Please answer the 4 questions at the end please do all of them at the same time you can't answer
one and leave the other they are related to the same article thank you
Causes and Outcomes of Conflict
There are many potential root causes of conflict at work. Well go over six of them here.
Remember, anything that leads to a disagreement can be a cause of conflict. Although conflict is
common to organizations, some organizations have more than others.
Causes of Conflict
Organizational Structure
Conflict tends to take different forms, depending on the organizational structure. For example, if
a company uses a matrix structure as its organizational form, it will have decisional conflict built
in, because the structure specifies that each employee report to two bosses. For example, the
multinational power company with headquarters in Switzerland, ABB Ltd. is organized around
the world in a matrix structure based on the dimensions of country and industry. This structure
can lead to confusion as the companys 147,000 employees are divided across 100 countries into
four global divisions, with each division focusing on different industries and products.
Limited Resources
Resources such as money, time, and equipment are often scarce. Competition among people or
departments for limited resources is a frequent cause for conflict. For example, cutting-edge
laptops and other devices are expensive resources that may be allocated to employees on a need-
to-have basis in some companies. When a group of employees have access to such resources
while others do not, conflict may arise among employees or between employees and
management. While technical employees may feel that these devices are crucial to their
productivity, employees with customer contact such as sales representatives may make the point
that these devices are important for them to make a good impression to clients. Because
important resources are often limited, this is one source of conflict many companies have to live
with.
Task Interdependence
Another cause of conflict is task interdependence; that is, when accomplishment of your goal
requires reliance on others to perform their tasks. For example, if youre tasked with creating
advertising for your product, youre dependent on the creative team to design the words and
layout, the photographer or videographer to create the visuals, the media buyer to purchase the
advertising space, and so on. The completion of your goal (airing or publishing your ad) is
dependent on others.
Incompatible Goals
Sometimes conflict arises when two parties think that their goals are mutually exclusive. Within
an organization, incompatible goals often arise because of the different ways department
managers are compensated. For example, a sales managers bonus may be tied to how many sales
are made for the company. As a result, the individual might be tempted to offer customers
freebies such as expedited delivery in order to make the sale. In contrast, a transportation
man.
Please answer the 4 questions at the end Causes and Outcomes of Co.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer the 4 questions at the end
Causes and Outcomes of Conflict
There are many potential root causes of conflict at work. Well go over six of them here.
Remember, anything that leads to a disagreement can be a cause of conflict. Although conflict is
common to organizations, some organizations have more than others.
Causes of Conflict
Organizational Structure
Conflict tends to take different forms, depending on the organizational structure. For example, if
a company uses a matrix structure as its organizational form, it will have decisional conflict built
in, because the structure specifies that each employee report to two bosses. For example, the
multinational power company with headquarters in Switzerland, ABB Ltd. is organized around
the world in a matrix structure based on the dimensions of country and industry. This structure
can lead to confusion as the companys 147,000 employees are divided across 100 countries into
four global divisions, with each division focusing on different industries and products.
Limited Resources
Resources such as money, time, and equipment are often scarce. Competition among people or
departments for limited resources is a frequent cause for conflict. For example, cutting-edge
laptops and other devices are expensive resources that may be allocated to employees on a need-
to-have basis in some companies. When a group of employees have access to such resources
while others do not, conflict may arise among employees or between employees and
management. While technical employees may feel that these devices are crucial to their
productivity, employees with customer contact such as sales representatives may make the point
that these devices are important for them to make a good impression to clients. Because
important resources are often limited, this is one source of conflict many companies have to live
with.
Task Interdependence
Another cause of conflict is task interdependence; that is, when accomplishment of your goal
requires reliance on others to perform their tasks. For example, if youre tasked with creating
advertising for your product, youre dependent on the creative team to design the words and
layout, the photographer or videographer to create the visuals, the media buyer to purchase the
advertising space, and so on. The completion of your goal (airing or publishing your ad) is
dependent on others.
Incompatible Goals
Sometimes conflict arises when two parties think that their goals are mutually exclusive. Within
an organization, incompatible goals often arise because of the different ways department
managers are compensated. For example, a sales managers bonus may be tied to how many sales
are made for the company. As a result, the individual might be tempted to offer customers
freebies such as expedited delivery in order to make the sale. In contrast, a transportation
managers compensation may be based on how much money the company saves on transit. In this
case, the goal might be to eliminate ex.
CHAPTER 16Handle Conflict, Negotiation, and Decision MakingDEstelaJeffery653
CHAPTER 16
Handle Conflict, Negotiation, and Decision Making
Don't neglect the power of “yes”
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter you will be able to:
· Understand what conflict is, why it is occurring and how to manage it.
· Describe methods for effective negotiations.
· List tools that will help you make more effective and less biased decisions.
WHAT'S INSIDE?
· Be a Critical Thinker: Dealing with Deception at the Bargaining Table
· Bringing OB to Life: Intuition and US Airway Flight 1549
· Checking Ethics in OB: Is a Two-Tiered Wage System Ever Justified?
· OB in the Office: What to Do When Face-to-Face Negotiations Are Not Possible: Tips for Negotiating via Email
· OB in the Office: Sooner or Later You'll Know How to Negotiate a Better Raise
· Research Insights: Analytical and Intuitive Decisions: When to Trust Your Gut
· Worth Considering or Best Avoided? Labor and Management Sides Disagree. Is a Strike the Answer?
You are at work and you hear your colleagues disagreeing with each other loudly. Their voices can be heard throughout the office, and you notice people popping their heads up to see what's going on. You are in charge of the team, and you know that your organization prides itself on having a collegial culture. What do you do?
For many people, the answer is clear: Conflict is bad—we need to get rid of it. Conflict makes people uncomfortable and harms our ability to work together, so managers need to step in and resolve differences. Is this always true? Couldn't it be that conflict can also play a positive role in the workplace?
In this chapter, we show that conflict can be good when it surfaces important issues that need to be discussed. The key to managing it is knowing how to determine what kind of conflict is occurring and then using it to generate better decisions. This requires developing skills in areas that are becoming increasingly important in today's workplace: conflict, negotiation, and decision making.
16.1 Manage Conflict
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand what conflict is, why it occurs, and how we can manage it more effectively.
· Define what conflict is and why it occurs.
· Understand conflict management strategies.
· Guard against common conflict management pitfalls.
Why Do We Have Conflict?
Conflict occurs whenever disagreements exist in a social situation over issues of substance, or whenever emotional antagonisms create frictions between individuals or groups.1 Team leaders and members can spend considerable time dealing with conflicts. Sometimes they are direct participants, and other times they act as mediators or neutral third parties to help resolve conflicts between other people.2 Because conflict dynamics are inevitable in the workplace, we need to know how to handle them.3
Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict
Any type of conflict in teams and organizations can be upsetting both to the individuals directly involved and to others affected by its occurrence. As with the opening example, it can b ...
