Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death. Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality.
Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death.
Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from
mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality. The latter is characterized by cytokine storm, an immune reaction, diffuse arterial thromboembolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary oedema,and death.
The whole world is under the threatens of respiratory disease caused by infections of coronavirus. The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease This article trying to focus on the current outbreak of and explores the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, and prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. The aim of this article to provide valid and reliable information and increasing awareness about the COVID 19. Sameer Pawar | Sayali Budhwant | Ketan Shinde | Ashwini Sable "COVID-19: A Scoping Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30567.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/30567/covid19-a-scoping-review/sameer-pawar
Emergency management 11
Emergency Management
Abstract:
In the month of December, 2019 there was outbreak of pneumonia with unknown reason in Wuhan, China. Wuhan is the center of attention because of the respiratory disorder cause by a virus called Corona and also known as Novel COVID – 19. Validate the existence of this virus was also diagnosed in Wuhan. Then it start spreading all over the world due to the social gatherings. It ultimately take thousands of people towards death. Then after its huge destruction a final step of lockdown is taken up by the government of each country. The animal-to-human transmission was presumed as the main mechanism. It was concluded that the virus could also be transmitted from human-to-human, and symptomatic people are the most frequent source of COVID-19 spread. The virus-host interaction and the evolution of the epidemic, with specific reference to the times when the epidemic will reach its peak.
Introduction:
There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe. There are no comparable analogies to corona virus. This virus is not like any of the other epidemiological threats that have emerged in recent decades; it is less fatal but much more contagious.
Distribution of cases by the following:
· Time: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported on December 31, 2019.
· Place: the epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a remote region of China, far from Wuhan, we analyzed the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Gansu Province
Explanation of the research topic (corona virus):
As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly expanding in China and beyond, with the potential to become a world-wide pandemic, real-time analyses of epidemiological data are needed to increase situational awareness and inform interventions. The current most likely hypothesis is that an intermediary host animal has played a role in the transmission. Identifying the animal source of the 2019-nCoV would help to ensure that there will be no further future similar outbreaks with the same virus and will also help understanding the initial spread of the disease.
Numerator (cases of corona virus):
Deaths divided the total of deaths plus recoveries. In early days because of the exponential increase new cases significantly outpace recoveries. You’re dividing by new cases but the numerator hasn’t had a chance to catch up to the death toll yet to be associated with those cases. If you look at COVID 19 on Feb 17, you get the 2% number only if dividing by total cases. If you look vs recovered cases, it’s 13%.
The WHO’s fatality percentage, announced March 17, 2020, is based simply on the number of deaths g.
Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death. Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality.
Advanced age, having comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are three most important reasons for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 and also worsen complications and increase the risk of death.
Despite the vast amount of information available and lessons learned, many countries are still not fully utilizing these to manage secondary peaks of COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include, older age, ethnicity, male sex, having comorbidities, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking; all these are associate with vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 symptomatology varies from
mostly asymptomatic, to, up to 2% fatality. The latter is characterized by cytokine storm, an immune reaction, diffuse arterial thromboembolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary oedema,and death.
The whole world is under the threatens of respiratory disease caused by infections of coronavirus. The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease This article trying to focus on the current outbreak of and explores the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, and prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. The aim of this article to provide valid and reliable information and increasing awareness about the COVID 19. Sameer Pawar | Sayali Budhwant | Ketan Shinde | Ashwini Sable "COVID-19: A Scoping Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30567.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/30567/covid19-a-scoping-review/sameer-pawar
Emergency management 11
Emergency Management
Abstract:
In the month of December, 2019 there was outbreak of pneumonia with unknown reason in Wuhan, China. Wuhan is the center of attention because of the respiratory disorder cause by a virus called Corona and also known as Novel COVID – 19. Validate the existence of this virus was also diagnosed in Wuhan. Then it start spreading all over the world due to the social gatherings. It ultimately take thousands of people towards death. Then after its huge destruction a final step of lockdown is taken up by the government of each country. The animal-to-human transmission was presumed as the main mechanism. It was concluded that the virus could also be transmitted from human-to-human, and symptomatic people are the most frequent source of COVID-19 spread. The virus-host interaction and the evolution of the epidemic, with specific reference to the times when the epidemic will reach its peak.
Introduction:
There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe. There are no comparable analogies to corona virus. This virus is not like any of the other epidemiological threats that have emerged in recent decades; it is less fatal but much more contagious.
Distribution of cases by the following:
· Time: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported on December 31, 2019.
· Place: the epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a remote region of China, far from Wuhan, we analyzed the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Gansu Province
Explanation of the research topic (corona virus):
As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly expanding in China and beyond, with the potential to become a world-wide pandemic, real-time analyses of epidemiological data are needed to increase situational awareness and inform interventions. The current most likely hypothesis is that an intermediary host animal has played a role in the transmission. Identifying the animal source of the 2019-nCoV would help to ensure that there will be no further future similar outbreaks with the same virus and will also help understanding the initial spread of the disease.
Numerator (cases of corona virus):
Deaths divided the total of deaths plus recoveries. In early days because of the exponential increase new cases significantly outpace recoveries. You’re dividing by new cases but the numerator hasn’t had a chance to catch up to the death toll yet to be associated with those cases. If you look at COVID 19 on Feb 17, you get the 2% number only if dividing by total cases. If you look vs recovered cases, it’s 13%.
