The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as copying verbatim the language and ideas of other writers and passing them off as one's own. There are two types of plagiarism: plagiarism of ideas, which involves falsely taking credit for another's work, and plagiarism of language, which involves using another's words without proper citation. The document provides several methods for avoiding plagiarism, such as author-oriented citation, text-oriented citation, and using direct quotations, paraphrasing, or summarizing with proper attribution.

1. Plagiarism

3. Plagiarism
* A serious form of academic dishonesty and is
frowned upon in the academic.
* Defined as the copying verbatim of language
and ideas of other writers and taking credit for
them.

6. Two Types of Plagiarism
1. Plagiarism of Ideas
2. Plagiarism of Language

7. Plagiarism of Ideas
• Occurs when credit for a work is
ascribed to oneself untruthfully.

8. Plagiarism of
Language
• When an author uses the language of
another writer and claims it as his or
her own. Proper citations should be
done to avoid plagiarism.

10. How to Avoid
Plagiarism
1. Author-Oriented Citation
2. Text-Oriented Citation
3. Another Way of Citation

11. • Author-oriented citation starts
with the surname of the author,
followed by the year of publication
in parentheses. Verbs of statement
such as argues, posits, and emphasizes at the start
of the paragraph or sentence may be used.

12. • A paragraph or sentence from a source is
followed with the surname of the author of the
work and the year of publication. The citation
must be include in the parentheses.

13. • Start the sentence or paragraph by using the
phrase “according to…” followed by the
surname of the author and the year of
publication in parentheses.

14. 1. Using direct quotation
2. Summarizing
3. Paraphrasing

15. • Lift the text and enclose them in quotation
marks. In addition to author’s name, the page
numbers are included.
• If the text is too long, you may omit certain
parts and replace them with an ellipses (three
dots).

16. • A short restatement of the main idea of a text.

17. A statement in your own words of the main idea
and supporting details of a text.

18. 1. Literal Paraphrasing
2. Structural Paraphrasing
3. Alternative Paraphrasing

19. Only replaces vocabulary terms from the original
text.

20. Changes the sentence structure as well as the word
class of key words of the original text.

21. The writer first poses question about the text such
as what the text is about, how the main idea
supported and the stand of the author about the
topic. Then, the writer answers these question
using his/her own words after reading the text,
making sure that all ideas are connected.