Craig treisch - How to manage conflict in organizationsCraig Treisch
organizational conflict is difference between employee and organization. it normal in organization that conflict occur.craig treisch describe type of conflict and how to manage these conflict. craig treisch handle large team which work as complex solution from more than a decade.
Please answer the 4 questions at the end Causes and Outcomes of Co.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer the 4 questions at the end
Causes and Outcomes of Conflict
There are many potential root causes of conflict at work. Well go over six of them here.
Remember, anything that leads to a disagreement can be a cause of conflict. Although conflict is
common to organizations, some organizations have more than others.
Causes of Conflict
Organizational Structure
Conflict tends to take different forms, depending on the organizational structure. For example, if
a company uses a matrix structure as its organizational form, it will have decisional conflict built
in, because the structure specifies that each employee report to two bosses. For example, the
multinational power company with headquarters in Switzerland, ABB Ltd. is organized around
the world in a matrix structure based on the dimensions of country and industry. This structure
can lead to confusion as the companys 147,000 employees are divided across 100 countries into
four global divisions, with each division focusing on different industries and products.
Limited Resources
Resources such as money, time, and equipment are often scarce. Competition among people or
departments for limited resources is a frequent cause for conflict. For example, cutting-edge
laptops and other devices are expensive resources that may be allocated to employees on a need-
to-have basis in some companies. When a group of employees have access to such resources
while others do not, conflict may arise among employees or between employees and
management. While technical employees may feel that these devices are crucial to their
productivity, employees with customer contact such as sales representatives may make the point
that these devices are important for them to make a good impression to clients. Because
important resources are often limited, this is one source of conflict many companies have to live
with.
Task Interdependence
Another cause of conflict is task interdependence; that is, when accomplishment of your goal
requires reliance on others to perform their tasks. For example, if youre tasked with creating
advertising for your product, youre dependent on the creative team to design the words and
layout, the photographer or videographer to create the visuals, the media buyer to purchase the
advertising space, and so on. The completion of your goal (airing or publishing your ad) is
dependent on others.
Incompatible Goals
Sometimes conflict arises when two parties think that their goals are mutually exclusive. Within
an organization, incompatible goals often arise because of the different ways department
managers are compensated. For example, a sales managers bonus may be tied to how many sales
are made for the company. As a result, the individual might be tempted to offer customers
freebies such as expedited delivery in order to make the sale. In contrast, a transportation
managers compensation may be based on how much money the company saves on transit. In this
case, the goal might be to eliminate ex.
CHAPTER 16Handle Conflict, Negotiation, and Decision MakingDEstelaJeffery653
CHAPTER 16
Handle Conflict, Negotiation, and Decision Making
Don't neglect the power of “yes”
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter you will be able to:
· Understand what conflict is, why it is occurring and how to manage it.
· Describe methods for effective negotiations.
· List tools that will help you make more effective and less biased decisions.
WHAT'S INSIDE?
· Be a Critical Thinker: Dealing with Deception at the Bargaining Table
· Bringing OB to Life: Intuition and US Airway Flight 1549
· Checking Ethics in OB: Is a Two-Tiered Wage System Ever Justified?
· OB in the Office: What to Do When Face-to-Face Negotiations Are Not Possible: Tips for Negotiating via Email
· OB in the Office: Sooner or Later You'll Know How to Negotiate a Better Raise
· Research Insights: Analytical and Intuitive Decisions: When to Trust Your Gut
· Worth Considering or Best Avoided? Labor and Management Sides Disagree. Is a Strike the Answer?
You are at work and you hear your colleagues disagreeing with each other loudly. Their voices can be heard throughout the office, and you notice people popping their heads up to see what's going on. You are in charge of the team, and you know that your organization prides itself on having a collegial culture. What do you do?
For many people, the answer is clear: Conflict is bad—we need to get rid of it. Conflict makes people uncomfortable and harms our ability to work together, so managers need to step in and resolve differences. Is this always true? Couldn't it be that conflict can also play a positive role in the workplace?
In this chapter, we show that conflict can be good when it surfaces important issues that need to be discussed. The key to managing it is knowing how to determine what kind of conflict is occurring and then using it to generate better decisions. This requires developing skills in areas that are becoming increasingly important in today's workplace: conflict, negotiation, and decision making.
16.1 Manage Conflict
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand what conflict is, why it occurs, and how we can manage it more effectively.
· Define what conflict is and why it occurs.
· Understand conflict management strategies.
· Guard against common conflict management pitfalls.
Why Do We Have Conflict?
Conflict occurs whenever disagreements exist in a social situation over issues of substance, or whenever emotional antagonisms create frictions between individuals or groups.1 Team leaders and members can spend considerable time dealing with conflicts. Sometimes they are direct participants, and other times they act as mediators or neutral third parties to help resolve conflicts between other people.2 Because conflict dynamics are inevitable in the workplace, we need to know how to handle them.3
Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict
Any type of conflict in teams and organizations can be upsetting both to the individuals directly involved and to others affected by its occurrence. As with the opening example, it can b ...
Craig treisch - How to manage conflict in organizationsCraig Treisch
organizational conflict is difference between employee and organization. it normal in organization that conflict occur.craig treisch describe type of conflict and how to manage these conflict. craig treisch handle large team which work as complex solution from more than a decade.
3 pagesapasources5Conduct a K.S.F. analysis by addressing t.docxgilbertkpeters11344
3 pages
apa
sources:5
Conduct a K.S.F. analysis by addressing the following:
Identify the key success factors necessary for success in the industry in which your venture would be competing, including the expectations of customers.
Weigh each factor to reflect its relevance to success in the industry(Event planning).
Identify two competitors in your industry.
Evaluate your competitors and your venture against those key success factors, assigning weights.
Sum individual ratings to get overall measure of competitive strength for each rival and for your new venture.
Evaluate your venture?s overall competitive strength relative to rivals and to customer expectations.
Determine a course of action to enable your venture to achieve competitive advantage in your industry relative to the industry?s key success factors and the position of your competitors.
In addition to the requirements above, your paper:
Must be double-spaced and 12 point font.
Must be formatted according to APA style.
Must reference two scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.
Must include a reference page written in APA format.
NO PLAGIARISM PLEASE INSTRUCTOR IS STRICT
TEXT:
http://proeunthat.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/concepts-in-strategic-management-business-policy.pdf
GRADING RUBIC:
https://ashford.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/1132/preview
7.4 Conflict and Management Communication
Learning Objective # 4: What forms of conflict exist in organizations, and what roles do communication channels play in those conflicts?