The WHO’s fatality percentage, announced March 17, 2020, is based simply on the number of deaths g.
Here you will find: Fundamental information about Coronavirus or Covid-19. Facts and figures. Growth of the virus. Preventation from Corona Virus. Future protection against Covid-19.
COVID-19 is a virus caused by acute respiratory syndrome and also known as novel coronavirus or SARS, which was first discovered in late December 2019. It is an RNA virus that is related to influenza (H1N1) and can cause major respiratory issues in affected people. Diagnoses can vary depending on the type of infection and the severity of symptoms may be similar to other viral and bacterial infections.
Archisman Nandy
The objective of this study is to make a comparison between five (5) most affected countries (USA, Brazil, U.K., Italy and India) of the world by Covid-19. The study is based on the secondary data. For conducting this study published data in online portal www.worldometers.info has been used. 4 months i.e. August 2020 to November 2020 has been chosen to carry out this study. For data analysis and interpretation Microsoft excel software (version 2019) has been used. Basic arithmetic technique and ratio analysis has been used in this study for data interpretation purpose. For measuring cyclical fluctuations in Covid-19 cases and its corresponding death cases, visual representation has been incorporated as bar diagram. Relevant images have been sourced from authentic sources and used in this study for satisfying the research objective. Finally the study has revealed that during the period of August 2020 to November 2020 Brazil is the most affected country and United States of America is the least affected country based on the mortality rate among the five countries taken as sample for this study
Comparing the Coronavirus pandemic in New Zealand and Iraq: A Preventive Medi...Vedica Sethi
The first cases of COVID-19 pandemic were identified in people with pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. It is first and foremost the most publicized pandemic, which has taken the lives of many people. It has thrown everyone into doubt and has created a collective moment of contemplation about the future. The clinical enlistment organization MedWorld of New Zealand offered for resigned and low maintenance specialists to help endeavors by the health care division and Government to battle the spread of COVID-19, in New Zealand. ( ) Starting in April, more than 20,000 tests have been done in Iraq in general (counting the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive. Of those tests, half of the,m were finished by the Kurdish Ministry of Health, which implies that the other tests were finished by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. ( ) While KRG populace has been tried, just 0.05% of the remainder of the nation has been tried, along these lines featuring the conceivable difference between absolute positive case numbers between locales. Iraq is considered "particularly powerless against the plague due to being desolated" – by war and United Nations sanctions, and by partisan clash in the course of recent decades.
This paper primarily focuses on analyzing the accessible information through research papers, peer- reviewed and non-peer reviewed to understand the pandemic affecting two different countries like New Zealand- a developed country and Iraq- a developing country.
COVID 19 is a contagious disease caused by a betacoronavirus, which began in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Until now, this new illness has affected more than 6 million people worldwide, and has claimed more than 300 000 human lives. Governments around the globe were faced with the coronavirus pandemic crisis and designed strategies to slow or halt viral transmission. Measures undertaken included enforcing countrywide lockdowns, banning mass gatherings, closing schools and businesses and halting international travel.
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China. It is rapidly spreading, resulting in an epidemic throughout china, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the WHO designated the disease COVID 19, which stands for corona viruses 2019. The virus that causes COVID 19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS COV 2 previously, it was referred to as 2019 nCoV. Anushka Bharti | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandul "COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46439.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/46439/covid19/anushka-bharti
This presentation showed the impact and the challenges of facing COVID-19 Pandemic and how the world becomes morbid, while the healthcare workforce tries to flatten the "curve".
Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruses. In late December 2019, Patients with pneumonia with unknown etiology was get admitted in health care facilities in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a pandemic disease which affected more than 200 countries and responsible for 182,989 deaths world wide. The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19, by WHO on February 11, 2020 . COVID 19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate estimated 2 -5 mortality rate. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID 19 although some trials are under investigation. Hence, appropriate use of PPE, regular hand hygiene, Respiratory and cough etiquettes, social distancing are some key elements to prevent the spread of disease. Ms. Pabalpreet Kaur | Ms. Eenu | Ms. Pooja Jaswal | Dr. (Mrs.) Jyoti Sarin "The Outbreak of COVID-19: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30859.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30859/the-outbreak-of-covid19-an-overview/ms-pabalpreet-kaur
A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease COVID 19ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 coronavirus, which has spread rapidly across the world. The World Health Organization WHO proclaimed the COVID 19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. The pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health systems, as well as economic and social development. The rate of transmission is relatively high.As a result, regardless of vaccine history or previous infection, the CDC recommends that anyone with any signs or symptoms of COVID 19 be checked. Everyday Preventive Actions, as well as having the Covid 19 Vaccine when it is safe, will protect you and your loved ones. Prof. Dr. Anup Kumar Das | Dr. Humani Sharma | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43677.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43677/a-perspective-approach-of-community-medicine-in-corona-virus-disease-covid-19/prof-dr-anup-kumar-das
Dermatological health in the COVID-19 erakomalicarol
COVID-19 and its impact on dermatological health was reviewed
from theoretical and statistical frameworks in the present study. A
cross-sectional and retrospective work was documented with a selection of sources indexed to Scopus, considering the period from
2019 to 2022, as well as the search by keywords. Approaches were
discussed in order to outline a comprehensive model that considered the differences between the parties involved, as well as their
relationships in a risk context. The proposal contributes to the state
of the question in terms of the prediction of contingencies derived
from the probability and affectation of dermatological health
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
More Related Content
Similar to Measures to Curb the Spread of Covid 19 in Cameroon
Here you will find: Fundamental information about Coronavirus or Covid-19. Facts and figures. Growth of the virus. Preventation from Corona Virus. Future protection against Covid-19.
