Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder that affects women during their childbearing years. It causes small fluid-filled sacs to develop on the ovaries and can lead to irregular periods, excess hair growth, and fertility issues. Left untreated, PCOS increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other health problems. Lifestyle changes like weight loss and medication can help manage symptoms and health risks. Treatment aims to address individual symptoms and may include birth control pills, diabetes medications, or fertility treatments like clomiphene or IVF.

1. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME(PCOS)- RISK FACTORS
AND TREATMENT
Polycystic ovary syndrome, broadly known as PCOS, is an endocrine system issue that
influences women in their conceiving years. Small liquid-filled sacs develop on the ovaries. It is
otherwise called or Stein-Leventhal syndrome.
Symptoms incorporate changes to the menstrual cycle and overabundance hair development.
Untreated, it can prompt infertility and different health problems. Early determination and
treatment are recommended. Weight reduction may also diminish the risk of related health risks,
for example, insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and hypertension.
Most ladies with PCOS grow various small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs on their ovaries. The
growths are not harmful; however, they can prompt an irregularity in hormone levels. Ladies
with PCOS may also encounter menstrual cycle variations from the norm, increased androgen
(sex hormone) levels, abundance hair development, skin break out, and obesity.
Along with the numerous health conditions related to PCOS, PCOS is the most well-known
reason for infertility in women – because it can prevent ovulation. Women who can conceive
with PCOS have a higher rate of unsuccessful labor, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-actuated
hypertension, preeclampsia, and premature delivery.

2. Risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome
PCOS is thought to have a hereditary problem. Individuals who have a mother or sister with
PCOS are bound to create PCOS than somebody whose relatives don’t have the condition. This
family history is the fundamental risk factor. Sugar is the body’s essential source of vitality, and
it is controlled in the body by insulin, which is emitted by the pancreas. An individual with
insulin resistance can’t utilize insulin proficiently. This makes the pancreas go into overdrive
discharging extra insulin to meet the body’s glucose needs. Excess insulin is thought to influence
a woman’s capacity to ovulate due to its impact on androgen production. Research has
demonstrated that women with PCOS have low-grade inflammation that stimulates polycystic
ovaries to create androgens.
Pregnancy and menopause
PCOS can build certain risks for pregnant women. Women who are influenced by PCOS may
encounter the impacts all through their lifetime. There might be an expanded risk of premature
delivery, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm births. After delivery, there is an
increased risk of the newborn being put in the neonatal intensive care unit, or death before,
during, or soon after birth. These complications are progressively normal in different births, for
instance, twins or triplets. Symptoms, for example, excessive hair growth and male pattern
baldness can last past menopause and may turn out to be worse.
several health risks associated with PCOS include
• Type 2 diabetes
• Infertility
• High cholesterol
• Elevated lipids
• Sleep apnea
• Liver disease
• Abnormal uterine bleeding
• High blood pressure
• Obesity possibly leading to issues with low self-esteem and depression
• Metabolic syndrome

3. • Nonalcoholic fatty liver (steatohepatitis)
• Depression and anxiety
Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
There is no remedy for PCOS, yet treatment expects to deal with the symptoms that influence a
person. This will depend upon whether the individual needs to end up pregnant and plans to
lessen the risk of secondary medical conditions, for example, heart disease and diabetes.
There are a few suggested treatment choices of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,
including:
Birth control pills: These can help manage hormones and periods.
Diabetes medications: These help to manage diabetes if needed.
Fertility medications: If pregnancy is wanted, these incorporate the utilization of clomiphene
(Clomid), a combination of clomiphene and metformin, or injectable gonadotropins, for
example, follicle-invigorating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) prescriptions. In
specific circumstances, letrozole (Femara) might be prescribed.
Fertility treatments: These incorporate In-Vitro Fertilization treatment (IVF) or inseminations.
Excessive hair growth might be decreased with the medication spironolactone (Aldactone) or
eflornithine (Vaniqa). Finasteride (Propecia) may also be suggested, however, it ought not to be
dealt with by women who may end up pregnant. Anybody using spironolactone should utilize
conception prevention, because of the risk of birth defects whenever taken while
pregnant. Breast-feeding benefiting from this drug isn’t suggested.
Are you suffering from PCOS and worried about whom to consult for the best cure? You are at
the right place! Dr. Shwetha Y Baratikkae at Janisthaa IVF Center Bangalore with her immense
expertise and hundreds of clients success rates, she can guide you in the right way to deal with
your fertility issues with the most innovative treatment methods.