Interpretations of the term "conflict" have taken several directions in the past few decades. One early perspective suggested that conflict constitutes a negative force. Words such as "violent," "destructive," and "angry" portray this point of view. As time passed, conflict began to be conceptualized as a continuum from mild disagreement to major confrontations, but still with a negative connotation. More recently, concepts of conflict have evolved from considering it as something to be avoided or eliminated to viewing conflict as an inevitable, but manageable, process. Some see conflict as a driving force that leads to innovation and much-needed change (Fink, 1968; De Dreu & Van de Vliert, 1997).
For our purposes, conflict will be defined as a circumstance in which one party negatively affects or seeks to negatively affect another party in both observable and perceived ways (Thomas, 1992; Wall & Callister, 1995). Some forms of conflict take place even when it would be difficult to point it out as an observable event. In others, the manifest strife will be readily apparent.
Conflict can be compared to another concept, competition, which is a situation in which all parties in an event or situation attempt to do their best, and the winner emerges as the person or group with the highest level of performance. A sales contest between individuals or teams is a competition; a confrontation between two members of a sales force in which one accuses the other .
Key Account Managers – Understand the Stakeholders - TLSA.pdfonline Marketing
Harness the transformative power of stakeholder management. As Key Account Managers in today’s ever-evolving business landscape, we understand the imperative of strategic relationship-building. Strengthen your network, navigate change effectively, and drive business growth. please visit: https://tlsasalestraining.co.uk/leaders-digest/key-account-managers-understand-the-stakeholders/
Sheet1Speech 277 RubricPossible PtsActual PtsCommentsPart One Stu.docxmaoanderton
Sheet1Speech 277 RubricPossible PtsActual PtsCommentsPart One: Student selected an appropriate incident for analysis. All of the bullet points were addressed . The reader has a clear understanding of the event.10Part Two: Student demonstrated an understanding of conflict management strategies and how this impacts outcome. All of the bullet points were addressed.10Part Three: Student applied knowledge gained from the text, discussions, and lecture. Critical thinking made for a thorough assessment. All of the bullet points were addressed.10Written Skills: Student followed all the conventions of professional English. This includes but is not limited to: grammar, syntax, spelling, and mechanics.10TOTAL40
Sheet2
Sheet3
Unit 4 Discussion: Policies of the FED during the 2007-2009 Recession and Fiscal Crisis.
No unread replies. No replies.
Note: Please complete your reading assignment before you participate in this discussion.
In your initial post, please respond to the following questions:
•What role did the government play in creating the financial crisis? What role did Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play in the financial crisis? Could this have been prevented? How?
•Should the government have responded differently to the crisis? If so, how should they have responded? Should investment banks, and Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have been “bailed out”?
•What are entitlements and how do they contribute to the debt? What can be done about entitlements to control spending?
•What part does our political system and politicians play in increasing government debt? What can be done about it?
•Have we placed so many expectations on government that it cannot possibly meet all those expectations? If yes, how do we fix this problem? What are some of the alternatives to reliance on government?
Principles of Interpersonal Communication
We communicate to get our needs met. It is a fact that, statistically, people who live alone live shorter lives than those who live with others. Our connections with others act as a lifeline that is almost as important as food and water. We establish and maintain those connections through communication. Long-term relationships give us pleasure and make us feel needed and important. How we communicate with others determines how we see ourselves. We communicate to exchange information and to persuade others. These reasons for communicating are all vital to our personal and professional development.
Take a minute to think about a time when you said something that you wished you could take back. How did it make you feel? What was the impact on your communication exchange and your relationship?
We have all made this communication mistake at one time or another. Is it possible to take back our communication? You can follow your communication blunder with an apology and you can say that you did not mean what you said, but because communication is continuous, it always moves forward; there is no going back. Once you put it out the.
The human factor, the key to success in corporate mergers Suzzanne Uhland
Mergers and acquisitions are not simple processes. They have to do with numerous strategic decisions, involving all the people who make up the organizations related to them and trigger many significant changes.
Why is investing relevant to managerial decision making· As wit.docxalanfhall8953
Why is investing relevant to managerial decision making?
· As with all Decision Making, biases and boundedness compromise outcomes
· So many managerial decisions comprise investing something
· Money, time, energy, resources, reputation, emotion, hopes…what else?
· Perceptual and cognitive errors are unavoidable for humans
· Observation insight improvement
· Course objective: to develop comfort with reasoning through complex decisions, yourself and in teams/organizations
· But NOT so you can better exploit others’ compromised DM!
Investment decisions – studied in Behavioral Finance
· Focus on “Prescriptive” or “Descriptive”?
· Reveals how biases affect both individuals and markets
· Individuals/teams/units will be our focus
· Yours, as well as your customers, suppliers, partners, etc.
· Point out analogies where “investment” is in other than $ terms
Main causes of poor investment decisions
· Overconfidence in own knowledge, beliefs, predictions
· “Active trading is hazardous to your wealth”. Men usually worse.
· How do brokerages reconcile the conflicts of interest?
· Optimism about choices made
· Relates to availability heuristics, confirmation bias, and regret avoidance
· Encouraged by financial media – why?
· Denying randomness (or regression to the mean)
· The past usually predicts the future, but not the way most people believe
· Anchoring, status quo, and procrastination
· Tendency toward status quo, consistency, omission, or inaction
· Poor framing and misuse of reference points
· Complexicating gains/losses; not treating sunk costs as irrelevant
· Prospect theory: risk aversion with gains, risk seeking with losses
Active trading
· Traders, like everyone, are likely to regress to the mean
· The mean is losing money, since the bank/casino always get its cut
· Many jumped into the role based on vivid data
· Skewed by availability and affect heuristics
· Most neglected the other side of each transaction
· Other party is likely better equipped than you
· Every transaction has at least two sides, winners and losers
Steps to better decision-making in investing
· Recognize impossibility of outsmarting the market
· Keynes’ analogy of higher-order thinking
· Relates to the “pick a number between 0 and 100” game
· No perfect solution because human nature determines the outcome
· Determine goals and plans, then act on and stick with them
· Balance “shoulds” and “wants” (listen to the angel, mostly)
· Deploy your heuristics in useful ways
· Make long-term plans without near-term emotions
· Develop formulas (plans and policies) objectively
· Then stick to them!
· Extensions to non-monetary investments
· Most of these concepts apply to investments of other resources
· Time, energy, reputation, careers, emotion, hopes, what else?
· Analogies, examples?
Apply the concepts of irrational investment decisions (Above in Blue) to decisions in your life...
Questions:
· In your non-monetary investments (time, energy, attention, careers, hopes, .