COVID-19 is a virus caused by acute respiratory syndrome and also known as novel coronavirus or SARS, which was first discovered in late December 2019. It is an RNA virus that is related to influenza (H1N1) and can cause major respiratory issues in affected people. Diagnoses can vary depending on the type of infection and the severity of symptoms may be similar to other viral and bacterial infections.
Archisman Nandy
The objective of this study is to make a comparison between five (5) most affected countries (USA, Brazil, U.K., Italy and India) of the world by Covid-19. The study is based on the secondary data. For conducting this study published data in online portal www.worldometers.info has been used. 4 months i.e. August 2020 to November 2020 has been chosen to carry out this study. For data analysis and interpretation Microsoft excel software (version 2019) has been used. Basic arithmetic technique and ratio analysis has been used in this study for data interpretation purpose. For measuring cyclical fluctuations in Covid-19 cases and its corresponding death cases, visual representation has been incorporated as bar diagram. Relevant images have been sourced from authentic sources and used in this study for satisfying the research objective. Finally the study has revealed that during the period of August 2020 to November 2020 Brazil is the most affected country and United States of America is the least affected country based on the mortality rate among the five countries taken as sample for this study
Comparing the Coronavirus pandemic in New Zealand and Iraq: A Preventive Medi...Vedica Sethi
The first cases of COVID-19 pandemic were identified in people with pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. It is first and foremost the most publicized pandemic, which has taken the lives of many people. It has thrown everyone into doubt and has created a collective moment of contemplation about the future. The clinical enlistment organization MedWorld of New Zealand offered for resigned and low maintenance specialists to help endeavors by the health care division and Government to battle the spread of COVID-19, in New Zealand. ( ) Starting in April, more than 20,000 tests have been done in Iraq in general (counting the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive. Of those tests, half of the,m were finished by the Kurdish Ministry of Health, which implies that the other tests were finished by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. ( ) While KRG populace has been tried, just 0.05% of the remainder of the nation has been tried, along these lines featuring the conceivable difference between absolute positive case numbers between locales. Iraq is considered "particularly powerless against the plague due to being desolated" – by war and United Nations sanctions, and by partisan clash in the course of recent decades.
This paper primarily focuses on analyzing the accessible information through research papers, peer- reviewed and non-peer reviewed to understand the pandemic affecting two different countries like New Zealand- a developed country and Iraq- a developing country.
COVID 19 is a contagious disease caused by a betacoronavirus, which began in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Until now, this new illness has affected more than 6 million people worldwide, and has claimed more than 300 000 human lives. Governments around the globe were faced with the coronavirus pandemic crisis and designed strategies to slow or halt viral transmission. Measures undertaken included enforcing countrywide lockdowns, banning mass gatherings, closing schools and businesses and halting international travel.
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China. It is rapidly spreading, resulting in an epidemic throughout china, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the WHO designated the disease COVID 19, which stands for corona viruses 2019. The virus that causes COVID 19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS COV 2 previously, it was referred to as 2019 nCoV. Anushka Bharti | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandul "COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46439.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/46439/covid19/anushka-bharti
This presentation showed the impact and the challenges of facing COVID-19 Pandemic and how the world becomes morbid, while the healthcare workforce tries to flatten the "curve".
Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruses. In late December 2019, Patients with pneumonia with unknown etiology was get admitted in health care facilities in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a pandemic disease which affected more than 200 countries and responsible for 182,989 deaths world wide. The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19, by WHO on February 11, 2020 . COVID 19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate estimated 2 -5 mortality rate. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID 19 although some trials are under investigation. Hence, appropriate use of PPE, regular hand hygiene, Respiratory and cough etiquettes, social distancing are some key elements to prevent the spread of disease. Ms. Pabalpreet Kaur | Ms. Eenu | Ms. Pooja Jaswal | Dr. (Mrs.) Jyoti Sarin "The Outbreak of COVID-19: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30859.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30859/the-outbreak-of-covid19-an-overview/ms-pabalpreet-kaur
A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease COVID 19ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 coronavirus, which has spread rapidly across the world. The World Health Organization WHO proclaimed the COVID 19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. The pandemic has wreaked havoc on global health systems, as well as economic and social development. The rate of transmission is relatively high.As a result, regardless of vaccine history or previous infection, the CDC recommends that anyone with any signs or symptoms of COVID 19 be checked. Everyday Preventive Actions, as well as having the Covid 19 Vaccine when it is safe, will protect you and your loved ones. Prof. Dr. Anup Kumar Das | Dr. Humani Sharma | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "A Perspective Approach of Community Medicine in Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43677.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43677/a-perspective-approach-of-community-medicine-in-corona-virus-disease-covid-19/prof-dr-anup-kumar-das
