Third lecture for my students in English 104A, UC Santa Barbara, spring 2012. Course website: http://patrickbrianmooney.nfshost.com/~patrick/ta/s12/index.html
Classifications of Poetry
I. Narrative Poems.
1. Tells a story. (Series of events.)
A. Ballad
1.) very short story
2.) folk product – regular people
3.) simple plot and language
4.) has dialogue
B. Metrical Tale
1.) short story in verse
2.) more descriptions
3.) poet expresses attitudes and opinions
C. Epic
1.) extremely long. (Novel length story in verse.)
2.) about national heroes, kings, great warriors, etc.
3.) elevated tone, lofty style. Language is highly poetic.
II. Lyric Poems.
1. Expresses an emotion. Does not tell a story.
2. Shares a moment – does not explain it.
3. Keys to understand – refer to “Understanding Traditional Poetry.”
a.) Logical content – what the writing actually says.
b.) Emotive content – feeling the writing produces.
A. Reflective Lyric: 99% of school poems fall in this category!!!
1.) Emotional response through recall/ reflection (past tense.)
2.) Usually calm
B. Elegy:
1.) Expresses grief at death.
2.) Usually dignified.
3.) Formal language and structure.
C. Ode:
1.) Any sustained lyric poem of exalted theme.
2.) Often commemorating some important event.
3.) Dignified formal language / irregular structure
D. Sonnet:
1.) Dignified subject matter
2.) FIXED FORM !
a.) Italian (Petrarchan)
abba
abba
cdc, cdc or cdcdcd
b.) English (Shakespearean)
abab
cdcd
efef
gg
III. Dramatic Poetry.
A. Dramatic Narrative: Tells a story by the person involved.
B. Dramatic Monologue: One speaking to others on stage. They listen, character speaks.
C. Soliloquy: One character on stage speaking alone (to himself.)
References:
www.poetrysoups.com
www.allpoetry.com
www.wisegeek.org
www.yourdictionary.com
www.bartleby.com
www.olypen.com
www.goole.com
Third lecture for my students in English 104A, UC Santa Barbara, spring 2012. Course website: http://patrickbrianmooney.nfshost.com/~patrick/ta/s12/index.html
Classifications of Poetry
I. Narrative Poems.
1. Tells a story. (Series of events.)
A. Ballad
1.) very short story
2.) folk product – regular people
3.) simple plot and language
4.) has dialogue
B. Metrical Tale
1.) short story in verse
2.) more descriptions
3.) poet expresses attitudes and opinions
C. Epic
1.) extremely long. (Novel length story in verse.)
2.) about national heroes, kings, great warriors, etc.
3.) elevated tone, lofty style. Language is highly poetic.
II. Lyric Poems.
1. Expresses an emotion. Does not tell a story.
2. Shares a moment – does not explain it.
3. Keys to understand – refer to “Understanding Traditional Poetry.”
a.) Logical content – what the writing actually says.
b.) Emotive content – feeling the writing produces.
A. Reflective Lyric: 99% of school poems fall in this category!!!
1.) Emotional response through recall/ reflection (past tense.)
2.) Usually calm
B. Elegy:
1.) Expresses grief at death.
2.) Usually dignified.
3.) Formal language and structure.
C. Ode:
1.) Any sustained lyric poem of exalted theme.
2.) Often commemorating some important event.
3.) Dignified formal language / irregular structure
D. Sonnet:
1.) Dignified subject matter
2.) FIXED FORM !
a.) Italian (Petrarchan)
abba
abba
cdc, cdc or cdcdcd
b.) English (Shakespearean)
abab
cdcd
efef
gg
III. Dramatic Poetry.
A. Dramatic Narrative: Tells a story by the person involved.
B. Dramatic Monologue: One speaking to others on stage. They listen, character speaks.
C. Soliloquy: One character on stage speaking alone (to himself.)
References:
www.poetrysoups.com
www.allpoetry.com
www.wisegeek.org
www.yourdictionary.com
www.bartleby.com
www.olypen.com
www.goole.com
. For this assignment, you will write a research report on a subject that is interesting to you. Refer to page 1002 in your textbook for further instructions. You should also utilize the resources in your textbook that follow on pages 1003 - 1013. Your research paper should be 2-3 pages in length, including a Works Cited List. Please save your paper as a Word (.doc) document and submit as an attachment below.