Writing Proposals and Progress ReportsChapter OutlineWriting P.docxambersalomon88660
Writing Proposals and Progress Reports
Chapter Outline
Writing Proposals
Proposal Questions
Proposal Style
Proposals for Class Research Projects
Proposals for Action
Sales Proposals
Business Plans and Other Proposals for Funding
Budget and Costs Sections
Writing Progress Reports
Chronological Progress Reports
Task Progress Reports
Recommendation Progress Reports
Summary of Key Points
Page 563IN THE NEWS
Proposals by Corporate Investors
Public companies invite proposals from their shareholders on the company’s response to its stakeholders. Corporate investors, led by religious groups and socially responsible investors, have increasingly been bringing forth environmental and social proposals. Often companies work with proponents of these proposals to arrive at mutually agreeable outcomes.
The growth in these proposals has been tremendous—from around 7% to 32% between 2004 and 2007—counting those that garnered at least 15% votes. Among specific issues that these proposals address are companies’ sexual orientation policies, pollution policies, labor policies, efforts on climate change, and political contributions. Some of these proposals find mention in the following year’s annual or corporate sustainability report, while some others result in specific agreements with the company. Proposals can be resubmitted, so it’s in the companies’ interest to take proposals seriously.
Two major examples come from Exxon. The Sisters of St. Dominic were the lead filers on a proposal, which got 31% support, asking for greenhouse gas reduction. A different proposal from an individual investor, which got 27% support, asked for the development of renewable energy sources. Another instance is Domini Social Investments’ proposal asking Home Depot to produce a report on its sustainably harvested lumber. Home Depot agreed to publish on its Web site its wood purchasing policy, including quantitative information.
“Corporate investors . . . have increasingly been bringing forth environmental and social proposals.”
Adapted from William J. Holstein, “A Bumper Crop of Green Proposals,” in BusinessWeek: Managing: Your Board: Armchair MBA, http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/jun2008/ca20080626_395541.htm (accessed April 11, 2009).
Page 564Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will know how to
Write proposals.
Prepare budget and costs sections.
Write progress reports.
Proposals and progress reports are two documents that frequently are part of larger, longer projects. Proposals argue for the work that needs to be done and who will do it. Progress reports let people know how you are coming on the project.
Writing Proposals
In the workplace, much work is routine or specifically assigned by other people. But sometimes you or your organization will want to consider something different, and you will need to write a proposal for that work. Generally, proposals are created for projects that are longer or more expensive than routine w.
Please ask experts to solve this in the correct way. 1. (20 point.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please ask experts to solve this in the correct way. 1. (20 points) A facsimile communication
system transmits the massages that an image pixel is black (event S0 ) with probability
P0=0.2689 and that an image pixel is white (event S1 ) with probability P1=0.7311. Under S0,
the observations are normal with zero mean and unity variance, while under S1, the observations
are normal with unit variance and mean equal to 4 . Two independent observations are made.
Show that the minimum probability of decision error rule reduces to S^=S1y=r1+r2S^>.
please answer this multiple choice question2.What major Department.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please answer this multiple choice question
2.What major Department of Defense (DoD) decision support system is used to identify, assess,
validate, and prioritize military capability requirements?
(3 Points)
A) Systems Engineering (SE) Process
B) Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA)
C)Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE)
D)Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS).
More Related Content
Similar to Please answer the 4 questions at the end please do all of them at th.pdf
3 pagesapasources5Conduct a K.S.F. analysis by addressing t.docxgilbertkpeters11344
3 pages
apa
sources:5
Conduct a K.S.F. analysis by addressing the following:
Identify the key success factors necessary for success in the industry in which your venture would be competing, including the expectations of customers.
Weigh each factor to reflect its relevance to success in the industry(Event planning).
Identify two competitors in your industry.
Evaluate your competitors and your venture against those key success factors, assigning weights.
Sum individual ratings to get overall measure of competitive strength for each rival and for your new venture.
Evaluate your venture?s overall competitive strength relative to rivals and to customer expectations.
Determine a course of action to enable your venture to achieve competitive advantage in your industry relative to the industry?s key success factors and the position of your competitors.
In addition to the requirements above, your paper:
Must be double-spaced and 12 point font.
Must be formatted according to APA style.
Must reference two scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.
Must include a reference page written in APA format.
NO PLAGIARISM PLEASE INSTRUCTOR IS STRICT
TEXT:
http://proeunthat.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/concepts-in-strategic-management-business-policy.pdf
GRADING RUBIC:
https://ashford.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/1132/preview
7.4 Conflict and Management Communication
Learning Objective # 4: What forms of conflict exist in organizations, and what roles do communication channels play in those conflicts?
Interpretations of the term "conflict" have taken several directions in the past few decades. One early perspective suggested that conflict constitutes a negative force. Words such as "violent," "destructive," and "angry" portray this point of view. As time passed, conflict began to be conceptualized as a continuum from mild disagreement to major confrontations, but still with a negative connotation. More recently, concepts of conflict have evolved from considering it as something to be avoided or eliminated to viewing conflict as an inevitable, but manageable, process. Some see conflict as a driving force that leads to innovation and much-needed change (Fink, 1968; De Dreu & Van de Vliert, 1997).
For our purposes, conflict will be defined as a circumstance in which one party negatively affects or seeks to negatively affect another party in both observable and perceived ways (Thomas, 1992; Wall & Callister, 1995). Some forms of conflict take place even when it would be difficult to point it out as an observable event. In others, the manifest strife will be readily apparent.
Conflict can be compared to another concept, competition, which is a situation in which all parties in an event or situation attempt to do their best, and the winner emerges as the person or group with the highest level of performance. A sales contest between individuals or teams is a competition; a confrontation between two members of a sales force in which one accuses the other .
Key Account Managers – Understand the Stakeholders - TLSA.pdfonline Marketing
Harness the transformative power of stakeholder management. As Key Account Managers in today’s ever-evolving business landscape, we understand the imperative of strategic relationship-building. Strengthen your network, navigate change effectively, and drive business growth. please visit: https://tlsasalestraining.co.uk/leaders-digest/key-account-managers-understand-the-stakeholders/
Sheet1Speech 277 RubricPossible PtsActual PtsCommentsPart One Stu.docxmaoanderton
Sheet1Speech 277 RubricPossible PtsActual PtsCommentsPart One: Student selected an appropriate incident for analysis. All of the bullet points were addressed . The reader has a clear understanding of the event.10Part Two: Student demonstrated an understanding of conflict management strategies and how this impacts outcome. All of the bullet points were addressed.10Part Three: Student applied knowledge gained from the text, discussions, and lecture. Critical thinking made for a thorough assessment. All of the bullet points were addressed.10Written Skills: Student followed all the conventions of professional English. This includes but is not limited to: grammar, syntax, spelling, and mechanics.10TOTAL40
Sheet2
Sheet3
Unit 4 Discussion: Policies of the FED during the 2007-2009 Recession and Fiscal Crisis.
