Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen and the presence of cysts on the ovaries. Lifestyle changes including modest weight loss through diet and exercise, managing stress, and making healthy choices can help manage symptoms. The key aspects of lifestyle changes are weight loss through diet that reduces calories and fat intake, regular exercise of 30-45 minutes most days of the week, and changing eating habits long term with a sensible diet.

1. POLYCYSTIC OVARIES IN
TEENAGERS-
HOW TO COPE UP?
SURG LT CDR VAIDEHI THAKUR
GYNAECOLOGIST
INHS KALYANI

2. What is PCOS?
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones.
• Italian physician Antonio Vallisneri first
described its symptoms in 1721.

3. What is PCOS?
• The imbalances in hormones typically show as
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Features due to high androgens
(including testosterone)
in the body
• Multiple small cysts in the ovaries

4. What is PCOS?
• PCOS is very common.
• It affects 1 in 15 of reproductive age group (ages 15 to 44)

5. What is PCOS?
The word “polycystic” means “many cysts”

6. What is PCOS?
• PCOS affects ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce estrogens
and progesterons — hormones that regulate menstrual cycle.
• The ovaries also produce
small amount of male hormones - androgens.

7. What are the symptoms?
• PCOS can cause VARIED symptoms
• If left untreated - significantly harms person’s overall health

8. What you might notice?
• Irregular cycles (8 /10)
• Infrequent (more common), frequent, unpredictable, or absent
• Periods may be very heavy or very light

9. What you might notice?
PCOS have high testosterone(7/10)
Facial and body hair (back, belly and chest)
(Excess hair growth is called hirsutism)
Acne - skin becomes oilier than usual
and cause breakouts on areas like
face, chest, and upper back.

10. What you might notice?
• .
MALE PATTERN BALDNESS-
Hair on the scalp gets thinner
and fall out.
DARKENING OF THE SKIN-
Dark patches of skin in body
creases like neck, groin, under
the breasts

11. What you might notice?
• Insulin resistance
Obesity (abdominal)
-80%
Depression and anxiety
Headaches
(due to hormonal
changes)

12. Why it happens: causes of PCOS
Genetics Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Causes
SEDENTARY
LIFESTYLE
UNHEALTHY DIET
COMBO

13. How PCOS is diagnosed?
• History
• Blood tests for hormones and sugar - testosterone, thyroid hormone, prolactin,
and tests of sugar metabolism.
• Pelvic ultrasound

14. How PCOS affects your body?
Higher-than-normal androgen levels affect
many aspects of health

15. How PCOS affects your body?
• Due to hormonal changes
• Symptoms like unwanted hair growth negatively affects
emotions.
Depression

16. How PCOS affects your body?
Metabolic syndrome (80 % ) -
overweight or obese
Both obesity and PCOS increase risks for
• High blood sugar
• High blood pressure
• Low HDL (good) cholesterol
• High LDL (bad) cholesterol
They increase the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke
Metabolic
syndrome

17. How PCOS affects your body?
• Causes repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which
interrupt sleep.
• The risk for sleep apnea is 5 to 10 times higher in obese
women with PCOS than in those without PCOS
Sleep
apnea

18. How PCOS affects your body?
• During menstruation, the uterine lining sheds. If no
menstruation every month, the lining builds up.
• A thickened uterine lining can increase risk for endometrial
cancer .
Endometrial
Cancer

19. How PCOS affects your body?
• Type 2 DM,
• Cardiovascular disease
• Obesity
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Early diagnosis and treatment help reduces these risks significantly.

20. PCOS- How to cope up ?
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
SET THE GOALS
SET THE RIGHT
GOALS

21. Why is healthy lifestyle important in PCOS?
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
DIET
EXERCISE
WEIGHT LOSS

22. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
• Losing just 5 to 10 % of your body weight
• Helps regulate menstrual cycle
• Improves PCOS symptoms
• Improves cholesterol levels
• lowers insulin
• Reduce heart disease and diabetes risks.
WEIGHT LOSS

23. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
• Low-carbohydrate diets and less sugar intake
• Weight loss and
• Lowers insulin levels.
• Low glycemic index diet Most
• Carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Helps regulate menstrual cycle better than regular weight loss diet
DIET

24. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
Exercise help women with PCOS lose weight.
Losing weight with exercise improves
-Ovulation
-Insulin levels
EXERCISE

25. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
• Help lose more weight than either intervention alone
• Lowers risks for diabetes and heart disease
EXERCISE
DIET

26. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
Anxiety and depression improves with lifestyle changes

