The document describes a Playful Toothbrush system that uses computer vision and a game to teach proper tooth brushing skills to kindergarten children. A study found that after using the system for 5 days, the children showed improved cleaning effectiveness, increased number of brushing strokes, longer brushing time, and better coverage of all teeth areas compared to before using the system. The Playful Toothbrush is an example of using sensing and persuasive technologies embedded in a child's environment to positively influence their behaviors.

1. Playful Toothbrush: Ubicomp Technology for Teaching Tooth Brushing to Kindergarten Children CHI 2008, Florence Italy Yu-Chen Chang, Chao-Ju Huang, Hao Chu , Peggy Chi National Taiwan University Jin-Ling Lo, Nan-Yi Hsu, Hisn-Yen Wang, Ya-Lin Hsieh National Taiwan University Hospital

12. Playful Toothbrush Prototype (two main components) Vision-based brushing tracker Brushing game

17. 8.4% 6.8% Average 12.0% 41/343 3.7% 241/6493 13 0% 0/168 2.4% 118/4974 12 17.6% 111/630 10.2% 695/6847 11 8.6% 115/1298 0.9% 32/3532 10 3.3% 23/688 3.4% 239/7104 9 12.2% 206/1288 13.5% 579/4302 8 0% 0/196 5.3% 290/5520 7 0% 0/80 2% 90/4551 6 9.5% 60/634 4.3% 209/4813 5 5.3% 20/380 11.7% 617/5270 4 16% 209/1304 6.5% 331/5130 3 14.8% 49/332 14.8% 880/5958 2 9.7% 47/483 9.2% 602/6521 1 (%) false positive rate (frame) (%) false negative rate (frame) Children

25. User Study: Cleaning Effect Results 0 .70( 0 .14) 0 .18( 0 .10) 0 .88( 0 .14) Day 11 Follow-up 0.66(0.28) 0.16(0.07) 0.85(0.10) Average 0 .70( 0 .15) 0 .15( 0 .08) 0 .86( 0 .16) Day 10 0 .67( 0 .13) 0 .16( 0 .10) 0 .83( 0 .11) Day 9 Post - test 0.66(0.17) 0.08(0.06) 0.74(0.19) Average 0 .68( 0 .17) 0 .11( 0 .10) 0 .79( 0 .18) Day 8 0 .64( 0 .26) 0 .04( 0 .05) 0 .68( 0 .28) Day 6 0 .67( 0 .15) 0 .09( 0 .10) 0 .76( 0 .14) Day 4 Training 0 .32( 0 .21) 0 .37( 0 .18) 0 .69( 0 .25) Day 3 Pre-test Cleaning effect M ean ( SD ) After brushing M ean ( SD ) Before brushing M ean ( SD )

26. User Study: Brushing Behavior Results 120(36) 8.31(5.07) 239.62(107.48) Day 11 Follow-up 118(30) 8.46(4.82) 248.00(87.12) Average 99(31) 9.46(5.12) 214.31( 71.91) D ay 10 137(41) 7.46(4.89) 281.69(120.66) D ay 9 Posttest Average Training 76(45) 12.39(4.75) 190.46(138.38) Average 67(46) 13.46(5.35) 168.62(157.03) Day 3 84(53) 11.31(5.25) 212.31(137.77) Day 2 Pretest Brushing time M ean (SD) (sec) Number of unbrushed teeth areas M ean (SD) Number of brushing strokes M ean (SD)

29. Examples of Other Persuasive Technologies

33. Thanks Q & A