle : Esters of High fatty acids
i) Linsed Oil
ii) Soyabin Oil
iii) Dehydrated castrol oil
DISSOLVES
RIGIDITY
BINDERS OF PIGMENTS
WATER REPELLANT](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paint-190612090923/85/Paint-1-320.jpg)
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Ultrasound color Doppler imaging has been routinely used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, enabling real-time flow visualization through the Doppler effect. Yet, its inability to provide true flow velocity vectors due to its one-dimensional detection limits its efficacy. To overcome this limitation, various VFI schemes, including multi-angle beams, speckle tracking, and transverse oscillation, have been explored, with some already available commercially. However, many of these methods still rely on autocorrelation, which poses inherent issues such as underestimation, aliasing, and the need for large ensemble sizes. Conversely, speckle-tracking-based VFI enables lateral velocity estimation but suffers from significantly lower accuracy compared to axial velocity measurements.
To address these challenges, we have presented a speckle-tracking-based VFI approach utilizing multi-angle ultrafast plane wave imaging. Our approach involves estimating axial velocity components projected onto individual steered plane waves, which are then combined to derive the velocity vector. Additionally, we've introduced a VFI visualization technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions capable of tracking flow particle trajectories.
Simulation and flow phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed VFI method outperforms both speckle-tracking-based VFI and autocorrelation VFI counterparts by at least a factor of three. Furthermore, in vivo measurements on carotid arteries using the Prodigy ultrasound scanner demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach compared to existing methods, providing a more robust imaging tool for hemodynamic studies.
Learning objectives:
- Understand fundamental limitations of color Doppler imaging.
- Understand principles behind advanced vector flow imaging techniques.
- Familiarize with the ultrasound speckle tracking technique and its implications in flow imaging.
- Explore experiments conducted using multi-angle plane wave ultrafast imaging, specifically utilizing the pulse-sequence mode on a 128-channel ultrasound research platform. (May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...Scintica Instrumentation
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Ultrasound color Doppler imaging has been routinely used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, enabling real-time flow visualization through the Doppler effect. Yet, its inability to provide true flow velocity vectors due to its one-dimensional detection limits its efficacy. To overcome this limitation, various VFI schemes, including multi-angle beams, speckle tracking, and transverse oscillation, have been explored, with some already available commercially. However, many of these methods still rely on autocorrelation, which poses inherent issues such as underestimation, aliasing, and the need for large ensemble sizes. Conversely, speckle-tracking-based VFI enables lateral velocity estimation but suffers from significantly lower accuracy compared to axial velocity measurements.
To address these challenges, we have presented a speckle-tracking-based VFI approach utilizing multi-angle ultrafast plane wave imaging. Our approach involves estimating axial velocity components projected onto individual steered plane waves, which are then combined to derive the velocity vector. Additionally, we've introduced a VFI visualization technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions capable of tracking flow particle trajectories.
Simulation and flow phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed VFI method outperforms both speckle-tracking-based VFI and autocorrelation VFI counterparts by at least a factor of three. Furthermore, in vivo measurements on carotid arteries using the Prodigy ultrasound scanner demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach compared to existing methods, providing a more robust imaging tool for hemodynamic studies.
Learning objectives:
- Understand fundamental limitations of color Doppler imaging.
- Understand principles behind advanced vector flow imaging techniques.
- Familiarize with the ultrasound speckle tracking technique and its implications in flow imaging.
- Explore experiments conducted using multi-angle plane wave ultrafast imaging, specifically utilizing the pulse-sequence mode on a 128-channel ultrasound research platform. (May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...Scintica Instrumentation
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Paint
- 1. PAINT 1. Pigment: White: Pb(CO3)2, Pb(OH)2, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2 Lithophene (50% ZnS + 50% BaSO4) BLACK : Lamp black, Carbon black BLUE : Indigo, Prussian Blue KFe[Fe(CN)6], Ultramarine (Na, Al, SiO3 ͞ RED : Fe2O3 , Pb3O4 , PbCrO4.Pb(OH)2 GREEN : Cr2O3 YELLOW : PbO, PbCrO4 2. Vehicle : Esters of High fatty acids i) Linsed Oil ii) Soyabin Oil iii) Dehydrated castrol oil DISSOLVES RIGIDITY BINDERS OF PIGMENTS WATER REPELLANT
- 2. 3. THINNER : TERPENTINE, NAPTHA, KEROSENE, BENZENE, XYLOL Reduces viscosity Increases elasticity 4. DRIER : Oxygen carrying catalyst PbO, MnSO4 , ZnSO4 , MnO2 5. Filler : Fills the voids SiO2, CaSO4.2H2O, CaCO3 , Mica 6. Plasticizers : Increases elasticity Trycresyl Phosphate, Dibutyl Phthalate DISTEMPER (Water Paint) Chalk Glue Pigment Water (Thinner)
- 3. SNOWCEM (Cement Paint)70% White Cement Ca(OH)2 Pigment SiO2 Colloidal suspension of drying oil and thinner OIL varnish: Drying oil, Linsed oil, Terpentine, Copal SPIRIT varnish: Drying oil, Spirit