Write an Informative Text
Research Writing: Research Report
Defining the Form A research report presents and interprets infor- mation gathered through the extensive study of a subject. You might use elements of a research report in writing lab reports, documentaries, annotated bibliographies, histories, and persuasive essays.
Assignment Write a research report on a subject that is both interest- ing and worth exploring in depth. Include these elements:
✓ a thesis statement that is clearly expressed
✓ factual support from a variety of reliable, credited sources
✓ a clear organization that includes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion
✓ a bibliography or works-cited list that provides a complete listing of research sources formatted in an approved style.
✓ error-free grammar, including use of adverb clauses
To preview the criteria on which your report may be judged, see the rubric on page 1013.
Writing Workshop: Work in Progress
Review the work you did on page 977.
Common Core State Standards
Writing 5. Develop and strengthen
writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate.
8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question
7. Refer to page 772 in your textbook. Choose Task 1, Task 2, or Task 3 to complete for this assignment. Your assignment should be 1-2 pages in length. Make sure to save your assignment as a Word (.doc) document and submit as an attachment below.
Performance Tasks
Directions: Follow the instructions to complete the tasks below as required by your teacher.
As you work on each task, incorporate both general academic vocabulary and literary terms you learned in this unit.
Writing
Task 1: Literature [RL.9-10.4; W.9-10.9.a]
Analyze Figurative Language in a Poem
Write an essay in which you analyze the figurative language in a poem from this unit.
• State which poem you chose, and explain why you chose it.
• Identify a key metaphor, simile, or other example of figurative language in the poem. Explain why this figurative language is important to the poem’s meaning.
• Analyze the meaning of the figurative language. Explain your analysis clearly.
• Explain how the figurativ ...
Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing.
Poetry is a form of literary expression that captures intense experiences or creative perceptions of the world in a musical language.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
. For this assignment, you will write a research report on a subject that is interesting to you. Refer to page 1002 in your textbook for further instructions. You should also utilize the resources in your textbook that follow on pages 1003 - 1013. Your research paper should be 2-3 pages in length, including a Works Cited List. Please save your paper as a Word (.doc) document and submit as an attachment below.
Write an Informative Text
Research Writing: Research Report
Defining the Form A research report presents and interprets infor- mation gathered through the extensive study of a subject. You might use elements of a research report in writing lab reports, documentaries, annotated bibliographies, histories, and persuasive essays.
Assignment Write a research report on a subject that is both interest- ing and worth exploring in depth. Include these elements:
✓ a thesis statement that is clearly expressed
✓ factual support from a variety of reliable, credited sources
✓ a clear organization that includes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion
✓ a bibliography or works-cited list that provides a complete listing of research sources formatted in an approved style.
✓ error-free grammar, including use of adverb clauses
To preview the criteria on which your report may be judged, see the rubric on page 1013.
Writing Workshop: Work in Progress
Review the work you did on page 977.
Common Core State Standards
Writing 5. Develop and strengthen
writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate.
8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question
7. Refer to page 772 in your textbook. Choose Task 1, Task 2, or Task 3 to complete for this assignment. Your assignment should be 1-2 pages in length. Make sure to save your assignment as a Word (.doc) document and submit as an attachment below.
Performance Tasks
Directions: Follow the instructions to complete the tasks below as required by your teacher.
As you work on each task, incorporate both general academic vocabulary and literary terms you learned in this unit.
Writing
Task 1: Literature [RL.9-10.4; W.9-10.9.a]
Analyze Figurative Language in a Poem
Write an essay in which you analyze the figurative language in a poem from this unit.