27. Set the Goals
WEIGHT LOSS EXERCISE DIET

28. Set the Goals
• Initial goal - reduce body weight by approximately 10% from baseline.
• Weight loss should be about
• ½ kg to 1 kg /week
• Gradual for a period of 6 months
• Later approach based on the amount of weight lost.
WEIGHT LOSS

29. Set the Goals
• Avoid crash diets
• It deprives body of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and nutrients
that it needs to sustain itself.
• Will actually burn the muscle tissue to provide brain with sufficient
energy to function.
DIET

30. Set the Goals
• Physical activity is important
• 30 -45 minutes
• Moderate-intensity exercise
• 3-5 days a week
EXERCISE

31. Set the Right Goals
Setting the right goals is an important first step.
Effective goals
REALISTIC
ATTAINABLE

32. Set the Right Goals
Specific
achievable
forgiving
If you are held with
work one day
Attainable
Unachievable
Specific and
measurable
Unspecific
Fine goal

33. Watch What You Eat
CHANGING EATING
HABITS FOR LONG
TERM
SENSIBLE DIET

34. Watch What You Eat
• Low-calorie diets are recommended for
weight loss
• For a weight loss of ½ kg to 1 kg /week,
the daily intake should be reduced by
500 to 1,000 calories.
• A daily calorie intake of 1,000 to 1,200 calories
will help most women lose weight safely.
• Reducing fat as part of a low-calorie diet is a practical way to reduce calories.

35. Watch What You Eat - TIPS
Tips for sensible low calorie diet:
• Instead of frying foods, roast, bake or shallow-fry them.
• Microwave oven helps for easier, fatless cooking.
DESSERTS
SWEETS

36. Watch What You Eat - TIPS
Or heat whichever milk you get - Refrigerate it for 24 hours -
Remove malai from the surface - Strain the rest of milk -
Use.
WHEAT, RICE
OATS,CORNMEAL
BARLEY
LOW FAT
IMPORTANT
NUTRIENTS
FRUITS
HEALTHIER,
LOW
CALORIES

37. Watch What You Eat- TIPS
• Changing the way you eat can help you to eat less and not feel
deprived.
• Eating slowly will help feel more satisfied
• It takes 15 or more minutes for our brain
to get the message that we’ve eaten
• Slowing the rate of eating allows to feel
full sooner and, therefore, help eat
less

38. Watch What You Eat - TIPS
• Using smaller plates helps to moderate portions so they
don’t appear too small.
• Drinking at least 8–10 glasses of water each day will help
feel full, possibly eat less, and benefit in other ways.
• Serving food from the kitchen instead of at the table - less
tempted to eat more.

39. Move your Body

40. Physical Activity
• Physical activity should be an essential part of weight loss therapy and weight
maintenance.
• Initially,
• Moderate levels of physical activity
• 30 to 45 minutes,
• 3 to 5 days per week should be encouraged.
• long-term goal
• Moderate intensity physical activity
• Atleast 30 minutes or more
• Most, preferably all, days of the week.

41. Physical Activity- TIPS
• If you don't have time for 30 minutes of activity all at
once, try breaking it up into three 10-minute sessions of
activity
• Use the stairs instead of an elevator.
• Get off the bus one stop early and walk the rest of
the way
• Park your car at the far end of the parking lot and walk
the extra distance.

42. Physical Activity-TIPS
• Swimming is a great exercise for entire body.
• Walk, bike or jog to see your friends.
• Take a 10-minute activity break every hour
while you read, watch TV or while working
on your computer.
• Play with kids. You will benefit from all the
extra activity.

43. Moving Forward
Weight management is a long-term challenge
influenced by behavioral, emotional and
physical factors.

44. Reward Success
Rewarding on achievement of goals can encourage achievement of further goals.
But Not with Food

45. Reward Success
• The rewards you choose may be material, e.g.
• A movie,
• A music CD, or
• Payment towards buying a larger item or
• An act of self-kindness
(e.g. an afternoon off from studies).

46. Thank you

47. QUESTIONS
1] WHAT IS THE TRIAD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PCOS?
47
QUESTIONS

48. QUESTIONS
2] WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF PCOS ON ULTRASOUND?
48
QUESTIONS

49. QUESTIONS
3] WHAT ARE THE 3 KEYS OF LIFESTYLE CHANGES?
49
QUESTIONS

50. QUESTIONS
4] WHAT IS THE MINIMAL STANDARD FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR
WEIGHT LOSS?
50
QUESTIONS

51. QUESTIONS
5] OVER HOW MUCH TIME SHOULD THE MEALS BE EATEN AND WHY?
51
QUESTIONS

52. QUESTIONS
6] HOW MUCH SHOULD BE THE AVERAGE WEIGHT LOSS IN ONE WEEK
DURING WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMME?
52
QUESTIONS

53. 53
Thank you