Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering2

PNEUMATICS
SYSTEM
Theory and applications

2
Unit 10: Hydraulic & Pneumatic Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy (ADMA) ADSMO/ MZI/V1.1/ Oct 2023
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Outcome 2 Explain basic pneumatic systems used on board ships
Performance criteria
PC2.1 List the safety precautions to be used while working with compressed air
PC2.2 Explain and list the hazards that can occur from compressed air
PC2.3 State advantage and disadvantages of pneumatics
PC2.4 List the various equipment operated by pneumatics such as pneumatic wrench and others
PC2.5 List the various accessories used in pneumatics
PC2.6 Explain the nomenclature used in pneumatics as per ISO (New) and letting system (Old)
PC2.7 Describe the symbols used in pneumatics and how they are different from the hydraulics
PC2.8 Explain the common faults that occur in pneumatics and rectifications
PC2.9 Describe methods to overhaul the pneumatic tools / equipment such as pneumatic torque wrench

3
INTRODUCTION
The pneumatic system has played an essential role in the mechanical
field and also it is being used in industrial automation solutions
development. These systems are related to hydraulic systems however
compressed air is used in these systems instead of hydraulic fluid. The
term ‘Pneuma’ means air whereas Pneumatics means using
compressed air to perform the specific task

4
SAFETY PRECAUTION WHILE WORKING
WITH COMPRESSED AIR
The safety precautions to be used while working with compressed air include:
1. Watch Where You Point It: Avoid pointing compressed air at yourself or others to prevent
injuries.
2. Follow All Rules: Adhere to safety guidelines and regulations when using compressed air to
ensure safe operation.
3. Check Equipment Before Use: Conduct a safety check on equipment, ensuring hoses and
lines are in good condition without any damage.
4. Protect Yourself: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety
glasses, face masks, hearing protection, and protective clothing.
5. Read Instruction Manuals: Familiarize yourself with the instruction manual of the air
compressor to understand safety measures specific to the equipment.
6. Wear Appropriate Protective Gear: Use safety goggles, ear protection, and other suitable
protective gear while working with compressed air.
7. Inspect Lines and Accessories: Regularly inspect lines and hoses to prevent leakages and
ruptures that can lead to accidents.

5
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
1. Infinite availability of the source - Air is freely and easily available everywhere, with no scarcity
of the source.
2. Safe and clean operation - Compressed air is non-flammable and does not cause
contamination, making it suitable for use in sensitive environments like food and pharmaceutical
industries.
3. Lower operating and maintenance costs - Pneumatic components are generally simpler, lighter,
and less expensive compared to hydraulic or electrical systems.
4. Easy control of speed and force - The speed and power output of pneumatic actuators can be
easily adjusted by varying the air pressure and flow.
5. Ability to store energy - Compressed air can be stored in reservoirs, allowing for quick release of
energy for high-speed applications.
6. Safer than electrical systems - Pneumatic systems do not pose risks of electrical shocks or fires.

6
DISADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
1. Lack of precision control - Pneumatic systems are less precise compared to electrical or hydraulic
systems due to the compressibility of air.
2. Sensitivity to leaks - Any leaks in the system can cause significant loss of efficiency and
performance.
3. Noise generation - The exhaust of compressed air can be noisy, requiring the use of silencers.
4. Requirement for air preparation - The compressed air needs to be filtered, regulated, and potentially
lubricated before use, adding to the system complexity.
5. Limited force output - Pneumatic actuators generally have lower force output compared to hydraulic
systems.
6. Susceptibility to temperature and vibrations - Pneumatic systems can be affected by changes in
temperature and vibrations, impacting their performance.

7
COMPARISON OF POWER SYSTEM
Aspect
Hydraulic
System
Electrical
System
Mechanical
System
Pneumatic
System
Force and
Torque
High Variable Variable Low
Energy
Efficiency
Moderate High Low Moderate
Precision Moderate High High Low
Maintenance Moderate Low Low Moderate
Noise Level Moderate Low High Low
Durability High High High Moderate

8
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION (EXAMPLE)

9
PNEUMATICS SYSTEM

10
PNEUMATICS SYSTEM COMPONENT

11
AIR COMPRESSOR
The main function of this compressor
is to reduce the volume of air &
increase the air pressure. This device
captures air from the atmosphere and
compresses it, storing the
pressurized air for use in the system.

12
AIR CONDITIONING (FILTER, REGULATOR & LUBRICATOR)
Air Conditioning: The compressed air
is then conditioned by filtering,
regulating, and potentially lubricating
it to ensure it is clean, dry, and at the
appropriate pressure for the system.

13
CONTROL VALVES
Valves: Directional control
valves are used to control the
flow of the compressed air,
directing it to the various
pneumatic actuators and
tools.

14
ACTUATORS
Pneumatic Actuators:
These are the devices that
convert the compressed air
into mechanical motion,
such as linear or rotary
motion. Common
examples include
pneumatic cylinders and
air motors.

15
USE OF PORTABLE PNEUMATIC TOOLS ON BOARD

16
Nomenclature refers to the system of names or terms used in a
particular field or subject.
In the context of pneumatics, nomenclature encompasses the
standardized designations, symbols, and terminology used to
describe various components and systems.
NOMENCLATURE USED IN PNEUMATICS

17
The key aspects of pneumatic nomenclature include:
1. ISO standards: ISO standards like ISO 15552 and ISO 6432 define the main parameters,
dimensions, and designations for pneumatic cylinders and other components.
2. Pneumatic symbols: Standardized symbols are used to represent pneumatic components
and functions in circuit diagrams. These symbols convey information about the component's
actuation method, number of positions, flow paths, and number of ports.
3. Valve designations: Pneumatic valves are often referred to by the number of ports and
"ways" (flow paths). For example, a "4/2" directional control valve has 4 ports and 2 valve
positions.
4. Terminology: Specific terms are used to describe various pneumatic components and
concepts, such as accumulators, actuators, filters, regulators, lubricators (FRLs), and more.
NOMENCLATURE USED IN PNEUMATICS

18
No ISO LETTING
1 ISO standards like ISO 15552 and ISO 6432 define
the main parameters and dimensions for pneumatic
cylinders, ensuring compatibility and interoperability
The "letting" system was an older nomenclature used in
pneumatics, which involved designating components based on
the number of ports and valve positions.
2 Pneumatic symbols are standardized iconography
used to represent components and functions within
pneumatic systems, facilitating universal
understanding
For example:3/2 directional control valve: 3 ports, 2 valve
positions
5/3 directional control valve: 5 ports, 3 valve positions
This system provided a concise way to identify the basic
functionality of pneumatic valves and components.
3 ISO 21287 applies to single-rod compact pneumatic
cylinders with specific dimensions and working
pressure limits
4 Cushioning methods in pneumatic cylinders, such as
flexible shock absorbers and adjustable pneumatic
cushioning, are important for decelerating the piston's
movement
5 Pneumatic cylinder accessories like piston position
feedback systems enhance the functionality and safety
of the system
ISO STANDARD VS LETTING SYSTEM

19

Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering2

More Related Content

Similar to Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering2

Recently uploaded

Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering2