The document discusses a new type of battery called a lithium-ion battery. It provides details on the composition and operation of lithium-ion batteries, including that they use lithium ions as a key component and have several advantages over traditional batteries such as higher energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge. Lithium-ion batteries are now commonly used in various portable electronic devices and have the potential to be used in electric vehicles to reduce emissions.

1. !
" !
!
! "
# $ %
&
' ()*+,
,
-,
.,
"# $ % & ' ()

2. !
" !
&
' ()*+,
,
-,
.,
"# $ % & # & * ' ()+ + '(, &
- . / 0 # 1& % & 2 2 3 & 4
/ 0 0
/ 1 2
3 45
&
6
&
' ()*+,
,
-,
. 7,
' 45,
8 49: 05,
49; ; ; 0 7 7 7 -5,
8 49; ; ; 0 7 7 7 -5,
" 45,
.

3. !
" !
0 "-5
1
7 8 <
-
- -
= >
) 4?5
@ 8
A <
< ? ,
B 4? 5
678 % *
•
• "
•
• -
69 8/%% &&
•
•

4. !
" !
* 4 4 3 & : 1
7 '
= >
475C " " %
A,
? ,
,
-
/
7 D %
= 3 - %A
) > %7*=A 4 5
/
@ D %
A 3 - %7*=A
B > %A*** 4 5
8 %
D % > "
E "

5. !
" !
4=5C " " %
A*,
? 7,
?? =,
7 ,
= 7,
-
/
7 D %
= 3 - % A*
) > % A*** 4 5
/
@ D % 7
A 3 - % A***
B > % F*** 4 5
/
G D % =
H 3 - % F***
F > % FAAA 4 5
8 %
D %
? - "
- "

6. !
" !
& & 1
• 8 "
• 8
"
• " " "
• :$
• 8 "
- -
• 8 " $ "
* 4
7
"
75 ?
=5 8
)5 8
D %75 0 0
=5
)5 D
=* 3
@*FB >
,8 # 4 " 8
; < ;

7. !
" !
- =
3 45
&
7* ? ,
8 ,
8 49I > 3 ; 0 5,
8 49I 3 3 ; 0 5,
8 49I > 3 ; 0 5,
.
:$ % " J K J K
"
?
0 / # *
>
$ $ L
"
75 > "
=5 "
)5
D %
M
- =
<
>
L
4NN5
L
4 5
>
>
>
>
O
P
= 7*** NN 7**= FFH =
# A A =*** NN =**@ 7FFB @

8. !
" !
/ : # 0
(A+ &A 7* 7A =* =A.
> 7** 7*= 7*@ 7*B 7*H
: A 7* 7A =* =A
$ * 7 = ) @
(*+ 7**
(7+ 7*=
>
(*+ E
?
' 9 >)?
' 9 > ?
' 9 > ?
7 ' >)?
76 + 8' > ?
@ 4 *A # % 1 % #
DL

9. DL@
DL

10. DL@
DL

11. DL@
DL

12. DL@
E *
-
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
(A+ A 7* 7A =* =A.,
,
45,
4 *,1A,NN5
4QI (; + ; Q (+5,

13. !
!
4QI (; + ; Q (+5,
45,
.
0 /
% 67 8B ?
4? 5(7*+,
! 7*
-
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
? (A+,
4? 5(A+,
45,
,
,
4Q ; ; Q 5,
NN,
NN,
4Q ; ; Q 5,
45,
.
L % BAA7B BAA7B
BAA7H BAA=B
-
BAA7B 4 5 BAA7B
8 =

14. !
!
NN N7 BAA7BN74= 5 BAA7H
NN %% +6 1 % 7* 4 1 * 1 1% 8
BAA7BNA ?= BAA=B
/ 10
% 7 B ?
:$ % ?$(7*+,
R 7*
. # # # 1 %% : * 1 % # 1
-
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
(A+? (A+ ,
45,
4Q: Q5,
4 *,1A,NN5
4Q; Q (+5,
4 *,1A,NN5
(+ (+,
4 *,1A,NN5
4Q; Q? (+5,
45,
.
-
? (A+ (A+

15. !
!
A ?'9 ?
# $ (*+ (*+ 7***
? (+
7***
7*** A -
C * % 0
7 1 * 6 4 4 8
- /%% :
M????????????????# 8 ?????????????????M
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
? 4 5,
45
? ,
45,
4Q: D Q5,
4Q; ; Q 5,
4 5,
4Q ; Q? 5,
45,
.
? 4 $ 5
,
$N ,
4 5,
.
:$ % $

16. !
!
4 5
4? 5
4 5
4 % 0
$ 4? 5
- . / 0 % 4 1 3 % % % 4 *# *
M????????????????8 ?????????????????M
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
()*+? ,
45,
4Q: Q5,
4 5,
,M? ?M
4? S TI*T5
4Q; Q? 5,
NN,
.
45,
.
:$ %?
' %

17. !
!
# $ %
O C JI*K
7*** 7**7 7**= 7**) 7**@
7*** JOK
' 4 7***5
E 4? S KI*K5 4 -
5
4? 5 -
0 *
' ()*+,
' ()*+,
,
.,
- ? ,
D %75 ? -
=5 $ % * 7
=5 # 1 4 : # 0 =
= 6 : 8
0 = 4 3 5
7 4 5
$ % 2 2 2 P
$
D77777777777777770 * 77777777777777777D
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
-

18. !
!
()*+,
()*+,
,
.,
- 7,
- ? ,
7,
45,
4Q: Q5,
4Q; ; ; Q 7 7 7 5,
4Q; ; ; Q 7 7 7 5,
4Q; ; ; Q 2 2 2 5,
4Q; ; ; Q4? 5 4? 5 4? 5 5,
45,
.
- 0 = 2 = #2 = 4 # : %%
7 27 #27 4 # : #
$ : 7
-
7 7 7
-
7
4 75
- 8 2 2 2
0 0
7 7

19. !
!
D77777777777777770 0 77777777777777777D
/ 1 2
/ 1 2
45
A ? ?? ,
,
,
45,
4QI 3 ; 3 ; 3 ; Q ? ?? 5,
4QI ; ; ; Q ? 5,
45,
.
-
A 4 A
M BAA=@5
8 4 BAA=@5
? 4? A5
?
?? ?4 5 4? 5
? A
A ? A ?? A
BAA=@
8 BAA=@4 BAA=@ BAA==5
BAA==
2 ? ? BAA=@
BAA=@ BAA== BAA=@