No unread replies. No replies.
Note: Please complete your reading assignment before you participate in this discussion.
In your initial post, please respond to the following questions:
•What role did the government play in creating the financial crisis? What role did Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play in the financial crisis? Could this have been prevented? How?
•Should the government have responded differently to the crisis? If so, how should they have responded? Should investment banks, and Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have been “bailed out”?
•What are entitlements and how do they contribute to the debt? What can be done about entitlements to control spending?
•What part does our political system and politicians play in increasing government debt? What can be done about it?
•Have we placed so many expectations on government that it cannot possibly meet all those expectations? If yes, how do we fix this problem? What are some of the alternatives to reliance on government?
Principles of Interpersonal Communication
We communicate to get our needs met. It is a fact that, statistically, people who live alone live shorter lives than those who live with others. Our connections with others act as a lifeline that is almost as important as food and water. We establish and maintain those connections through communication. Long-term relationships give us pleasure and make us feel needed and important. How we communicate with others determines how we see ourselves. We communicate to exchange information and to persuade others. These reasons for communicating are all vital to our personal and professional development.
Take a minute to think about a time when you said something that you wished you could take back. How did it make you feel? What was the impact on your communication exchange and your relationship?
We have all made this communication mistake at one time or another. Is it possible to take back our communication? You can follow your communication blunder with an apology and you can say that you did not mean what you said, but because communication is continuous, it always moves forward; there is no going back. Once you put it out the.
The human factor, the key to success in corporate mergers Suzzanne Uhland
Mergers and acquisitions are not simple processes. They have to do with numerous strategic decisions, involving all the people who make up the organizations related to them and trigger many significant changes.
Why is investing relevant to managerial decision making· As wit.docxalanfhall8953
Why is investing relevant to managerial decision making?
· As with all Decision Making, biases and boundedness compromise outcomes
· So many managerial decisions comprise investing something
· Money, time, energy, resources, reputation, emotion, hopes…what else?
· Perceptual and cognitive errors are unavoidable for humans
· Observation insight improvement
· Course objective: to develop comfort with reasoning through complex decisions, yourself and in teams/organizations
· But NOT so you can better exploit others’ compromised DM!
Investment decisions – studied in Behavioral Finance
· Focus on “Prescriptive” or “Descriptive”?
· Reveals how biases affect both individuals and markets
· Individuals/teams/units will be our focus
· Yours, as well as your customers, suppliers, partners, etc.
· Point out analogies where “investment” is in other than $ terms
Main causes of poor investment decisions
· Overconfidence in own knowledge, beliefs, predictions
· “Active trading is hazardous to your wealth”. Men usually worse.
· How do brokerages reconcile the conflicts of interest?
· Optimism about choices made
· Relates to availability heuristics, confirmation bias, and regret avoidance
· Encouraged by financial media – why?
· Denying randomness (or regression to the mean)
· The past usually predicts the future, but not the way most people believe
· Anchoring, status quo, and procrastination
· Tendency toward status quo, consistency, omission, or inaction
· Poor framing and misuse of reference points
· Complexicating gains/losses; not treating sunk costs as irrelevant
· Prospect theory: risk aversion with gains, risk seeking with losses
Active trading
· Traders, like everyone, are likely to regress to the mean
· The mean is losing money, since the bank/casino always get its cut
· Many jumped into the role based on vivid data
· Skewed by availability and affect heuristics
· Most neglected the other side of each transaction
· Other party is likely better equipped than you
· Every transaction has at least two sides, winners and losers
Steps to better decision-making in investing
· Recognize impossibility of outsmarting the market
· Keynes’ analogy of higher-order thinking
· Relates to the “pick a number between 0 and 100” game
· No perfect solution because human nature determines the outcome
· Determine goals and plans, then act on and stick with them
· Balance “shoulds” and “wants” (listen to the angel, mostly)
· Deploy your heuristics in useful ways
· Make long-term plans without near-term emotions
· Develop formulas (plans and policies) objectively
· Then stick to them!
· Extensions to non-monetary investments
· Most of these concepts apply to investments of other resources
· Time, energy, reputation, careers, emotion, hopes, what else?
· Analogies, examples?
Apply the concepts of irrational investment decisions (Above in Blue) to decisions in your life...
Questions:
· In your non-monetary investments (time, energy, attention, careers, hopes, .
Writing Proposals and Progress ReportsChapter OutlineWriting P.docxambersalomon88660
Writing Proposals and Progress Reports
Chapter Outline
Writing Proposals
Proposal Questions
Proposal Style
Proposals for Class Research Projects
Proposals for Action
Sales Proposals
Business Plans and Other Proposals for Funding
Budget and Costs Sections
Writing Progress Reports
Chronological Progress Reports
Task Progress Reports
Recommendation Progress Reports
Summary of Key Points
Page 563IN THE NEWS
Proposals by Corporate Investors
Public companies invite proposals from their shareholders on the company’s response to its stakeholders. Corporate investors, led by religious groups and socially responsible investors, have increasingly been bringing forth environmental and social proposals. Often companies work with proponents of these proposals to arrive at mutually agreeable outcomes.
The growth in these proposals has been tremendous—from around 7% to 32% between 2004 and 2007—counting those that garnered at least 15% votes. Among specific issues that these proposals address are companies’ sexual orientation policies, pollution policies, labor policies, efforts on climate change, and political contributions. Some of these proposals find mention in the following year’s annual or corporate sustainability report, while some others result in specific agreements with the company. Proposals can be resubmitted, so it’s in the companies’ interest to take proposals seriously.
Two major examples come from Exxon. The Sisters of St. Dominic were the lead filers on a proposal, which got 31% support, asking for greenhouse gas reduction. A different proposal from an individual investor, which got 27% support, asked for the development of renewable energy sources. Another instance is Domini Social Investments’ proposal asking Home Depot to produce a report on its sustainably harvested lumber. Home Depot agreed to publish on its Web site its wood purchasing policy, including quantitative information.
“Corporate investors . . . have increasingly been bringing forth environmental and social proposals.”
Adapted from William J. Holstein, “A Bumper Crop of Green Proposals,” in BusinessWeek: Managing: Your Board: Armchair MBA, http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/jun2008/ca20080626_395541.htm (accessed April 11, 2009).
Page 564Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will know how to
Write proposals.
Prepare budget and costs sections.
Write progress reports.
