The document discusses the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women based on a study of nine cases in China. It finds that the clinical characteristics and outcomes for pregnant women with COVID-19 were less severe than those seen in pregnant women with SARS. However, more research is still needed given the small number of cases. It recommends pregnant women and newborns be considered at-risk populations and that prevention and management strategies be strengthened.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention o...ijtsrd
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward coronavirus disease COVID 19 Background The World Health Organization declared COVID 19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and declared as a global health emergency. Since then, many efforts are being carried out to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID 19 epidemic in India. The control measures COVID 19 is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP towards COVID 19. Knowledge attitude and practice of people should be directed towards strict preventive practices in order to prevents the spread of the virus. Materials and Methods The aim of the current electronic cross sectional study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among selected rural community. Structured questionnaire was created in the google forms, the link was generated and distributed among the people though email and other media to participate in the survey. A total 153 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results Majority of participant 91.50 were having the adequate information regarding the covid 19 and most of participants, 52.28 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio and newspaper regarding COVID 19. About 52.28 participants were the aware about the online training program by the government .Among 153 participants, 115 had adequate knowledge, 23 had moderately adequate and 15 had inadequate knowledge. Most 75.16 of the participants had adequate knowledge, in 15.03 moderately adequate and in 9.80 inadequate knowledge found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean knowledge score was 15.54 with standard deviation of 2.93. Most of the 102 66.66 had most favourable attitude, 31 20.26 had favourable and 20 13.07 had unfavourable attitude . The mean attitude score was 34.76 with standard deviation of 2.86.Majority of the participants, 129 had good practice, 20 had average practice and 4 had bad practice . Most 84.31 of the participants had good practice, in 13.07 average practice and in 2.61 bad practice found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean practice score was 25.2 with standard deviation of 2.56. Lalan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30657.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30657/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/lalan-kumar
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention o...ijtsrd
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward coronavirus disease COVID 19 Background The World Health Organization declared COVID 19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and declared as a global health emergency. Since then, many efforts are being carried out to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID 19 epidemic in India. The control measures COVID 19 is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP towards COVID 19. Knowledge attitude and practice of people should be directed towards strict preventive practices in order to prevents the spread of the virus. Materials and Methods The aim of the current electronic cross sectional study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among selected rural community. Structured questionnaire was created in the google forms, the link was generated and distributed among the people though email and other media to participate in the survey. A total 153 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results Majority of participant 91.50 were having the adequate information regarding the covid 19 and most of participants, 52.28 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio and newspaper regarding COVID 19. About 52.28 participants were the aware about the online training program by the government .Among 153 participants, 115 had adequate knowledge, 23 had moderately adequate and 15 had inadequate knowledge. Most 75.16 of the participants had adequate knowledge, in 15.03 moderately adequate and in 9.80 inadequate knowledge found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean knowledge score was 15.54 with standard deviation of 2.93. Most of the 102 66.66 had most favourable attitude, 31 20.26 had favourable and 20 13.07 had unfavourable attitude . The mean attitude score was 34.76 with standard deviation of 2.86.Majority of the participants, 129 had good practice, 20 had average practice and 4 had bad practice . Most 84.31 of the participants had good practice, in 13.07 average practice and in 2.61 bad practice found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean practice score was 25.2 with standard deviation of 2.56. Lalan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30657.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30657/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/lalan-kumar
A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease COVID 19ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 coronavirus, which has spread rapidly across the world. The World Health Organization WHO proclaimed the COVID 19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. The pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health systems, as well as economic and social development. The rate of transmission is relatively high.As a result, regardless of vaccine history or previous infection, the CDC recommends that anyone with any signs or symptoms of COVID 19 be checked. Everyday Preventive Actions, as well as having the Covid 19 Vaccine when it is safe, will protect you and your loved ones. Prof. Dr. Anup Kumar Das | Dr. Humani Sharma | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43677.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43677/a-perspective-approach-of-community-medicine-in-corona-virus-disease-covid-19/prof-dr-anup-kumar-das
Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) just released their new e-newsletter. This edition focused on COVID-19 experiences by health care providers.
A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease COVID 19ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 coronavirus, which has spread rapidly across the world. The World Health Organization WHO proclaimed the COVID 19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. The pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health systems, as well as economic and social development. The rate of transmission is relatively high.As a result, regardless of vaccine history or previous infection, the CDC recommends that anyone with any signs or symptoms of COVID 19 be checked. Everyday Preventive Actions, as well as having the Covid 19 Vaccine when it is safe, will protect you and your loved ones. Prof. Dr. Anup Kumar Das | Dr. Humani Sharma | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43677.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43677/a-perspective-approach-of-community-medicine-in-corona-virus-disease-covid-19/prof-dr-anup-kumar-das
Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) just released their new e-newsletter. This edition focused on COVID-19 experiences by health care providers.
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China. It is rapidly spreading, resulting in an epidemic throughout china, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the WHO designated the disease COVID 19, which stands for corona viruses 2019. The virus that causes COVID 19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS COV 2 previously, it was referred to as 2019 nCoV. Anushka Bharti | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandul "COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46439.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/46439/covid19/anushka-bharti
Corona virus was first identified as a cause of the common cold in 1960. Until 2002, the virus was considered a relatively simple, nonfatal virus.Over the last three decades there have been three attacks of three different coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS CoV and the recent one 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 before spreading globally. The current outbreak was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
The non-specific imaging findings are most commonly of atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant distribution. No effective treatment or vaccine exists currently (March 2020).
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...JohnJulie1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic.
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...suppubs1pubs1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic. Here we highlight the importance of screening asymptomatic patients prior to elective surgery, procedure or scheduled hospital admission. This analysis was done for the month of July 2020 during which 261 asymptomatic people were screened for COVID-19. Out of this, 6 patients (2.29%) were diagnosed to have COVID-19 on nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs and subsequently had to delay their elective procedure or surgery. This clearly shows how important it is to screen this cohort of asymptomatic people who could potentially have spread the virus to other patients as well as healthcare professionals.
COVID 19 is a contagious disease caused by a betacoronavirus, which began in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Until now, this new illness has affected more than 6 million people worldwide, and has claimed more than 300 000 human lives. Governments around the globe were faced with the coronavirus pandemic crisis and designed strategies to slow or halt viral transmission. Measures undertaken included enforcing countrywide lockdowns, banning mass gatherings, closing schools and businesses and halting international travel.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
1. Comment
760 www.thelancet.com Vol 395 March 7, 2020
Since December, 2019, the outbreak of the 2019 novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection has become
a major epidemic threat in China. As of Feb 11, 2020,
the cumulative number of confirmed cases in mainland
China has reached 38 800, with 4740 (12·2%) cured
cases and 1113 (2·9%) deaths; additionally, there have
been 16 067 suspected cases so far.1
All 31 provinces
in mainland China have now adopted the first-level
response to major public health emergencies. The
National Health Commission of China has published a
series of guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, based on growing
evidence of the pathogens responsible for COVID-19
infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics,
clinical features, and the most effective treatments.2–4
The central government and some provincial govern
ments have provided food and medical supplies
and dispatched expert groups and medical teams to
manage and control the outbreak response in the
hardest-hit areas (Wuhan and neighbouring cities in
Hubei province).
As the COVID-19 outbreak unfolds, prevention and
control of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women
and the potential risk of vertical transmission have
become a major concern. More evidence is needed to
develop effective preventive and clinical strategies.
The latest research by Huijun Chen and colleagues5
reported in The Lancet provides some insight into the
clinical characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and vertical
transmission potential ofCOVID-19 infection in pregnant
women. Although the study analysed only a small
number of cases (nine women with confirmed COVID-19
pneumonia), under such emergent circumstances these
findings are valuable for preventive and clinical practice in
China and elsewhere. Although neonatal nasopharyngeal
swab samples have been collected in some hospitals
acrossChina,this study also collected andtested amniotic
fluid, cord blood, and breastmilk samples forthe presence
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), thus allowing a more detailed assessment
of the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19
infection.
SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronaviruses that
are pathogenic to humans. Another two notable
strains are SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A study
done by Roujian Lu and colleagues6
found that although
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closer to two bat-derived
SARS-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-
SL-CoVZXC21 (with about 88% genome sequence
identity), than to SARS-CoV-1 (about 79% identity) and
MERS-CoV (about 50% identity), homology modelling
has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has a similar receptor-
binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV-1, which
suggests that COVID-19 infection might have a similar
pathogenesis to SARS-CoV-1 infection.6–8
Thus, the risk
of vertical transmission of COVID-19 might be as low
as that of SARS-CoV-1. The present study by Chen and
What arethe risks ofCOVID-19 infection in pregnant women?
datato inform policy in a wider range of countries is clear,
while improving lifestyle choices and modifying their
social and commercial determinants remain a challenge.
We declare no competing interests.
Stephanie H Read, *Sarah HWild
sarah.wild@ed.ac.uk
Women’s College Research Institute,Women’s College Hospital,Toronto, ON,
Canada (SHR); and Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG,
UK (SHW)
1 GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-
specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for
the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1684–735.
2 RothGA, JohnsonC,AbajobirA, et al.Global, regional, and national burden of
cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990to 2015. JAmCollCardiol 2017;
70: 1–25.
3 WHO. Cardiovascular diseases fact sheet. May 17, 2017. https://www.who.
int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
(accessed Aug 23, 2019).
4 WHO. STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). 2019. https://www.who.
int/ncds/surveillance/steps/en/ (accessed Aug 23, 2019).
5 Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular
disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income,
middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort
study. Lancet 2019; published online Sept 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
6 O’Donnell MJ,Chin SL, Rangarajan S, et al.Global and regional effectsof
potentially modifiable risk factors associatedwith acute stroke in 32 countries
(INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet 2016; 388: 761–75.
7 Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk
factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries
(the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004; 364: 937–52.
8 Olsen MH, Angell SY, Asma S, et al. A call to action and a lifecourse strategy
to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future
generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension. Lancet 2016;
388: 2665–712.
9 AppelmanY, van Rijn BB,Ten Haaf ME, Boersma E, Peters SA. Sex differences
in cardiovascular risk factors and disease prevention. Atherosclerosis 2015;
241: 211–18.
Published Online
February 12, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(20)30365-2
See Articles page 809
For the Chinese translation
see Online for appendix
SoeZeyaTun/Reuters
2. Comment
www.thelancet.com Vol 395 March 7, 2020 761
colleagues did not find any evidence of the presence of
SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in the products of conception
or in neonates, in accordance with the findings of a
previous study on SARS-CoV-1 done by Wong and
colleagues.9
Two neonatal cases of COVID-19 infection
have been confirmed so far,10
with one case confirmed
at 17 days after birth and having a close contact history
with two confirmed cases (the baby’s mother and
maternity matron) and the other case confirmed at
36 h after birth and for whom the possibility of close
contact history cannot be excluded. However, no reliable
evidence is as yet available to support the possibility of
vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from the
mothertothe baby.
Previous studies have shown that SARS during
pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of
adverse maternal and neonatal complications, such as
spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine
growth restriction, application of endotracheal intu
bation, admission to the intensive care unit, renal
failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.9,11
However, pregnant women with COVID-19 infection
in the present study had fewer adverse maternal and
neonatal complications and outcomes than would
be anticipated for those with SARS-CoV-1 infection.
Although a small number of cases was analysed and the
findings should be interpreted with caution, the findings
are mostly consistent with the clinical analysis done by
Zhu and colleagues12
of ten neonates born to mothers
with COVID-19 pneumonia. The clinical characteristics
reported in pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19
infection are similar to those reported for non-pregnant
adults with confirmed COVID-19 infection in the general
population and are indicative of a relatively optimistic
clinical course and outcomes for COVID-19 infection
comparedwith SARS-CoV-1 infection.13,14
Nonetheless, because of the small number of cases
analysed and the short duration of the study period, more
follow-up studies should be done to further evaluate
the safety and health of pregnant women and newborn
babies who develop COVID-19 infection. As discussed in
the study, pregnant women are susceptible to respiratory
pathogens and to development of severe pneumonia,
which possibly makesthem more susceptibletoCOVID-19
infection than the general population, especially if
they have chronic diseases or maternal complications.
Therefore, pregnant women and newborn babies should
be considered key at-risk populations in strategies
focusing on prevention and management of COVID-19
infection. Based on evidence from the latest studies and
expert recommendations, as well as previous experiences
from the prevention and control of SARS, the National
Health Commission of China launched a new notice on
Feb 8, 2020,15
which proposed strengthening health
counselling, screening, and follow-ups for pregnant
women, reinforcing visit time and procedures in obstetric
clinics and units with specialised infection control
preparations and protective clothing, and emphasised
that neonates of pregnant women with suspected or
confirmed COVID-19 infection should be isolated in a
designated unit for at least 14 days after birth and should
not be breastfed, to avoid close contact with the mother
while she has suspectedor confirmedCOVID-19 infection.
We need to further strengthen our capacity to deal
with emergent infectious disease outbreaks, through
laws and regulations to prevent and control the spread
of infectious diseases and to avoid outbreak clusters in
families, communities, and other public places, and to
do so with transparency and solidarity. Timely reporting
and disclosure of emergent infectious diseases is also
important to avoid delayed responses. Infection control
and management procedures in hospitals and other
places with several confirmed cases isolated together
should also be maintained, and specialised clothing and
equipment provided to protect medical professionals
and other health workers from occupational exposure to
COVID-19 infection.
The Chinese version of this Comment is provided in the appendix. I declare no
competing interests.
Jie Qiao
jie.qiao@263.net
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Peking UniversityThird Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical
Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China;
Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of
Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive
Endocrinology and Assisted ReproductiveTechnology, Beijing 100191, China
1 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.The latest
situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia as of 24:00 on 11 February,
2020. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/202002/395f075a5f3a411f80335
766c65b0487.shtml (accessed Feb 12, 2020; in Chinese).
2 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.The notice of
launching guideline on diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus
pneumonia (NCP). 5th edition. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/2020
02/3b09b894ac9b4204a79db5b8912d4440.shtml (accessed Feb 5, 2020;
in Chinese).
3 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.The notice
of launching guideline on diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus
pneumonia (NCP). Revised version of the 5th edition. http://www.nhc.gov.
cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202002/d4b895337e19445f8d728fcaf1e3e13a.shtml
(accessed Feb 8, 2020; in Chinese).
3. Comment
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4 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Notice of
the General Office of the National Health and Health Commission on
issuing a new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control plan
(4th edition). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202002/573340613a
b243b3a7f61df260551dd4.shtml (accessed Feb 7, 2020).
5 Chen H, Guo J,Wang C, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical
transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women:
a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; published online
Feb 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3.
6 Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of
2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor
binding. Lancet 2020; published online Jan 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(20)30251-8.
7 Hamming I,TimensW, Bulthuis MLC, LelyAT, NavisGJ, vanGoor H.
Tissue distribution ofACE2 protein,the functional receptor for SARS
coronavirus.A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. JPathol 2004;
203: 631–37.
8 To KF, Lo AW. Exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
and its putative receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
J Pathol 2004; 203: 740–43.
9 Wong SF, Chow KM, LeungTN, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of
women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;
191: 292–97.
10 National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.Transcript of
Press Conference on Feb 7, 2020. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/20200
2/5bc099fc9144445297e8776838e57ddc.shtml (accessed Feb 7, 2020;
in Chinese).
11 Lam CM,Wong SF, LeungTN, et al. A case-controlled study comparing
clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with
severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG 2004; 111: 771–74.
12 Zhu H,Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to
mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020; published
online Feb 10. DOI:10.21037/tp.2020.02.06.
13 Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics
of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia inWuhan, China:
a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; published online Jan 30. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
14 Li Q, Guan X,Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics inWuhan, China,
of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020.
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strengthening maternal disease treatment and safe midwifery during the
prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia. http://www.nhc.
gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202002/4f80657b346e4d6ba76e2cfc3888c630.
shtml (accessed Feb 8, 2020).
The number of people with novel coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) has risen above 75 000 globally, over
99% of whom are in China, with more than 900 cases
in 25 other countries as of Feb 20, 2020.1,2
Science,
however, is stepping up to the challenge. Consider the
example of Africa’s efforts to scale up its capacity to
detect any cases of infection.
On Feb 3, 2020, the only African countries with
laboratories that could test for severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were South
Africa and Senegal. This scarce capacity was a major
concern for a continent bracing for possible infections.
Just a fortnight later, WHO had sent testing kits to
27 countries on the continent, which are already being
used.3
By the end of this week, the number of countries
able to detect COVID-19 is expected to have risen to 40.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
has led training for these countries in Senegal, with
further sessions scheduled for the week of Feb 24, 2020,
in South Africa.3
The importance of the ability to test for SARS-CoV-2 in
poorer countries cannot be overstated. It gives them the
best chance of containment before the virus can spread
and devastate weak health systems. Reliable diagnostics
are crucial in the response to the outbreak.
Fortunately, scientists around the world are working
at breakneck speed to figure out how to detect, treat,
and control the new coronavirus. On Feb 10–12, 2020,
WHO brought almost 400 scientists together for a
research and innovation forum on the new coronavirus.4
The meeting covered the topics of diagnostics, vaccines,
and therapeutics for COVID-19, alongside questions of
how to best integrate social science into the response
and protection of health-care workers from infection.
The forum generated a research roadmap, due to be
published at the end of February, 2020, to develop
tools to help control the outbreak, reduce deaths, and
minimise damage to economies and the social fabric of
communities.
The roadmap is intended to enable scientists,
researchers, and funders to coordinate and align
Scientists are sprintingto outpacethe novel coronavirus
Published Online
February 20, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(20)30420-7
For the Arabic translation
see Online for appendix 1
For the Chinese translation
see Online for appendix 2
For the French translation
see Online for appendix 3
For the Russian translation
see Online for appendix 4
For the Spanish translation
see Online for appendix 5
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