Dermatological health in the COVID-19 erakomalicarol
COVID-19 and its impact on dermatological health was reviewed
from theoretical and statistical frameworks in the present study. A
cross-sectional and retrospective work was documented with a selection of sources indexed to Scopus, considering the period from
2019 to 2022, as well as the search by keywords. Approaches were
discussed in order to outline a comprehensive model that considered the differences between the parties involved, as well as their
relationships in a risk context. The proposal contributes to the state
of the question in terms of the prediction of contingencies derived
from the probability and affectation of dermatological health
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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enveloped positive strand RNA viruses with the
largest known RNA genomes 30–32kb with a 50-cap
structure and 30-poly-A tail. Starting from the viral
RNA, the synthesis of polyprotein 1a/1ab
(pp1a/pp1ab) in the host is realized
Corona Virus-19 is transmitted by aerosols of
respiratory secretions, by the fecal-oral route, and by
mechanical transmission. Growth of viruses mostly
occurs in epithelial cells. The liver, kidneys, heart, or
eyes are most likely to be infected, as well as other
cell types such as macrophages. In cold type
respiratory infections, growth appears to be localized
to the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, but
there is no adequate animal model for the human
respiratory coronaviruses. The incubation period is
about 2 - 4 days. Communicability: COVID-19 is
transmitted human-to-human possibly during the
presence of infectious droplets, which can cause
infection through inhalation, or through contaminated
surfaces. Humans are the reservoir of the virus with
no vector [4]. The most common symptoms of
COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Some
patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion,
runny nose, or sore throat. These symptoms are
usually mild and begin gradually [5]. COVID-19
associated symptoms are fever, cough, expectoration,
headache, and myalgia or fatigue [6]. The authors
however cautioned that individuals with
asymptomatic and atypical clinical manifestations
were also identified recently, further adding to the
complexityof disease transmission dynamics. Typical
clinical manifestation may only express symptoms
such as fatigue instead of the respiratory signs such as
fever, cough, and sputum before resolving that in
such cases, the clinician must be vigilant for the
possible occurrence of asymptomatic and atypical
clinical manifestations to avoid the possibility of
missed diagnosis [2]. According to WHO (2020) [7],
most people (about 80%) recover from the disease
without needing special treatment, and for the
majority especially for children and young adults’
illness due to COVID-19 is generally minor.
However, for some people it can cause serious illness.
Around 1 in every 5 people who are infected with
COVID-19 develops difficulty in breathing and
requires hospital care. People who are aged over 60
years and people who have underlying medical
conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory
disease or hypertension are among those who are at
greater risk of developing severe or critical illness if
infected with the virus. The virus was identified in
Wuhan, China, marking the beginning of its spread
across the globe. Coronaviruses (CoV), so named for
their “crown-like” appearance, are a large family of
RNA viruses that infect mammals (including humans)
and birds and include the viruses responsible for
diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) [8]. Although Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19 is postulated to be of a zoonotic origin
followed by human-to-human transmission, other
routes of possible transmission such as food-born
cannot be over emphasized. Regarding previously
known human CoVs diseases, COVID-19 seems to be
of less severe pathogenesis but greater transmission
capacity. When compared to other emerging viruses
such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, or
MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 seems to show relatively
low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility.
Study such as Codon usage suggests that this novel
virus may have been originated from an animal
source such as bats. Real-time PCR early diagnosis
and next-generation sequencing has made it easier to
identify the pathogen at its incubation periods. Since
there has been no confirmed antiviral therapy or
vaccine to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential
therapeutic strategies that are currently being
evaluated predominantly emanate from previous
experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV,
and other emerging viral diseases [1]. To prevent
infection and to slow transmission of COVID-19, the
following should be done: wash your hands regularly
with soap and water, or clean them with alcohol-
based hand rub, maintain at least 1 meter distance
between you and people coughing or sneezing, avoid
touching your face, cover your mouth and nose when
coughing or sneezing, stay home if you feel unwell,
refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken
the lungs and practice physical distancing by avoiding
unnecessary travel and staying away from large
groups of people [9]. The intensification of public
health interventions is necessary to flatten the
epidemic curve more [10]. The results of the SIR
modelling seemed to underline the value of
appropriate communication campaigns from the
government and the importance of the population’s
compliance with the public health measures
recommended limiting and stopping the spread of the
coronavirus disease According to WHO, (2020) there
is no specific treatment for disease caused by a novel
coronavirus. However, many of the symptoms could
be treated and therefore treatment is based on the
patient's clinical condition. Moreover, supportive care
for infected persons could be highly effective [7].
Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections
such as COVID-19. Researchers are testing a variety
of possible treatments. The FDA granted permission
for some medications approved for other diseases to
be used to treat severe COVID-19 when no other
options are available. Two malaria drugs;
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hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine and an antiviral
drug, remdesivir, had been approved for this use [11].