Proposals and progress reports are two documents that frequently are part of larger, longer projects. Proposals argue for the work that needs to be done and who will do it. Progress reports let people know how you are coming on the project.
Writing Proposals
In the workplace, much work is routine or specifically assigned by other people. But sometimes you or your organization will want to consider something different, and you will need to write a proposal for that work. Generally, proposals are created for projects that are longer or more expensive than routine w.
Please ask experts to solve this in the correct way. 1. (20 point.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please ask experts to solve this in the correct way. 1. (20 points) A facsimile communication
system transmits the massages that an image pixel is black (event S0 ) with probability
P0=0.2689 and that an image pixel is white (event S1 ) with probability P1=0.7311. Under S0,
the observations are normal with zero mean and unity variance, while under S1, the observations
are normal with unit variance and mean equal to 4 . Two independent observations are made.
Show that the minimum probability of decision error rule reduces to S^=S1y=r1+r2S^>.
please answer this multiple choice question2.What major Department.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please answer this multiple choice question
2.What major Department of Defense (DoD) decision support system is used to identify, assess,
validate, and prioritize military capability requirements?
(3 Points)
A) Systems Engineering (SE) Process
B) Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA)
C)Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE)
D)Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS).
please answer this multiple choice question4.This Technical Review.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please answer this multiple choice question
4.This Technical Review evaluates whether the system functional baseline satisfies the end-user
requirements and whether functional requirements and verification methods support achievement
of performance requirements. Which Technical Review best matches this definition?
(3 Points)
A)System Requirements Review (SRR)
B)Functional Design Review (FDR)
C)Alternative Systems Review (ASR)
D)System Functional Review (SFR).
Please answer question in full 2.1 Security management function.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer question in full 2.1 Security management functions entails establishing,
implementing, and monitoring an information security program. What is a security program?
Outline the key security program areas. 2.2 The COBIT responsibility model is formalized
through a RACl chart matrix attached to all 34 COBIT processes. Discuss RACl charting and the
problem that they help to avoid. (20).
Please answer these questions 150 words only 1) List four lines o.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer these questions 150 words only
1) List four lines of evidence that support a link between cancer and genetics. Describe the
ultimate cause of cancer and how an individuals life-style might reduce the chances of
developing cancer.
2) Explain why epithelial cells are the source of 80% to 90% of all cancers. Then list at least two
types of epithelial cells, and at least four types of cancer for which they are the source..
Please answer the questions in orderExplain why a virus is co.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer the questions in order:
Explain why a virus is considered an intracellular parasite.Explain how the virus that causes
shingles could be present within a patients cells to emerge years after a patient has Chicken pox
even though the patients cells themselves have replicated during those years.Describe what must
occur for the presence of a bacterial species to be considered presence of an infectious disease.
Please answer the questions in order:.
Please answer the questions in orderCompare and contrast Virus a.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer the questions in order:Compare and contrast: Virus and PrionCompare and
contrast: Colony morphology and Cellular morphologyCompare and contrast: Yeast and
BacteriaCompare and contrast: Enveloped and Nonenveloped viruses.
Please answer the questions in order:.
Please answer the questions in ordarExplain the advantage for sur.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please answer the questions in ordar:Explain the advantage for survival of species of the massive
number of spores produced by fungi.Discuss the microbial diversity. Include both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic microbial pathogen groups discussed in unit 3.Explain how algae can harm
humans without causing an infection.
Please answer the questions in ordar:.
Please give a detailed summary of the article where I can write at l.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please give a detailed summary of the article where I can write at least half a page. As part of the
summary, students should list at least one thing they learned from the article and at least one item
in the article that they did not understand. Please do not use a previous experts answers. Ith that
time of your agein, which cot me defned team gosks. litaring to a pasciot by Nichad Lembuxd.
Belichick is noboricus for plinring every author of "Gridron Genius: A Master Class detal of his
operation to align them all with in Wirning Championships and Bulding the desined culture.
Through his knowledge Dyrenties in the NFL. of the geme and mastery of culture.
BedichLemburdi spert 30 years in the trencherh, lick undervarts hout bo meximion team
sucmoriking for some of the bop NFL tesms, eess by using his plypers in cloarly defined
including Bel Wagkh's Son Francieco 49ers woys thet masimize their stwengths. Belichick's
New Englind Patricks, so he frent of their jersey not the fime on the clearly knows what he is
talling about. back. Lombavd embraces the obvious if snderaperecideco truth the cusity leeder-
At for the quartertock, how he camles ship at the tog is foundubional for ergari. Rimbef is critical
to an N-L towmi suc2stional success, and he detwes into the oess, says Lombord. The best GEs,
such as leadership styles of "the two cosch Bils" Joe Montans and Tom Brady, male other He
nostulates the the blagest resson for pecole better and quve them sontidence. the 4 foer and
Pabriot sucoenses is that beth Reflecting on lewiling his taymmaes. fom Wakh and Befichick
embraced the same Brady has said, "Cnoe I develop the trust, I wey aporosche prosctively
focusing on foel lie I can be bough on them. But I can't be tough on them befone 1 develop the.
please fill in the chart A company that uses job order c.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please fill in the chart
A company that uses job order costing incurred a monthly factory payroll of $202,000. Of this
amount, $48,000 is indirect labor and $154,000 is direct labor. Prepare joumal entries to record
the (a) use of direct labor and (b) use of indirect labor. Journal entry worksheet
Journal entry worksheet Note: Enter debits before credits..
Please fill in the code to run the program based on the following in.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please fill in the code to run the program based on the following instructions(Please make sure it
compiles and runs and gives output in the given format):
(Please note that I don't need an explanation for the code, but the code itself. Thanks in advance)
Input: Take a filed named topo.txt as an input, the contents of the file is below
0 10 5 2
10 0 1 1
5 1 0 3
2 1 3 0
Your simulator should read a topology file (say, topo.txt) with a matrix {Di,j }, i, j {0.., N 1}. N
is the number of nodes (routers) and Di,j is the link cost from node i to node j. If nodes i and j are
the same, Di,j = 0; If nodes i and j are directly connected (adjacent), Di,j = e, where e 0.
Otherwise, nodes i and j are not directly connected and you should assign link cost Di,j = 1.
Implementation:
You need to first implement DV initialization per node via rtinit(struct distance table *dt, int
node id, int *link costs, int num nodes)
For every node, rtinit() will be called only ONCE at the beginning of the simulation (k=0). For
example, to initialize node 0, you need to use rtinit(&dt, 0, link cost, 4) (Please check the sample
code for more information). Node 0 should firstly initialize its distance table by setting all
distances to 1. After that, node 0s distance vector in the distance table is changed to (0,10,5,2),
representing the minimum distance from node 0 to all nodes in the topology. Lastly, node 0
needs to send its distance vector in a routing packet to its connected neighbors using
send2neighbor(rtpkt packet) (you can find this function in the sample code) based on the input
topology.