• State which poem you chose, and explain why you chose it.
• Identify a key metaphor, simile, or other example of figurative language in the poem. Explain why this figurative language is important to the poem’s meaning.
• Analyze the meaning of the figurative language. Explain your analysis clearly.
• Explain how the figurativ ...
Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing.
Poetry is a form of literary expression that captures intense experiences or creative perceptions of the world in a musical language.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Allegory
■ An allegory is a story, poem, or other written work that can be interpreted to have
a secondary meaning.
■ Aesop’s Fables are examples of allegories, as they are ostensiblyabout one thing
(such as “The Ant and the Grasshopper”) but actually have a secondarymeaning.
Fables are particularly literal examples of allegories, but there are many others, as
well, such as George Orwell’s Animal Farm
3. Alliteration
■ Alliteration is the repetition of a sound or letter at the beginning of multiple words
in a series.
■ “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary…”
■ - Edgar Allen Poe, “The Raven”
■ Poe uses alliteration with the “wh,” sound at the beginning of multiple words. The
repetition here mimics the sound of the wind (somethingyou might hear on a
dreary night), and also soundsa little soothing—somethingthat’s interrupted in the
next couple of lines by a different sound, just as Poe interrupts his soothing, round
vowel sounds with repetition of the ‘p’ sound in “suddenlythere came a tapping, /
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door…
4. Assonance
■ Assonance is the repetition of vowel or diphthong sounds in one or more
words found closetogether.
“ Hear the loud alarum bells—
Brazen bells!/ What tale of terror, now, their turbulency tells!
In the startled ear of night
How they scream out their affright!
Too much horrified to speak,
They can only shriek, shriek,
Out of tune….”
- Edgar Allen Poe, “The Bells”
When Poe talks about alarm bells, he uses sharp, high-pitch vowels to echo their sound: notice the
repetition of long “e” and “i” sounds, both of which sound a bit like screams.
5. Allusion
■ An allusion is an indirect reference to something
■ “The Cunninghams are country folks, farmers, and the crash hit them hardest.” -
Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird
■ Lee isn’t speaking of a literal crash—she’s referencingthe stock market crash of the
late 1920s, which left many people without money. Scout, To Kill a Mockingbird’s
narrator, references the stock market crash in a way that’s appropriate for her
context, which readers can gather from the novel’s setting.
■ Using this allusion allows Lee to do some quick scene-setting.Not only does it
establish the novel firmly within its setting, but it also shows that Scout herself is a
clear part of that setting—shespeaks to the audience in the way that a child of that
era would speak, giving the story a greater sense of realism.
6. Apostrophe
■ An apostrophe is a poetic phrase addressed to a subject who is either dead or
absent, or to an inanimateobject or abstract idea.
■ Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are. (Jane Taylor)
■ O holy night! The stars are brightly shining! (Adolphe Adam)
■ Then come, sweet death, and rid me of this grief. (Queen Isabel in Edward II by
Christopher Marlowe)
■ O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth. (Julius Caesar, Act III, Scene I)
■ Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean – roll! (The Ocean by Lord Byron)
■ Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and
to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscienceof my race. (A Portrait of
the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce)
■ O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those sent to her!
How often I wanted to gather your children together, just as a hen gathers her brood
under her wings, and you would not have it! (The Holy Bible, Luke 13:34)
7. Blank Verse ■ Blank verse refers to poetry written without rhyme
“But, woe is me, you are so sick of late,
So far from cheer and from your former state,
That I distrustyou. Yet, though I distrust,
Discomfort you, my lord, it nothing must. …”
- William Shakespeare, “Hamlet”
■ Many of Shakespeare’s plays are written in blank verse, including much of “Hamlet.”
Here, the dialog is without rhymes, which makes it sound more realistic, but it still
follows a strict meter—iambic pentameter. This lends it a sense of grandiosity
beyond if Shakespeare
■ had tried to mimic natural speech, and the deliberate space of stressed and
unstressed syllables gives it a satisfying senseof rhythm.
