This document contains notes from a presentation or lecture on software engineering best practices and overcoming cognitive biases. It discusses the importance of collaboration, observing other successful programmers, reframing mistakes as learning opportunities, and challenging limiting beliefs. Completing an entire software project from start to finish is recommended to gain experience with the full development cycle. Cognitive biases that can hinder progress are identified, like the need to be perfect or see errors as failures rather than useful feedback. Reframing thought patterns and embracing challenges can help create innovative solutions outside of existing models.

1. NSA HQ, USA

2. Заглавна

3. Ние сме брилянтни програмисти

4. уни

5. 6

6. 10

7. търпение + постоянство

9. Софтуерът не може да се получи подобър от нивото на организация и
екипност на хората, които го създават.
Може индивидуално да сме брилянтни
програмисти, но ако трудно се свързваме
помежду си крайният продукт ще бъде
слаб.

10. На много нива
Колеги във фирмата и от
бранша
● Автори на библиотеки
● Ментори
● Потребители!
●

11. Това е тема, която се
повтаря отново
и отново

12. Овладяване на програмирането
1. Жив пример, а не “измислени”
такива като онлайн уроци или
примери.
2. Минаване през цикъла на цял
един проект и постигане на
завършеност. Успехът под някаква
форма трябва да бъде валидиран!

13. Neil Wilson, former Sun Engineer, now with UnboundID

15. 0% арогантност
0% идеология +
религиозност
100% скромност

16. Наблюдавайте и
имитирайте
програмисти
създаващи успешни
продукти!

17. Включително и техния
подход към другите хора и
ситуации от работата, там
също се крият много поуки
за успеха и постигането на
добър софтуер

18. observe + copy

19. Преминаване през цикъла на
един цял продукт
●
Концепция
●
Кодиране
●
Документация
●
Сайт
●
Продажби / разпространение
●
Поддръжка и обработка на обратна връзка
●
Евентуално и нови издания

20. Преминаване през цикъла на
един цял продукт
●
Може да бъде и нещо малко, като 5000 l
●
Важно е да сте усетили целия процес, от А
до Я.
Да имате опита, че сте завършили един цял
проект / продукт.
● И той под някаква форма да е валидиран
като успешен на пазара / от потребителите.
●

21. 10г

22. Лични
предизвикателства
и
лично израстване

23. За да създаваме подобър софтуер се налага
да преодоляваме наши
страхове,
предразсъдъци, грешни
убеждения и модели на
подход + мислене

24. Психологическото
изживяване на грешките в
моята работа, или грешно
разбраният
“перфекционизъм” :-)

25. Модели:
Грешките са лошо нещо.
За да съм успешен трябва
да съм безгрешен.

26. nightmare

27. Симтоми и индикатори:
1. Стрес, хаби се емоционална енергия.
2. Работата не върви, къде е
удоволствието?
3. Затваряме се в себе си, губим
конструктивна връзка със света (колеги,
клиенти).

28. Рефакториране
На нашите мисли
и подходи
“reframing”

29. Приемане на грешките като
нещо нормално.
Те са неминуеми.
Грешките не съм аз.

30. Bug reports are useful
feedback!
Активно благодарим за тях.

32. Това създава положителна и
конструктивна атмосфера!
=> по-добър софтуер

33. Защо ви казвам всичко това?

34. models slide

35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
Ambiguity effect – the tendency to avoid options for which missing information makes the probability seem "unknown."[8]
Anchoring or focalism – the tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor," on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.[9][10]
Attentional bias – the tendency to pay attention to emotionally dominant stimuli in one's environment and to neglect relevant data when making judgments of a correlation or
association.[11][12]
Availability heuristic – the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how
unusual or emotionally charged they may be.[13]
Availability cascade – a self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more and more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse (or "repeat
something long enough and it will become true").[14]
Backfire effect – when people react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening their beliefs.[15]
Bandwagon effect – the tendency to do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same. Related to groupthink and herd behavior.[16]
Base rate fallacy or base rate neglect – In a sequence of probabilities, the tendency to ignore the first.[17]
Belief bias – an effect where someone's evaluation of the logical strength of an argument is biased by the believability of the conclusion.[18]
Bias blind spot – the tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself.[19]
Choice-supportive bias – the tendency to remember one's choices as better than they actually were.[20]
Clustering illusion – the tendency to over-expect small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns).[10]
Confirmation bias – the tendency to search for, interpret and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.[21]
Congruence bias – the tendency to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, instead of testing possible alternative hypotheses.[10]
Conjunction fallacy – the tendency to assume that specific conditions are more probable than general ones.[22]
Conservatism or regressive bias – the tendency to underestimate high values and high likelihoods while overestimating low ones.[23][24][25]
Conservatism (Bayesian) – the tendency to insufficiently revise one's belief when presented with new evidence.[23][26][27]
Contrast effect – the enhancement or reduction of a certain perception's weight when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object.[28]
Curse of knowledge – when knowledge of a topic diminishes one's ability to think about it from a less-informed (but more neutral) perspective.[29]
Decoy effect – preferences change when there is a third option that is asymmetrically dominated

36. Hyperbolic discounting – the tendency for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs, where the tendency increases the closer to the
present both payoffs are.[42] Also known as current moment bias, present-bias, and related to Dynamic inconsistency.
Identifiable victim effect - the tendency to respond more strongly to a single identified person at risk than to a large group of people at risk.[43]
Illusion of control – the tendency to overestimate one's degree of influence over other external events.[44]
Illusion of validity – when consistent but predictively weak data leads to confident predictions
Illusory correlation – inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two unrelated events.[45][46]
Impact bias – the tendency to overestimate the length or the intensity of the impact of future feeling states.[47]
Information bias – the tendency to seek information even when it cannot affect action.[48]
Insensitivity to sample size – the tendency to under-expect variation in small samples
Irrational escalation – the phenomenon where people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the
decision was probably wrong.
Just-world hypothesis – the tendency for people to want to believe that the world is fundamentally just, causing them to rationalize an otherwise inexplicable injustice as deserved by
the victim(s).
Less-is-better effect – a preference reversal where a dominated smaller set is preferred to a larger set
Loss aversion – "the disutility of giving up an object is greater than the utility associated with acquiring it".[49] (see also Sunk cost effects and endowment effect).
Ludic fallacy – the misuse of games to model real-life situations.
Mere exposure effect – the tendency to express undue liking for things merely because of familiarity with them.[50]
Money illusion – the tendency to concentrate on the nominal (face value) of money rather than its value in terms of purchasing power.[51]
Moral credential effect – the tendency of a track record of non-prejudice to increase subsequent prejudice.
Negativity bias – psychological phenomenon by which humans are more affected by negative rather than positive information when evaluating objects.[52]
Neglect of probability – the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty.[53]
Normalcy bias – the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before.
Observation selection bias – the effect of suddenly noticing things that were not noticed previously – and as a result wrongly assuming that the frequency has increased.
Observer-expectancy effect – when a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment or misinterprets data in order to find it (see also
subject-expectancy effect).
Omission bias – the tendency to judge harmful actions as worse, or less moral, than equally harmful omissions (inactions).[54]
Optimism bias – the tendency to be over-optimistic, overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes (see also wishful thinking, valence effect, positive outcome bias).[55][56]
Ostrich effect – ignoring an obvious (negative) situation.

37. Защо ви казвам всичко това?

38. За да сме истински иновативни
трябва да излезем от
съществуващите модели на
мислене, подход и убеждения
(много от тях неосъзнати).
Вселената съдържа огромно
пространство от решения и
възможности.

40. o2

41. www.kriva.org

42. Благодаря!