You then need to implement DV update for each received routing packets. Please assume that
every DV update happens in a synchronous manner while it is not true for DV in reality.
Please use this method to update DV for each node- rtupdate(struct distance table *dt, struct rtpkt
recv pkt)
This method will be called for each received routing packet at each simulation time slot k 1. It
parses the input, which is a routing packet recv pkt to update the distance table based on the DV
algorithm. If its own minimum distance to any of the other nodes is updated, the node informs its
directly connected neighbors of this change in minimum cost by sending them a routing packet
(send2neighbor(rtpkt packet)). Therefore, in the given example, nodes 0 and 1 will communicate
with each other, but nodes 1 and 3 will not.
Convergence: Please make sure that your code can run successfully and produce correct and
converged output under any topology with any N 10.
Test cases and the expected outputs:
Assume the simulation starts at slot k = 0 for initialization and k 1 when updating DVs at each
simulation slot. You need to print out the current slot k followed by DVs of all the nodes in the
ascending order at the end of the simulation slots. Please print them out in the first five slots (k =
0, 1, 2, 3, 4) and then every 10 slots (k = 10, 20, 30, ) until they converge. In this test case, the
expected out.
Please explain fully each step and what inputs and the number of row.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please explain fully each step and what inputs and the number of rows for the Two Way
ANOVA Researchers have sought to examine the effect of various types of music on agitation
levels in patients who are in the early and middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. Patients were
selected to participate in the study based on their stage of Alzheimer's disease. Three forms of
music were tested: Easy listening, Mozart, and piano interludes. While listening to music,
agitation levels were recorded for the patients with a high score indicating a higher level of
agitation. Scores are recorded below. Perform a two-way ANOVA and interpret the results. Test
at the 0.05 level. Use Excel and attach the printout..
please explain how attaker crack 2DES and show your work. 3DES = Run.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please explain how attaker crack 2DES and show your work. 3DES = Run DES three times using
2 keys: DESk1(DESk21(DESk1(m))) same as DES if k1=k2 Why not just twice, 2DES?
DESk2(DESk1(m)).
Please explain answer choice 26. Small functionally disruptive hardw.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please explain answer choice 26. Small functionally disruptive hardware Trojans are risky
because A. They are not capable of implementing any type of disruptive function B. They might
be accidentally detected C. They might not work for the adversary D. They occupy a small
region and therefore can cause a large leakage current anomaly E. All of the above Explanation:
Click or tap here to enter text..
Please explain answer choice 15. Match each of the following counter.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please explain answer choice 15. Match each of the following countermeasures to its description:
1. Separate regions of the chip that operate on plaintext from regions that operate on ciphertext 2.
Replaces conventional memory controllers in secure processor settings to protect against
information leakage in external memory and the processor 1/0 bus. 3. Reduce the SNR by either
increasing the noise or reducing the signal via Noise Generators, Balanced Logic Styles,
Asynchronous Logic, Low Power Design and Shieldin3 4. Denial of proximity, access, and
possession Explanation: Click or tap here to enter text..
Please draw an activity diagram using Enterprise. or draw using symb.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please draw an activity diagram using Enterprise. or draw using symbol below that i attched in
picture
Swimlanes:
Activity Diagram Steps: Activity Structured, Action Partition Object Central Buf Datastore
Decision Merge Send Receive Synch Initial Final Flow Final Region Exception Fork/Join F
Fork/Join.
please do the extra credit \%\% (1) Load training set images from a .mat file (2 points) clear;
close all; clc; % Detailed instructions: \% Load the training set of 2414 images contained in the
MATLAB data file \% training_set_faces.m into the MATLAB workspace: Each image % in the
training set is a 48px by 42px image of a face. The training set fa% are saved in the MAT file
training_set_faces.mat. When you load this data \% file into the MATLAB workspace, you will
see a 3D array called yalefaces \% where the entry yalefaces (:,:,1) is the first image of the
training set, % yalefaces (:,:,2) is the second image, etc. % \% Suggested MATLAB functions:
load \% !! Your code here !! Load the training images from the provided \% MAT file
training_set_faces.mat load training_set_faces.mat;
\%\% (2) Plot one training set image (5 points) % Detailed intructions: \% Plot one of the images
from the training set 3D array to demonstrate you've \% correctly imported the training set
images. % \% Suggested MATLAB functions: imshow \% PLOTTING WITH imshow: Use the
options 'DisplayRange', [], and \% 'InitialMagnification', 'fit' when using imshow so that the
plotted images % are easy to see. See imshow help documentation for syntax details and the %
in-class Eigenfaces activities more help. % !! Your code here !! In a new figure, plot one of the
images you just loaded \% into MATLAB. Include a descriptive figure title. (5 points) figure
imshow(yalefaces (:, : , 1), [10 250 , 'InitialMagnification ', ... 'fit', 'Interpolation', 'bilinear')
title('eigenface 1)
\% (3) Vectorize the images and combine into 2D array (8 points) % Detailed instructions: %
create a 2D array that contains all the vectorized images in the training % set. First, convert each
image into a vector, simply by concatenating the row % of pixels in the original image, resulting
in a single column with 4842=%2016 elements, just like the in-class activity. % Then combine
all 2414 training set image column vectors into % a single matrix T, where each column of the
matrix is an image. Each row % of this matrix T corresponds to a pixel location. The 2D array
must be % assigned to the variable T. The size of T will be 20162414. %% suggested MATLAB
functions: reshape (or using a for loop) % !! Your code here !! Vectorize training set images into
a 2D array called T % ( 8 points) [a,b, c] = size(yalefaces); T = reshape(yalefaces, [a*b, c]);
\% We need to be sure the data type of our T matrix is double for the rest % of the computations
in this code (mean, subtraction, eig, etc.) T= double (T);% do not modify the line % (4) Find the
mean face ( 5 points) % Detailed instructions: \% The mean face is found by taking the average
pixel value across all images % in the training set at each pixel location. So the mean face pixel
(2,3) is % the average of the pixel values from all the images at the training set for % that one
pixel (2,3). The mean face will be a column vector of size 20161. % Remember that the.
Please do not copy answers from other similar questions because thos.pdfamarnathmahajansport
Please do not copy answers from other similar questions because those questions have different
string. Suppose the information portion of a packet ( D in Figure 6.3) contains 10 bytes
consisting of the 8-bit unsigned binary ASCII representation of string "Internet." Compute the
Internet checksum for this data..
please draw a model for the signaling pathways that determine both d.pdfamarnathmahajansport
please draw a model for the signaling pathways that determine both dorsal-ventral and anterior-
posterior patterning in frog embryos. Please start with B-catenin and VeT and Vgl and include as
many factors as you can that go into trunk and head organization. Make sure you include the
tissues produced by certain combinations of factors..
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Please answer the 4 questions at the end please do all of them at th.pdf
1. Please answer the 4 questions at the end please do all of them at the same time you can't answer
one and leave the other they are related to the same article thank you
Causes and Outcomes of Conflict
There are many potential root causes of conflict at work. Well go over six of them here.
Remember, anything that leads to a disagreement can be a cause of conflict. Although conflict is
common to organizations, some organizations have more than others.
Causes of Conflict
Organizational Structure
Conflict tends to take different forms, depending on the organizational structure. For example, if
a company uses a matrix structure as its organizational form, it will have decisional conflict built
in, because the structure specifies that each employee report to two bosses. For example, the
multinational power company with headquarters in Switzerland, ABB Ltd. is organized around
the world in a matrix structure based on the dimensions of country and industry. This structure
can lead to confusion as the companys 147,000 employees are divided across 100 countries into
four global divisions, with each division focusing on different industries and products.
Limited Resources
Resources such as money, time, and equipment are often scarce. Competition among people or
departments for limited resources is a frequent cause for conflict. For example, cutting-edge
laptops and other devices are expensive resources that may be allocated to employees on a need-
to-have basis in some companies. When a group of employees have access to such resources
while others do not, conflict may arise among employees or between employees and
management. While technical employees may feel that these devices are crucial to their
productivity, employees with customer contact such as sales representatives may make the point
that these devices are important for them to make a good impression to clients. Because
important resources are often limited, this is one source of conflict many companies have to live
with.
Task Interdependence
Another cause of conflict is task interdependence; that is, when accomplishment of your goal
requires reliance on others to perform their tasks. For example, if youre tasked with creating
advertising for your product, youre dependent on the creative team to design the words and
layout, the photographer or videographer to create the visuals, the media buyer to purchase the
advertising space, and so on. The completion of your goal (airing or publishing your ad) is
dependent on others.
Incompatible Goals
Sometimes conflict arises when two parties think that their goals are mutually exclusive. Within
2. an organization, incompatible goals often arise because of the different ways department
managers are compensated. For example, a sales managers bonus may be tied to how many sales
are made for the company. As a result, the individual might be tempted to offer customers
freebies such as expedited delivery in order to make the sale. In contrast, a transportation
managers compensation may be based on how much money the company saves on transit. In this
case, the goal might be to eliminate expedited delivery because it adds expense. The two will
butt heads until the company resolves the conflict by changing the compensation scheme. For
example, if the company assigns the bonus based on profitability of a sale, not just the dollar
amount, the cost of the expediting would be subtracted from the value of the sale. It might still
make sense to expedite the order if the sale is large enough, in which case both parties would
support it. On the other hand, if the expediting negates the value of the sale, neither party would
be in favor of the added expense.
Personality Differences
Personality differences among coworkers are common. By understanding some fundamental
differences among the way people think and act, we can better understand how others see the
world. Knowing that these differences are natural and normal lets us anticipate and mitigate
interpersonal conflictits often not about you but simply a different way of seeing and behaving.
For example, Type A individuals have been found to have more conflicts with their coworkers
than Type B individuals.
Communication Challenges
Sometimes conflict arises simply out of a small, unintentional communication problem, such as
lost emails or dealing with people who dont return phone calls. Giving feedback is also a case in
which the best intentions can quickly escalate into a conflict situation. When communicating,
focusing on behavior and its effects rather than the person is one strategy that may prevent well-
intentioned feedback from creating conflict.
In a corporate example, the Hershey Company was engaged in talks behind closed doors with
Cadbury Schweppes about a possible merger. No information about this deal was shared with
Hersheys major stakeholder, the Hershey Trust. When Robert Vowler, the CEO of the Hershey
Trust at that time, discovered that talks were underway without anyone consulting the Trust,
tensions between the major stakeholders began to rise. As Hershey continued to underperform,
steps were taken in what is now called the Sunday night massacre, in which several board
members were forced to resign and Richard Lenny, Hersheys then CEO, retired. This example
shows how a lack of communication can lead to an escalation of conflict. Now, let's turn our
attention to the outcomes of conflict.
Outcomes of Conflict
One of the most common outcomes of conflict is that it upsets parties in the short run. However,
3. as we saw earlier, conflict can have both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side,
conflict can result in greater creativity or better decisions. For example, as a result of a
disagreement over a policy, a manager may learn from an employee that newer technologies are
available that may help solve problems in an unanticipated new way.
Positive outcomes include the following:
Consideration of a broader range of ideas, resulting in a better, stronger idea
Surfacing of assumptions that may be inaccurate
Increased participation and creativity
Clarification of individual views that build learning
On the other hand, conflict can be dysfunctional if it is excessive or involves personal attacks or
underhanded tactics.
Examples of negative outcomes include the following:
Increased stress and anxiety among individuals, which decreases productivity and satisfaction
Feelings of being defeated and demeaned, which lowers individuals morale and may increase
turnover
A climate of mistrust, which hinders the teamwork and cooperation necessary to get work done
Is Your Job at Risk for Workplace Violence?
You may be at increased risk for workplace violence if your job involves the following:
Dealing with People
Caring for others either emotionally or physically, such as at a nursing home or rehabilitation
center. In fact, nurses have faced a 110% increase in workplace violence in the last 10 years.
Interacting with frustrated customers, such as with retail sales or restaurants.
Supervising others, such as being a manager or team leader.
Denying requests others make of you, such as with customer service or insurance claims.
Being in High-Risk Situations
Dealing with valuables or exchanging money, such as in banking or retail settings.
Handling weapons, such as in law enforcement or security guards.
Working with drugs, alcohol, or those under the influence of them, such as bartending or health
care workers.
Working nights or weekends, such as gas station attendants or hotel front desk clerks.
Given these negative outcomes, how can conflict be managed so that it does not become
dysfunctional or even dangerous? Well explore this in the next section.
Key Takeaway
Conflict has many causes, including organizational structures, limitations on resources, task
interdependence, goal incompatibility, personality differences, and communication challenges.
Outcomes of well-managed conflict include increased participation and creativity, while
4. negatives of poorly managed conflict include increased stress and anxiety. Jobs that deal with
people are at higher risk for conflict.
1- What are the most prevalent causes of conflict at work?
2- What are the common outcomes of workplace conflict?
3- Do you think workplace violence is a problem or not? Why do you think that is?
4- What outcomes have you observed from conflict for yourself? In other words, how do you
feel or act after a conflict?