The first official case of COVID-19 in Cameroon was
on the 6th of March 2020. The number of cases has
been growing stiffly and the cumulative
epidemiological situation indicated 3285 confirmed
cases, 152 deaths and 1738 recovery following the
official report released on the 17 May 2020 by the
Ministry of public health [12]. The political and
economic capitals were the most affected. The same
report revealed that 171 health personnel had been
infected. As from the 8 June 2020, Cameroon was
officially counting 8312 confirmed cases, thus
indicating a stiff escalation in the spread of the
epidemic. A longitudinal study entitled ‘Simulating
the progression of the COVID-19 disease in
Cameroon using SIR models’ investigated the
evolution of COVID-19 in Cameroon over March 6 to
April 2020 [10]. The results suggested that over the
targeted period, the reproduction number of COVID-
19 in Cameroon was about 1.5, and the peak of the
infection was prospected to occur at the end of May
2020 with about 7.7% of the population infected. It
was recommended that the number of deaths
expressed as a percentage of the number of deaths on
day 25 afafter the first reported COVID-19-related
death allowed a direct comparison between countries,
as they argued that the numbers of cases or deaths per
100,000 inhabitants gave severely biased comparisons
between countries [13]. From their study, clear
differences were observed between countries,
associated with the timing of the implementation of
containment measures. It was depicted that in most
European countries, the early stages of the epidemic
seemed to have a temporal development very similar
to that in China. The curves flattened about 3 weeks
after the implementation of strict barrier strategies,
except for the Italian curve, which continued to
follow, and possibly even exceeded the Chinese one
before the situation was gradually gotten under
control. The authors argued that a possible
explanation could be that containment measures were
taken too late in Italy which though the first European
country to be affected, experienced a late awareness
of the potential severity of the pandemic. In South
Korea, the authors are of the opinion that early
containment measures prevented the initial
exponential development of the epidemic, which was
seen in China and all European countries, and even
USA. It was argued that for country level
comparisons to be useful, they must be done using
carefully controlled analysis considering confounders
like population density [14]. The authors found
following their retrospective longitudinal study that
the initial rate of spread of COVID-19 across Western
countries can be readily explained by their
population-weighted density, but this factor does not
appear to be as crucial for the spread of COVID-19 in
East Asia and across many other countries. The same
model trend, observed when controlling for country-
level responses using the Hofstede cross-cultural
measure of individualism, allowed a substantial
proportion of the variance in the size of current
COVID-19 epidemics across Western countries. The
effectiveness of the prevention measures of COVID-
19 still needs to be well established (total
confinement being the best option) reason being that
there is an increase in the number of cases regardless
of a high knowledge attitude and practice score
observed [15].
Theoretical background
It is important to prospect the possible relationship
between the theoretical constructs of the study, which
are the predictors and the outcome variables [18]. The
conceptual framework is based on the Health Belief
Model [6; 17] as presented on figure 1.
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Figure 1: Conceptual Model of the HBM.
Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used
models to understand health behaviours. In the
context of our study, we intent to study the factors
that determine knowledge, attitude and compliance to
COVID 19 control measures. Health Belief Model
(HBM) has been very useful in health promotion and
disease prevention programs [17]. HBM focuses on
individual beliefs and behaviours about a particular
health policy or action, or condition. According to
this model, 6 key constructs that determines an
individual’s health related behaviour are perceived
susceptibility (perceived threat to health condition),
perceived severity (belief of the consequence),
perceived benefits (foreseen positive benefits of an
action), perceived barriers to action, cues to action
(exposure to factors that prompt action) and self-
efficacy (ability to successfully carryout the action).
Methodology
Study design
The study employed a cross-sectional survey to
appraise people’s knowledge, attitude, and perception
toward COVID-19 just for specific time without any
follow up. An open-ended question was used in a
concurrent inductive mixed-method approach
whereby a positivism approach was employed using a
representative sample of the population [16]. The
study was guided by the HBM which has been very
useful in health promotion and disease prevention
programs [6; 17]. It is important to prospect the
possible relationship between the theoretical
constructs of the study, which are the predictors and
the outcome variables [18].
Study area, participants, sample, and sampling
technique
The study covered the national territory of Cameroon
and was community-based survey. There is a high
concentration of the population in the cities of Douala
and Yaoundé. The North and West plateau have high
population densities. With a life expectancy of 52
years, the population is composed of 43% young
people under 15, and only 3.5% of people over 65
years [19]. At the institutional level, the health system
is structured at three levels, namely: the central level,
the intermediate level, and the peripheral level. It also
has three sub-sectors: a public sub-sector, a private
sub-sector and a traditional sub-sector that are all
under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public
Health (MOH), in accordance with Decree No.
2013/093 of 3 April 2013 on the organization of this
institution. According to this document, the MOH is
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responsible for the development and implementation
of the Government’s public health policy [20]. All
valid people aged 16 and above who had been
residing on the national territory of Cameroon at least
4 months as from the date of data collection were
eligible. The probabilistically calculated sample size
was 1176 participants. But a total of 1125 people
were validated for the survey study following data
clean up and exploratory statistics, making a return
rate of 95.7%. Household participants were sampled
conveniently. This meant that any eligible person who
was willing to participate in the study was
interviewed.
Measurements
Data were gathered using an open-ended question to
explore people’s suggestions to improve on the fight
against COVID-19 disease in Cameroon.
Validity and Reliability of Instrument Construct
validity was check by ensuring that the terminology
used were appropriate and suited the study context.
To ensure content validity, the interview guide was
checked by three specialists in educational
psychology. Generally, above 0.75, CVI is
satisfactory [16] and in the context of this study, all
the three experts validated the final instrument
making a CVI of 1. During the Pilot study, the
questionnaire was trial-tested using 30 participants
from the North West region for the English version of
questionnaire and 30 from the West region for the
French version of the questionnaire. These two
regions were not part of the sample. The pilot study
equally helped to substantiate face validity.
