Planets and the solar system
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This document provides brief descriptions of celestial bodies in our solar system, including the planets closest to the sun, Earth, Mars, the largest planet Jupiter known for its rings, gas giant Saturn, cold Uranus, and that planets orbit the sun while stars are huge balls of hot gas, with the sun being the nearest star to Earth and constellations being patterns of stars in the sky.
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The solar system consists of the Sun and everything that orbits around it, including 8 planets, moons, asteroids, comets and other space objects. The Sun contains over 99% of the mass in the solar system and is at the center. It is a medium-sized, yellow dwarf star that is over 4 billion years old. The planets can be divided into inner, rocky planets like Earth and outer gas giants like Jupiter that have rings.
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The document summarizes key aspects of our solar system. It states that the sun is at the center and is much larger than all the other planets combined. It describes the eight planets in our solar system, which can be remembered using the mnemonic "My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos". It notes that the inner four planets are rocky, while the outer four are gas giants. It also discusses other objects like asteroids, comets and meteoroids that orbit the sun.
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This document provides information about lab safety rules, common safety symbols seen in laboratories, and descriptions of various laboratory tools and equipment. It lists 10 lab safety rules but does not specify them. It also describes safety symbols for substances that are explosive, flammable, corrosive, toxic, radioactive, pose environmental dangers, or are oxidizing, gases under pressure, or health hazards. Finally, it provides the names, uses, and simple diagrams of common lab tools including test tubes, beakers, conical flasks, Bunsen burners, tripods and gauzes, clamps and stands, funnels and filter paper, round-bottom and flat-bottom flasks, separating funnels, and delivery tubes.
Classroom rules and intro. to chemistry igcse (ext.)
This document outlines expectations and provides an introduction for the IGCSE Chemistry (Extended) course. It details that students will be assessed through pop quizzes, regular quizzes, three progression tests, and mock exams starting in March. Students are expected to take notes, use provided resource packs, past papers, and copybooks to study on a daily basis. They should understand all material, ask questions if unsure, and assess understanding through homework.
Classroom rules and intro. to chemistry igcse (core)
This document outlines expectations and provides an introduction for the IGCSE Chemistry course. It discusses that students will be assessed through pop quizzes, regular quizzes, three progression tests, and mock exams starting in March. Students are expected to take notes, use provided resource packs, past papers, and copybooks to study. They should take notes during each session, understand the material, and study daily assignments to assess their understanding, asking questions if anything is unclear.
Electric circuits 1
The document discusses electric circuits and their components. It explains that an electric circuit requires a power source, conducting materials like wires, components that use the electricity such as light bulbs, and switches. It also describes how to draw circuit diagrams using symbols and discusses key circuit concepts like current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's law. Ohm's law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. The document uses examples like dimmer switches and defibrillators to illustrate these circuit principles.
Plants life cycles
1. Seeds need certain conditions like water, light, and warmth to germinate and grow into new plants.
2. Flowers have both male and female parts that work together to create new plants through pollination and fertilization. Pollen is transferred by insects from the male stamen to the female stigma and ovary.
3. The process of reproduction through spreading seeds and pollinating flowers is important for the circle of life as it allows plants and animals to continue their species and prevent extinction.
9 c plants-and-photosynthesis-101oqsd
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25 people and the planet part1
Hunter-gatherers lived in East Africa about 200,000 years ago and gradually spread across continents. Around 10,000 years ago, some groups in the Middle East began farming, which allowed population growth and specialization in crafts. Early machines like watermills and windmills harnessed energy from water and wind. The steam engine was invented in the 18th century and powered the Industrial Revolution, but also caused pollution. Today various renewable and non-renewable sources provide energy for transportation, electricity generation, and more.
27 people and planet(part3)
The document provides 5 tips for reducing environmental damage through conserving energy at home, such as switching off unused lights and electrical equipment, using low energy light bulbs, only running washing machines with full loads, drying clothes outside instead of using driers, and wearing warm clothes instead of using heaters. It also lists large-scale projects like setting up recycling schemes, developing alternative energy sources, reducing CFCs and harmful pesticides, and creating pollution-reducing devices. The document concludes by stating these efforts require work from governments and companies.
26 people and planet part 2
This document summarizes several ways that human activities have impacted the environment. It discusses how the development of farming, industry, and fossil fuel use has destroyed natural habitats and introduced chemicals like pesticides and pollutants. It also describes how the introduction of gases like CFCs in the early 20th century were found to be damaging the ozone layer. The extra carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels may cause global warming and changes to habitats worldwide. Acid rain can damage soil and kill plants from gases emitted by volcanoes, lightning, power stations, and factories.
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Static charge builds up when two insulating materials are rubbed together through friction, such as a plastic comb moving through hair. This friction causes electrons to be transferred from one material to the other, leaving one material with an excess of electrons and an overall negative charge, and the other material with a deficit of electrons and an overall positive charge. Static charge comes from the transfer of electrons between atoms during rubbing, as electrons can sometimes be removed from their atoms.
Week 7 10 turning effects
This document discusses balanced and unbalanced forces. It defines a moment as a turning effect caused by a force, and explains that the size of a moment depends on two factors: the size of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point. It provides the moment equation and gives examples of moments, including a see-saw. It introduces the principle of moments, which states that for an object to be balanced, the sum of clockwise moments must equal the sum of anticlockwise moments. Finally, it defines the center of mass as the point where all the mass of an object seems to be concentrated.
9.10.3 pressure
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Density
1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and can be used to compare how much mass is contained within a certain volume of different materials.
2. The density of a material can be calculated by measuring its mass and volume, with density equaling mass divided by volume.
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Ch.16.magnets and electromagnets
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7 l the_solar_system_and_beyond
Scientists' ideas about the solar system have developed over time from ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Ptolemy, who believed the Earth was the center, to Copernicus, who proposed the Sun was the center in the 16th century. Kepler later suggested elliptical orbits and Newton developed the law of universal gravitation. In the 18th-19th centuries, Herschel discovered Uranus and Hubble showed the universe is expanding, leading to the Big Bang theory. Major advances were made through improved telescope technology by Galileo and others.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Planets and the solar system
- 1. What are stars and planets?
- 2. The closest planet to the sun.
- 3. The beautiful planet.
- 4. The planet we live on.
- 6. The biggest planet.
- 7. The king of rings.
- 8. A planet made of gases.
- 9. The coldest planet.
- 10. Planet A large ball of rock or gas that moves around the sun.
- 12. Draw the path of the sun around the earth.
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