Joseph Plateau created the phenakistoscope in 1832, which was the first device to demonstrate moving images using a spinning disk with drawings that created the illusion of motion. William Horner then invented the zoetrope in 1834, improving on Plateau's design by making it more portable and viewable by multiple people simultaneously. Emile Muybridge's photographic studies of animal motion inspired scientists like Edison and Marey. Edison then created the kinetoscope in the late 1880s, which was the first device to show moving images to the public using film strips on a wax cylinder. The Lumiere brothers were inspired by the kinetoscope and created the cinematographe in 1895, which could

1. Pioneers of Stop
Motion Animation
By Remi Burgher

2. Joseph Plateau
(phenakitoscope)Joseph Plateau (14 October 1801-15 September
1883) was the first person to demonstrate the
illusion of a moving image. He did this by using a
continues rotating disk with the same changes to
make it look like the image was moving, this
created motion. The device was called a
Phenakitoscope.

3. William Horner
(Zoetrope)
William Horner invented the zoetrope in 1834 and had
originally called it a Daedalum meaning “Wheel of the
devil. The zoetrope was based on Plateau’s
Phenakistoscope but is more convenient as it does not
require a mirror and more then one person can use it.
When the image is drawn with small changes in each
image the illusion is created by the drum which spins
faster smoothing it to show the progression of the
image. a person can look at the image at any point
through one of the walls.

4. Emile Muybridge
With the first success of the photographic studies,
Muybridge inspired such scientists such as Thomas
Alva Edison and more significantly Etienne-Jules Marey.
Marey’s own analytical study of animal locomotion had
motivated Leland Stranford to apply the same research
but with the technology in photography.
After analyzing Muybridges publishing work, Marey had
the vision of using Muybridge’s photographs in a
zeotrope, the Philosophical toy was adapted as a
sequence of drawing attached to a paper band placed
in the rotating drum for viewing.

5. Edison (kinetoscope)
Thomas Edison is most famous for creating the
electric light bulb and the phonograph. However he
was the first person to show moving images to the
public. The images he used where record on a wax
cylinder, by 1889 he had passed the project on to a
Scotsman named Will Dickson. He began working on a
camera using celluloid film. He named this camera the
Kinectograph and used rolls of film 35mm wide. These
strips had holes along the sides to let the camera pull
them through at an even rate.

6. Lumiere brothers
Louis and Auguste came from Lyon in France and
worked in their fathers photography factory. In 18
they viewed Edion’s Kinectoscope in paris and
decided to make one of their own. By February th
following year they had made created working mo
called the Cinematographe. However it could also
used a projected if a lantern was placed infront of
The films they produced where usually around 50
seconds long and created by taking one shot with
camera and keeping it on a fixed tripod making su
it was in the same direction each time. Their first
film was shown in the Lyon Factory.

7. Lumiere brothers
Louis and Auguste came from Lyon in France and
worked in their fathers photography factory. In 18
they viewed Edion’s Kinectoscope in paris and
decided to make one of their own. By February th
following year they had made created working mo
called the Cinematographe. However it could also
used a projected if a lantern was placed infront of
The films they produced where usually around 50
seconds long and created by taking one shot with
camera and keeping it on a fixed tripod making su
it was in the same direction each time. Their first
film was shown in the Lyon Factory.