3. ELEMENTS OF
POETRY

4. SOUND
FORM
AND
STRUCTURE
METER
AND
RHYTM

5. RHYME
ASSONANCE
ALLITERATION

7. The Ancient Mariner
By Samuel T. Coleridge
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew
The furrow followed free
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea

8. Example:
Each-Either
Old-Mouldy
Lady-Baby
Deep-Tree

9. Example:
If all be true that I do think, (a)
There are five reasons we should drink, (a)
Good wine, a friend, or being dry, (b)
Or lest we should be by and by (b)
Or any reason why (b)

10.  A rhyme can be a source of
inspiration
 Rhyme pleases most readers
because it is interesting and
pleasing
 Appeal to the reader memory

11. Behold, we know not anything (a)
I can but trust that good shall fall (b)
At last-far off-at last to all (b)
And every winter change to spring (a)

12. O, rest ye, brother mariners, we will not
wander more
When read aloud, this heptameter line will
sound as though it were written
O, rest ye, brother mariners,
We will not wander more

13. Stanza
Form
Fixed Form
Continuous
Form

14.  The elements of formal design is slight. Without formal
grouping.
 Example: a poetry by Walt Whitman
WHEN I HEARD THE LEARN’D ASTRONOMER
When I heard the learn’d astronomer
When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before
me,
When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and
measure them,
When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with
much applause in the lecture-room

15.  Writes in a series of stanzas, that is
repeated units having the same number of
lines, same metrical pattern , and often an
identical rhyme scheme.
Example: a poetry by Thomas Gray
ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea
The plowman ho meward plods his weary way
And leaves the world to darkness and to me

16.  Traditional pattern that applies to a whole poem. It
has been experimented by limerick and sonnet
Example:
The Limerick
There was a young lady of Niger
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They return from the ride
With the lady inside,
And the smile on the face of a tiger

17.  Blank Verse: or unrhymed iambic
pentameter lines
Example:
Tears, idle tears, I know not what they mean
Tears from the depth of some divine despair
Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes,
In looking on the happy Autumn-fields,
And thinking of the days that are no more

18. Percy Bysshe Shelley-Ode To The
West Wind
O wild west wend, thou breath of
Autumn’s being
Thou, from where unseen presence
the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghost from an
enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and
hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O
thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry
bed
The winged seeds, where they lie
cold and low,
Each like corpse within its grave,
until
Thine azure sister of the spring
shall blow

19.  Free Verse is actually not verse at all;
 it is not metrical.
 It may be rhymed or unrhymed-most
often are rhymed
 It doesn’t conform to any kind of
meter.
 Its diction, it’s liberal use of figurative
language and of symbols, and its
essentially dramatic method all mark
it as belonging to the great tradition of
poetry

20.  Must be fourteen lines in length, and it almost
always is iambic pentameneter.
William Wordsworth
IT IS BEAUTEOUS EVENING, CALM AND FREE
It is beautious evening, calm and free,
The holy time is quiet as a Nun
Breathless with adoration: the broad sun
Is sinking down and its tranquility;
The gentleness of heaven broods o’er the Sea
Listen the mighty Doing Is awake,
….

22.  Meter is the kind of rhythm we can tap our
foot to. In language that is metrical the
accents are so arranged as to occur at
apparently equal intervals of time, and it is
this interval we mark of with the tap of our
foot.
 Rhythm implies: something is here, then it is
replaced by something and then the first thing
return. E.g.; the rhythm of season: winter,
spring, summer, autumn. The rhythm of
heavenly bodies: moon, stars, the sun.

23.  Scansion is the act of marking a poem to
show the metrical unit of which is composed.
 The smallest of this metrical units is syllable
 Example:
Learned until flattery forceps alabaster
Accented/
stressed
Unaccented/
unstressed

24. Combination of stressed and unstressed
syllable which constitutes the recurrent
rhythmic unit of line.
 Iambic Unaccented-Accented
 Trochaic Accented-Unaccented
 Dactylic Accented-Unaccented-
Unaccented
 Anapestic Unaccented-Unaccented-
Accented
 Spondaic Accented-Accented
 Phyrrhic Unaccented-Unaccented

25. A line is a succession of feet which usually
begins with capital letter.
Iambic: with loads of learned lumber in his
head
Trochaic: pleasant was the landscape
Dactylic: one more unfortunate
Anapestic: with his nostrils like pits full of
blood to the brim

26.  Monometer : one foot
 Dimeter : two feet
 Trimeter : three feet
 Tetrameter : four feet
 Pentameter : five feet
 Hexameter : six feet
 Heptameter : seven feet
 Octameter : eight feet