8. Consonance
■ Consonanceis a literary device that refers to the repetition of the same consonant
sounds in a line of text, and consonance is created when these words appear in
quick succession.
■ fuddy duddy
■ it’s a matter of time
■ pitter patter
■ odds and ends
■ best bet
■ tea and toast
■ lily livered
■ twist tie
■ a little later
9. Enjambment ■ An enjambment is the continuation of a sentence beyond a
line break, couplet, or stanza without an expected pause.
“What happens to a dream deferred?
Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore—
And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over—
like a syrupy sweet?
Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?”
- Langston Hughes, “Harlem”
■ Hughes plays with multiple methods of ending
lines in this poem, including enjambment. The
first two lines of the second stanza and the
second-to-last stanza are examples
of enjambment, as the thought continues from
one line to the next without any
punctuation. Notice the way these lines feel in
comparison to the others, especially the second
example, isolated in its own stanza. The way it’s
written mimics the exhaustion of carrying
a heavy load, as you can’t pause for breath the
way that you do with the lines ended with
punctuation.
10. Irony ■ Irony is a literary device in which contradictory statements or situations reveal
a reality that is different from what appears to be true.
Verbal Irony
■ Telling a quiet group, “don’t everybody speak all at once”
■ Coming home to a big mess and saying, “it’s great to be
back”
■ Telling a rude customer to “have a nice day”
■ Walking into an empty theater and asking, “it’s too
crowded”
■ Stating during a thunderstorm, “beautiful weather we’re
having”
■ An authority figure stepping into the room saying, “don’t
bother to stand or anything”
■ A comedian telling an unresponsive audience, “you all
are a great crowd”
■ Describing someone who says foolish things a “genius”
■ Delivering bad news by saying, “the good news is”
■ Entering a child’s messy room and saying “nice place you
have here”
Situational Irony
■ A fire station that burns down
■ Winner of a spelling bee failing a spelling test
■ A t-shirt with a “Buy American” logo that is made in
China
■ Marriage counselor divorcing third wife
■ Sending a Christmas card to someone who is
Jewish
■ Leaving a car wash at the beginning of a downpour
■ A dentist needing a root canal
■ Going on a blind date with someone who is visually
impaired
■ A police station being burglarized
■ Purchasing a roll of stamps a day before the price
to send a letter increases
11. Metaphor
■ A metaphor is when a writer compares one thing to another.
■ ROMEO: But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
(Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare)
■ He says, you have to study and learn so that you can make up your own mind about
history and everything else but you can’t make up an empty mind. Stock your mind,
stock your mind. You might be poor, your shoes might be broken, but your mind is a
palace.
(Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt)
12. Repetition ■ Repetition is fairly self-explanatory—it’s the process of
repeating certain words or phrases.
“Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.”
- Dylan Thomas, “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night”
13. Rhetorical Question
■ A rhetorical question is a question asked to make a point rather than in
expectation of an answer.
■ “Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns,
and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as
much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a
woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and
when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a
woman?”
- Sojourner Truth, “Ain’t I a Woman?”
By asking a question about an undeniable truth, Sojourner Truth was in fact pointing
out the hypocrisy of the conference.
14. Metaphor
■ A metaphor is when a writer compares one thing to another.
■ ROMEO: But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
(Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare)
■ He says, you have to study and learn so that you can make up your own mind about
history and everything else but you can’t make up an empty mind. Stock your mind,
stock your mind. You might be poor, your shoes might be broken, but your mind is a
palace.
(Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt)
15. Metaphor
■ A metaphor is when a writer compares one thing to another.
■ ROMEO: But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
(Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare)
■ He says, you have to study and learn so that you can make up your own mind about
history and everything else but you can’t make up an empty mind. Stock your mind,
stock your mind. You might be poor, your shoes might be broken, but your mind is a
palace.
(Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt)