This document lists expected questions from the Theory of Computation subject for 5th semester CSE students. It includes short questions and long questions on topics such as the differences between DFAs and NFAs, regular expressions, grammars, Turing machines, complexity classes, decidability, and more. A total of 30 short questions and 19 long questions are provided to help students prepare for their exam.
Also since {a} is regular, {a}* is a regular language which is the set of strings consisting of a's such as , a, aa, aaa, aaaa etc. Note also that *, which is the set of strings consisting of a's and b's, is a regular language because {a, b} is regular. Regular expressions are used to denote regular languages.
Also since {a} is regular, {a}* is a regular language which is the set of strings consisting of a's such as , a, aa, aaa, aaaa etc. Note also that *, which is the set of strings consisting of a's and b's, is a regular language because {a, b} is regular. Regular expressions are used to denote regular languages.
NFA Non Deterministic Finite Automata by Mudasir khushikMudsaraliKhushik
NFA Non Deterministic Finite Automata.
Basics
tuples of NFA
NFA Examples
Transition Table and man more things which you want to understand like Language, Rules, Alphabets, Descriptive Method, Regular Expression, String, and Finite Automata.
Clojure - an introduction (and some CFML)Kai Koenig
This is a talk I gave at CFCAMP 2012 in Munich. It's an introduction to Clojure for CFML developers and how to leverage Clojure from a CFML developer's point of view.
There are various examples and demo code that's not on the slides, contact me if you're interested in it.
NFA Non Deterministic Finite Automata by Mudasir khushikMudsaraliKhushik
NFA Non Deterministic Finite Automata.
Basics
tuples of NFA
NFA Examples
Transition Table and man more things which you want to understand like Language, Rules, Alphabets, Descriptive Method, Regular Expression, String, and Finite Automata.
Clojure - an introduction (and some CFML)Kai Koenig
This is a talk I gave at CFCAMP 2012 in Munich. It's an introduction to Clojure for CFML developers and how to leverage Clojure from a CFML developer's point of view.
There are various examples and demo code that's not on the slides, contact me if you're interested in it.
Description of all types of Loaders from System programming subjects.
eg. Compile-Go Loader
General Loader
Absolute Loader
Relocating Loader
Practical Relocating Loader
Linking Loader
Linker Vs. Loader
general relocatable loader
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
1. EXPECTED QUESTIONS
BRANCH: CSE SEMESTER: 5TH
SUB: THEORY OF COMPUTATION
PREPARED BY:ASST.PROF.SANTOSH KUMAR RATH
Short questions:
1. What is the difference between DFA and NFA?
2. Design a NFA which accepts set of all binary strings 1100 or 1010 as substring.
3. Write the regular expression over alphabet Ʃ={a,b,c}, containing atleast one a and atleast one b.
4. State the difference between Moore machine and Mealy machine? What is the length of the
output string for Moore machine for input string of length k?
5. Design a DFA for the language containing all strings on which leftmost symbol differs from
rightmost symbol over Ʃ={a,b}?
6. Define the meaning of terminals and non-terminals.
7. What do you understand by decidable?
8. Design PDA for the grammar given below:
S->aS|a|c
9. State Chomsky normal form with an example.
10. Describe Chomsky’s classification of language of automata theory.
11. What is the difference between language and grammar?
12. Write at least two difference between natural language and formal language.
13. Distinguish between context free context sensitive language.
14. State the difference between NP-complete and NP- hard problems.
15. Explain what it means for a language to be class P ? Give two examples of class P problem.
16. What do you mean by recursive and recursively enumerable language?
17. What is the difference between finite automata and turing machine.
18. What is theory of computation?
19. Define linear bounded automata with an example.
20. Explain decidability concept of CFG.
21. What do you understand by a language accepted by PDA by empty stack.
22. Design a DFA for even number of 1’s over Ʃ={0,1}.
23. What is a useless symbol and how can they be removed from a grammar?
2. EXPECTED QUESTIONS
BRANCH: CSE SEMESTER: 5TH
SUB: THEORY OF COMPUTATION
PREPARED BY:ASST.PROF.SANTOSH KUMAR RATH
24. What is maximum number of states in a DFA that is converted from an NFA of n number of
states.
25. What is ambiguity in CFG? Explain with an example.
26. What is Church Turing hypothesis?
27. What Clique problem? Explain with an example.
28. Define PCP(post correspondence problem).
29. What is muti-tape and multi-head turing machine.
30. Define the ID(instantaneous description) of PDA.
31. Differentiate between positive closure and kleen closure .
32. What is transition system? Explain with example.
33. Design an NFA which accept set of all binary strings containing the 3rd
symbol from the left end
is 1 and 2nd
symbol from left end is 0 .
34. What is –closure of a set? Explain with an example.
35. What is godel number?
36. Consider the following grammar
S->a|abSb|aAb
A->bS|aAAb| ϵ
And derive the string abababb by using rm (rightmost) derivation.
Long questions:
1. Construct a DFA equivalent to M=({q0,q1}, {0,1}, δ, q0, { q0 }) Where δ is defined by
its state table as follows.
__________________________________________________
State/Alphabet 0 1
__________________________________________________
q0 q0 q1
q1 q1 q0, q1
___________________________________________________
2. Define pumping lemma. Show that L={an
| n is prime } is not regular.
3. State and prove Arden’s theorem ?
3. EXPECTED QUESTIONS
BRANCH: CSE SEMESTER: 5TH
SUB: THEORY OF COMPUTATION
PREPARED BY:ASST.PROF.SANTOSH KUMAR RATH
Find out the regular expression for the following transition diagram.
0 1 1 0,1
1 1 0
4. Define Griebach normal form. Convert the following grammar to Griebach normal form
S ->AA|a, A->SS|b
5. Let P be the set of all palindromes over {a,b}. Construct the grammar that generates P.
6. Design a turing machine to find 1’s complement of a binary number.
7. Costruct NFA for the following regular expression
i) a(ab)*aa
ii) (ab+bb)*
8. Show that P is closed under a) union, b) concatenation and c)complementation
9. What is the difference between moore machine and mealy machine ?
10. Design a DFA for the language which will accept all binary strings divisible by 3 .
11. Show that the language L={an
cbn
|n≥ 1} is accepted by a PDA.
12. Prove that for every NFA ,if L is the step accepted by NFA, then there exists a DFA which also
accepts L.
13. State and prove undecidability of post correspondence problem.
14. State and prove Arden’s theorem.
15. Write short notes on:
a) Universal turing machine
b) Church turing hypothesis
c) Normal form
d) Counter machine
16. Prove or disprove the following regular expression r,s
a) (R+S)*=R*+S*
b) (rs+r)*=r*+(sr+r)*
17. Give a context free grammar that generates the language L={w|{a,b}*:w contains atleast three a’s}
18. Find the language generated by the following
q3
q2q1
4. EXPECTED QUESTIONS
BRANCH: CSE SEMESTER: 5TH
SUB: THEORY OF COMPUTATION
PREPARED BY:ASST.PROF.SANTOSH KUMAR RATH
a) S->0S1|0A, A->1A|1
b) S->0S1|0A|0|1B|1A
19. What is Ackermann’s function.
Compute the value of A(1,1), A(2,1) using Ackermann’s function.