Ethical consideration
Data were anonymous and participation was
voluntary. It was a face-to-face interview whereby the
interviewers agreed to be Corona negative, to not
have developed any of the officially recognized
prelude signs 14 days before, wore protective mask
homologated by the Government of Cameroon, had
their hand sanitizer, and kept social distance during
the interview. If new official control/barrier measures
arose, they were taken into consideration as data
collection was going on. This data collection
approach stemmed from the fact that the internet
penetration rate in Cameroon was estimated to just
23.2% and it was much lower in rural areas [21],
which made an online survey with a representative
sample considering characteristics of the population
difficult. The research protocol was validated by the
Texila American University and the home-based
supervisor attached to the School of Health Sciences
Yaoundé before the beginning of data collection. It
appeared that cumulatively 72.3% (814) of
participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the
respect of COVID-19 barrier measure by the data
collector, 16.8% (189) mildly satisfied while just
2.8% (32) were not satisfied at all and 4.0% (45) did
not make judgment. This trend indicated that barrier
measures were well respected during the
administration of the questionnaire and participants
were generally satisfied with it. The necessary
methodological technical requirements were abided to
as to capitalize external validity.
Data management and analysis
These qualitative data were analyzed following the
process of thematic analysis whereby ideas or
viewpoint were grouped under umbrella terms or key
concepts with the support of Atlas.Ti 5.2 software
(Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH,
Berlin, Germany). Precautions were taken to clearly
determine the meaning of themes or umbrella term
and what they stood for. In the context of this study,
to satisfy this requirement, findings were organized in
code-grounding-quotation tables whereby themes or
codes were clearly explained or described, followed
by their grounding or frequency of occurrence
following the positivism principle, and at the same
time backed by their related quotations. Though
having a qualitative background but involved
essentially an open-ended question and textual data,
the theoretical perspective was dominantly
quantitative in a concurrent-inductive theoretical
consideration given that a representative sample was
used, and the positivism principle applied. The code-
quotation table ensures the objectivity and reliability
of qualitative analysis in the sense that if
code/concepts/umbrella terms and their descriptions
can be subjective to relative error, the quotations are
grounded and real as they are reported verbatim,
expressing the original idea or viewpoint without any
distortion or manipulation, thus helping in
compensating for potential bias [16].
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Findings
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of participants
Setting ty pe Frequency Percent
Urban 668 59.4
Rural 457 40.6
Age Frequency Percent
16-24 441 39.2
25-54 500 44.4
55-64 124 11.0
65+ 60 5.3
Gender Frequency Percent
Male 568 50.5
Female 557 49.5
Religion Frequency Percent
Christian 825 73.3
Ancestority / African Traditional Religion (ATR)/ Kamitism Muslim 132 155 11.7 13.8
Others 13 1.2
Level of school attainment Frequency Percent
Never went to school 128 11.4
Primary 79 7.0
Secondary 457 40.6
Tertiary/University 461 41.0
Literacy Frequency Percent
Can read only or can read and write 976 86.8
Cannot read and cannot write 149 13.2
Marital status Frequency Percent
Married 346 30.8
Single 701 62.3
Divorced 16 1.4
Separated 20 1.8
Widowed 42 3.7
Principal occupation Frequency Percent
Farming 123 10.9
Hinting 6 .5
Craft work 14 1.2
Small trade 101 9.0
Business 60 5.3
Exploitation of natural resources (Artisanal Mining e.g., sand, stones; wood,
NTFPs— Non-Timber Forest Products) Skilled worker (Engineer, lawyer,
consultant, administrator, etc.) Semi/Unskilled Worker (technician,
hairdresser, tailor/seamstress, etc.) Housewife
10 146 110
83
.9 13.0
9.8 7.4
Unemployed 442 39.3
Retired 30 2.7
Category of work Frequency Percent
Paid government employee 71 6.3
Paid employee from private employer 72 6.4
Self-employed 427 38.0
Retired 30 2.7
Unemployed 442 39.3
Housewife 83 7.4
Is living alone Frequency Percent
Yes 306 27.2
No 819 72.8
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Have people under one's care Frequency Percent
Yes 637 56.6
No 488 43.4
Have a COVID-19 case in one's neighborhood Yes
Frequency
165
Percent
14.7
No 929 82.6
Don't know 31 2.8
Ability to finance health care for the family Not able at all & a bit able
Frequency
736
Percent
65.4
Fairly able 178 15.8
Able & very able 211 18.8
Ability to finance education for the family Not able at all & a bit able
Frequency
719
Percent
63.9
Fairly able 180 16.0
Able & very able 226 20.1
Ability to provide food for the family Frequency Percent
Not able at all & a bit able 644 57.2
Fairly able 209 18.6
Able & very able 272 24.2
Possession of assets Frequency Percent
Car 319 28.4
Motorcycle 326 29.0
Bike 216 19.2
TV 764 67.9
Land/Farm 714 63.5
Housing status Own house in which we live
Frequency
340
Percent
30.2
Rent 533 47.4
Help Own house somewhere else 183 69 16.3 6.1
Development Index / Livelihood status Below median (Low livelihood)
Median and above (High livelihood)
Frequency
480 645
Percent
42.7 57.3
Setting type
Participants from both setting types were well
represented with proportions of 59.4% (668) and
40.6% (457) for those from urban and rural area
respectively.
Age
The mode age was 25-54 years with proportion of
44.4% (500), followed by those aged 16-24 years,
39.2% (441), 55-64 years, 11.0% (124), while the
least represented were those aged 65 years and above
with proportion of 5.3% (60). Cumulatively, 83.6% of
participants were aged 54 years and below, thus
indicating a young population.
Gender
Male and female were well represented in the sample
whereby male were 50.5% (568) and female 49.5%
(557), not too far from the national distribution as
female are slightly more than male.
Religion
The mode was Christianity with proportion of 73.3%
(825), followed by Islam 13.8% (155), 11.7% (132)
practiced Ancestority / African Traditional Religion
(ATR)/Kamitism while 1.2% (13) practiced other
religious beliefs. All the main religions in Cameroon
were represented and this was good for the
representativeness of the sample.
Highest level of school attainment
The distribution was almost bimodal,
Tertiary/University 41.0% (461) and secondary
40.6% (457), followed by those that never went to
school 11.4% (128) while those that had attained
primary education were 7.0% (79). All the levels
were represented, and this was an asset for the
representativeness of the sample. The low
representation of those that have attained primary
education could be justified by the fact that the study
targeted those aged 16 years and above coupled with
a high literacy rate in Cameroon.
Literacy
Those that could read only or could read and write
were 86.8% (976) while those that could not read and
could not write was 13.2% (149).
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Marital status
The mode was the single with proportion of 62.3%
(701), followed by the married 30.8% (346), the
widowed 3.7% (42), the separated 1.8% (20) and the
divorced 1.4% (16).
Principal occupation
The Mode was made of the unemployed 39.3% (442),
followed by the skilled workers (Engineer, lawyer,
consultant, administrator, etc.), 13.0% (146), farmers,
10.9% (123), the
Semi/Unskilled workers (technician, hairdresser,
tailor/seamstress, etc.), 9.8% (110), small traders,
9.0% (101), housewife, 7.4% (83), business men and
women, 5.3% (60), the retired were 2.7% (30), those
involved in craft work 1.2% (14), while those doing
hunting were 0.5% (6).
Category of work
The unemployed were 39.3% (442), self-employed
38.0% (427), paid employee from private employer
6.4% (72), paid government employee 6.3% (71),
housewife 7.4% (83), then the retired 2.7% (30).
Is living alone
Those living alone were 27.2% (306) while those
living with someone were 72.8% (819). This status
was important to induce whether people were more
epidemiologically aware when living with someone.
Have people under one's care
Those having people under care were 56.6% (637)
and those that did not were 43.4% (488) This status
was important to induce whether family responsibility
could make people to be more careful with their life
or health care specifically.
Have a COVID-19 case in one's neighborhood
Those that said to have had a COVID-19 case in their
neighborhood were 14.7% (165). This indicator could
give us an idea of the geographical epidemiological
coverage of COVID-19 and induce how the
experience of COVID-19 cases in the neighborhood
could influence people’s attitude and practice.
Livelihood
Ability to finance health care for the family Most
participants were not able to finance health care
35.0% (394), 30.4% (342) were a bit able, 15.8%
(178) ‘fairly able’, 14.8% (166) able while only 4.0%
(45) said to be very able. Cumulatively, 65.4% (736)
were either not able at all or a bit able, 15.8% (178)
‘fairly able’ and 18.8% (211) able or very able.
Ability to finance education for the family
Most participants were not able to finance education
36.7% (413), 27.2% (306) were a bit able, 16.0%
(180) ‘fairly able’, 15.6% (175) able while only 4.5%
(51) said to be very able. Cumulatively, 63.9% (719)
were either not able at all or a bit able, 16.0% (180)
‘fairly able’ and 20.1% (226) able or very able.
Ability to provide food for the family
Most participants were not able to provide for food
28.6% (322), the same proportion 28.6% (322) were a
bit able, 18.6% (209) ‘fairly able’, 17.6% (198) able
while only 6.6% (74) said to be very able.
Cumulatively, 57.2% were either not able at all or a
bit able, 18.6% (209) ‘fairly able’ and 24.2% (272)
able or very able.
Housing status
Most participants were renting 47.4% (533), 30.2%
(340) owned the house in which they were living,
16.3% (183) were helped, while 6.1% (69) owned
house somewhere else.
Possession of assets
Those that possessed a car were 28.4% (319), 29.0%
(326) possessed a motorcycle, 19.2% (216) a bike,
67.9% (764) a TV (television) while 63.5% (714)
possessed a land/farm.
Development Index
Majority fell above the societal living standard. The
other good information from this distribution is that
this variable has a good internal variability with
enough cases in the two categories, thus making it
suitable for modeling. This indicator was good to
induced how living standard could influence
knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19.
With respect to the demographic characteristics of the
participants, it can be concluded that they were really
diversified, which is an added value to the
representativeness and validity of the data.
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Population’s suggestions to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Cameroon
Table 1: Thematic analysis depicting participants’ suggestion to the government of Cameroon with
respect to the fight against COVID-19
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Participants made number of suggestions to the
Government of Cameroon with respect to the fight
against COVID-19, ranging from: Improving the
livelihood of people by providing water, food, price
reduction for basic commodities, financial support,
etc.; provisions of materials such as face mask, soap,
hand gel, buckets, handkerchief; the government to
ensure the respect of control measures such as
wearing of face mask, social distance, hand
disinfection, avoiding crowding places, confinement,
restricting travelling and others; the government to
valorize African Traditional Medicine in the
treatment of COVID-19, subsidize it; making
treatment and test affordable to the population;
sensitizing the population on the diseases, control
measures and treatment so that they should be
conscientious about the disease; banning public
events like meetings, church, markets, drinking
parlors, etc.; providing adequately equipped treatment
centers; more COVID-19 test should be done;
providing financial support to the population;
avoiding migrants or those from foreign countries,
closing borders; adequate treatment of infected
persons, free and quick access to health care; proper
management of funds allocated for COVID-19,
proper follow up and audit; sensitizing on
environmental hygiene and sanitation; providing
treatment for free to the population; the Government
should provide reliable and updated statistics; paying
attention to remote areas such as rural setting and
enclave localities; training of health personnel,
community workers, and other actors; helping the
vulnerable people, that is the poor, old, the handicaps,
pregnant women and the sick; provision of water for
public consumption; sustaining efforts for the fight
against COVID-19; providing adequate or more
precise information on COVID-19; adequate funding
for the fight against COVID-19; finding a definite
solution or cure against COVID-19; motivating health
personnel and all those involved in the fight against
COVID-19; compulsory test for citizens; more
research to handle the pandemic; the quarantine of
infected people, the provision of adequate quarantine
centers; the Government to track and undertake
repressive measures against defaulters, those that do
not respect official control measures; reassuring
people and reducing fear as to make them more
confident; avoiding fund raising dishonesty, not
taking advantage of the pandemic to extort money
from people and stakeholders; local massive
productions of mask, hand sanitizers, chloroquine;
providing thermo flash to all health facilities and
public places; the whole health policy for the
management of COVID-19 has to be revisited;
financing research on COVID-19; authentication of
tests to be sure that they are accurate and fair;
organizing and empowering traditional practitioners;
preventing fake news, the perception that the disease
does not exist; research for a vaccine for COVID-19;
subsidies or financial assistance to home industries;
being closer to the people, showing concern for their
welfare; making provision for the treatment of
COVID-19 in all health centers; stop favoring some
people during health care; population survey to
identify the vulnerable groups and those more
affected by confinement; providing more oxygen
supply equipment; building more classrooms to
adhere to social distance; Killing all those infected by
COVID-19; prayers to God or supreme beings, and
financial support to African Traditional Medicine. It
clearly appeared that participants laid emphasizes on
the intensification of public health intervention, thus
supporting the other scholars who at the onset of the
pandemic stressed the importance of the population’s
compliance with the public health measures
recommended to limit and stop the spread of the
coronavirus disease at least, while waiting for
possible preventive and/or curative treatments to be
found [10]. These authors equally placed special
attention on the intensification of public health
14. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51920 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 1061
intervention. In the same vein, in the Uganda context
found that there was a lack of knowledge, attitudes,
and practice among a certain group of population
(driver and security agents) and urged for special
attention to be paid to this group of people
These authors equally emphasized on mobilization
and sensitization using among others health
personnel, media, and community workers, thus
supporting the findings of this study. The problematic
of communication was also highlighted by other
researchers [23] who in the context of Saudi Arabia
urged for increased access to internet and social
media as well as television but in the context of this
study, internet was less emphasized. The need for
finding an effective vaccine and the best practice for
the management and treatment of symptomatic cases
was earlier highlighted [24]. Though the need for
vaccine was suggested in this study, it was among the
least emphasized recommendations from the
participants.
General conclusion
To consolidate the drop in the number of cases of
COVID-19, there is need for more public health
intervention, notably sensitization on the respect of
barrier measures, making treatment more affordable
and economic incentives. Some local traditional
medicines were reported to be efficient in the
treatment of COVID-19 and this could have prompted
the participants to urge the government to support this
branch of medicine. The need for a vaccine was
among the least emphasized suggestions on the part
of the participants who instead weighed more for
education and sensitization on the respect of control
measures, provision of materials, economic incentive
and making available an efficient cure at affordable
cost without neglecting the potential of local
traditional medicine. Based on the findings, the
following recommendations were made: (i)
Sustaining education and sensitization on the respect
of control measures using mainly television, radio,
and health personnel; (ii) Making available treatment
and test at affordable cost; (iii) enhancing the
potential of traditional medicine to fight against
COVID-19. Limitation to this study could be
explained by the fact that it was a cross-sectional
study in a context were COVID-19 pandemic
continued to be a major public health concerned, and
population attitude and response measures keep
changing.
Contribution to Knowledge
Concurrent inductive mixed-method approach was
employed with a positivism approach using a
representative sample of the population to explore
qualitative textual data. This approach helps in
capturing a representative perception of the
population on a given issue using unstructured
questions, thus contrasting with the general usage of
nominal samples for qualitative studies. In this
context, it inferred not inducing in a qualitative
background study or theoretical perspective [16].
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to all the teaching and administrative
staff of Texila American University for their
contribution towards the realization of this work and
for giving me the opportunity to do this Ph.D. I am
exceedingly indebted to my supervisor Dr Grace
Tadzong-Awasum, to my Statistician, Nana C. (Prof.)
of FASTDAM, to the population of Cameroon and all
those who helped in collecting data for making data
used in this study available. I am indebted to authors
of books and articles that have helped in
substantiating this study.
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest. This work has no prior
financial engagement warranting a conflict of interest.
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