This study analyzed 261 asymptomatic patients who were screened for COVID-19 via PCR testing prior to planned procedures or surgeries in July 2020. The screening found that 6 patients (2.29%) tested positive for COVID-19 and had to delay or cancel their procedures. Screening asymptomatic patients is important to prevent potential spread of the virus to healthcare workers and other patients. While PCR testing has limitations, it remains the best method for diagnosing COVID-19 infection. Screening all patients prior to elective medical care is recommended to protect patient and provider safety during the ongoing pandemic.
Asymptomatic Trasmission, the Achilles'Heel of Current Strategies to Control ...Valentina Corona
The editorial discusses an outbreak of COVID-19 at a skilled nursing facility in Washington where asymptomatic transmission played a major role in spreading the virus. Over half of the residents who tested positive were asymptomatic at the time of testing, and live virus was detected in samples from presymptomatic residents days before they developed symptoms. Current strategies relying on symptom screening alone are inadequate for controlling transmission. The authors argue for expanded testing of asymptomatic individuals in high-risk settings like nursing homes to allow for proper isolation and prevent further outbreaks.
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help
clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale
for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
The document provides recommendations from the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly (SOPA) on managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses 8 recommendations, including delaying adjuvant chemotherapy within recommended timeframes, using extended dosing schedules for certain therapies, and switching intravenous chemotherapy to oral or subcutaneous routes when possible. The recommendations aim to reduce cancer patients' exposure to COVID-19 while continuing essential cancer treatment.
The document discusses the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) that has become a worldwide threat. It provides an overview of the virus for emergency clinicians, including its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Key points are that the case fatality rate is approximately 4% but sampling error may be large, 29% of confirmed cases in China are healthcare workers suggesting alarming nosocomial spread, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are common and associated with worse outcomes. Lessons can be learned from early outbreak centers in preparing local healthcare systems for high patient volumes requiring respiratory support.
This document provides a comprehensive review of potential COVID-19 therapeutics and the possibility of repurposing drugs that were candidates for treating SARS-CoV-1. It summarizes the current management strategies for COVID-19 and discusses the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. The review evaluates similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to identify drug candidates from SARS-CoV-1 that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. It aims to provide insight for developing safe and effective drugs to treat COVID-19.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease, which has already caused
thousands of causalities and infected several millions of people worldwide. Any technological tool
enabling rapid screening of the COVID-19 infection with high accuracy can be crucially helpful to the
healthcare professionals. The main clinical tool currently in use for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is expensive, less-sensitive and requires
specialized medical personnel. X-ray imaging is an easily accessible tool that can be an excellent alternative
in the COVID-19 diagnosis. This research was taken to investigate the utility of artificial intelligence (AI)
in the rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 from chest X-ray images
The document provides guidelines for COVID-19 surveillance and response in Punjab, Pakistan. It outlines case definitions, epidemiology of COVID-19, alert thresholds, and surveillance protocols. It describes laboratory diagnosis, contact tracing, and the roles and responsibilities of the Provincial Disease Surveillance and Response Unit. Guidelines are provided for clinical management, laboratory sample collection and transport, and infection prevention and control.
Asymptomatic Trasmission, the Achilles'Heel of Current Strategies to Control ...Valentina Corona
The editorial discusses an outbreak of COVID-19 at a skilled nursing facility in Washington where asymptomatic transmission played a major role in spreading the virus. Over half of the residents who tested positive were asymptomatic at the time of testing, and live virus was detected in samples from presymptomatic residents days before they developed symptoms. Current strategies relying on symptom screening alone are inadequate for controlling transmission. The authors argue for expanded testing of asymptomatic individuals in high-risk settings like nursing homes to allow for proper isolation and prevent further outbreaks.
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help
clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale
for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
The document provides recommendations from the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly (SOPA) on managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses 8 recommendations, including delaying adjuvant chemotherapy within recommended timeframes, using extended dosing schedules for certain therapies, and switching intravenous chemotherapy to oral or subcutaneous routes when possible. The recommendations aim to reduce cancer patients' exposure to COVID-19 while continuing essential cancer treatment.
The document discusses the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) that has become a worldwide threat. It provides an overview of the virus for emergency clinicians, including its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Key points are that the case fatality rate is approximately 4% but sampling error may be large, 29% of confirmed cases in China are healthcare workers suggesting alarming nosocomial spread, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are common and associated with worse outcomes. Lessons can be learned from early outbreak centers in preparing local healthcare systems for high patient volumes requiring respiratory support.
This document provides a comprehensive review of potential COVID-19 therapeutics and the possibility of repurposing drugs that were candidates for treating SARS-CoV-1. It summarizes the current management strategies for COVID-19 and discusses the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. The review evaluates similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to identify drug candidates from SARS-CoV-1 that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. It aims to provide insight for developing safe and effective drugs to treat COVID-19.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease, which has already caused
thousands of causalities and infected several millions of people worldwide. Any technological tool
enabling rapid screening of the COVID-19 infection with high accuracy can be crucially helpful to the
healthcare professionals. The main clinical tool currently in use for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is expensive, less-sensitive and requires
specialized medical personnel. X-ray imaging is an easily accessible tool that can be an excellent alternative
in the COVID-19 diagnosis. This research was taken to investigate the utility of artificial intelligence (AI)
in the rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 from chest X-ray images
The document provides guidelines for COVID-19 surveillance and response in Punjab, Pakistan. It outlines case definitions, epidemiology of COVID-19, alert thresholds, and surveillance protocols. It describes laboratory diagnosis, contact tracing, and the roles and responsibilities of the Provincial Disease Surveillance and Response Unit. Guidelines are provided for clinical management, laboratory sample collection and transport, and infection prevention and control.
BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post covid-19Ahmad Ozair
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.
This document discusses the importance of defining the epidemiology of COVID-19 through various studies and surveillance methods. It outlines key questions about the virus that need answers, such as its full disease severity spectrum, transmissibility, most infectious individuals, and risk factors for severe illness. It recommends approaches like syndromic surveillance, household studies, and community studies. Conducting these simultaneously can help characterize the trajectory and severity of the epidemic to inform response efforts. Early investment in such studies will improve understanding and control of the outbreak.
1) The study assessed predictors of death in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to a care center in Ethiopia by comparing characteristics of patients who died (cases) to those discharged alive (controls).
2) Significant predictors of death were found to be having diabetes, fever at admission, and shortness of breath, while having a fever was associated with being discharged alive.
3) Patients who were older (≥70 years), had pre-existing comorbidities, diabetes, or hypertension were more likely to die from severe COVID-19.
The editorial discusses the Covid-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. It summarizes a study describing the first 425 cases in Wuhan, China, noting the median age was 59 and higher mortality in the elderly and those with preexisting conditions. While the current fatality rate is around 2%, it may ultimately be closer to seasonal flu if asymptomatic cases are accounted for. The virus has an estimated reproduction number of 2.2, indicating rapid spread. Countries have implemented travel restrictions and should prepare for broader community spread, potentially using social distancing and isolation measures. Research efforts are underway to develop treatments and a vaccine.
This document summarizes a review article on using deep learning techniques to detect and diagnose COVID-19 using radiology images. The review analyzed 37 studies published between November 2019 and July 2020. The studies used deep learning models on CT scans and X-rays to improve the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to traditional methods. Deep learning was shown to increase sensitivity and specificity by extracting hidden features from radiology images. The models helped address limitations of current diagnostic methods by providing fast, low-cost analysis of images to help identify COVID-19 cases.
This document discusses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for dental practice and infection control. It provides an overview of COVID-19, including its viral etiology, epidemiological characteristics like modes of transmission and incubation period, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. It notes the risk of cross-infection in dental settings and the need for strict infection control protocols.
Guidance isth _management_of_coagulopathy_in_covid-19 Dr. Freddy Flores Malpa...Freddy Flores Malpartida
1) This document provides interim guidance from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) on recognizing and managing coagulopathy in COVID-19.
2) It recommends measuring D-dimers, prothrombin time, and platelet count in all COVID-19 patients to help stratify risk, with increased D-dimers indicating a higher risk of severe illness.
3) For hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the guidance suggests regular monitoring of D-dimers, prothrombin time, platelet count, and fibrinogen to identify worsening coagulopathy, which correlates with poorer outcomes. More aggressive care may be warranted for patients with worsening markers.
This document provides an overview of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes the clinical presentation and management of 2019-nCoV, compares it to other coronaviruses like SARS and MERS, and outlines current WHO guidance on case definitions, investigations and infection control.
This document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic and potential treatments for the disease. It notes that COVID-19 has led to a national emergency in the US with significant health and economic impacts. Currently, there is no cure for COVID-19 and the disease spectrum varies from asymptomatic to severe cases requiring ICU care. The document explores the pathogenesis of the virus and notes that a "cytokine storm" may be a key driver of organ damage. It reviews several potential treatments under investigation including vaccines, antiviral medications, and stem cell therapies. It highlights reports from China and Italy using expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) to treat COVID-19 and argues they may be considered for compassionate
This document discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and management based on data from Asia and Europe. Key points include:
1) Cancer care has been modified to protect patients and health care workers from COVID-19, while attempting to maintain cancer diagnosis, therapy, and research.
2) Diagnosing COVID-19 in cancer patients is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, and PCR testing and chest CT are recommended.
3) Early data from China found cancer patients with COVID-19 had worse outcomes, especially those receiving recent anticancer treatments or with lung abnormalities on CT scans.
4) Both the direct effects of COVID-19 infection and indirect impacts of health system breakdown on cancer care
Knowledge and Attitude of Prosthodontic Post Graduates on COVID 19: A Qualita...DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a study that surveyed 60 prosthodontic post-graduate students regarding their knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19. The results found that 80% felt they received adequate training on COVID-19 prevention and control, while over 60% were confident in managing patients with required precautions. However, only around 63% knew who to contact if they encountered a suspected COVID-19 patient. Nearly all (96.6%) agreed that the pandemic has affected their academic activities. The study concludes that understanding aerosol transmission in dentistry can help identify risks and improve practices to prevent disease spread.
The value of real-world evidence for clinicians and clinical researchers in t...Arete-Zoe, LLC
In the midst of a rapidly spreading global pandemic, real-world evidence can offer invaluable insight into the most promising treatments, risk factors, and not only predict but suggest how to improve outcomes. Despite overwhelming news coverage, significant knowledge gaps regarding COVID-19 persist. The current uncertainties regarding incidence and the case fatality rate can only be addressed by widespread testing. But the paucity of testing, and diversity of approaches implemented in different countries, particularly among the general asymptomatic public, perpetuates a lack of understanding about spread and infectivity. The essential indicators that would describe the pandemic more accurately can be obtained using real-world data (RWD). To that purpose, we designed a data collection tool to collect data from hospitals that treat COVID-19 patients. The captured data will enhance our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic, identify risk factors relevant for triage, relate to other similar seasonal infections and gain insight into the safety and efficacy of experimental and off-label therapies. Knowledge derived from a focused data collection effort will enable clinicians to adjust rapidly clinical protocols and discontinue interventions that turn out to be ineffective or harmful. By deploying our elegantly designed survey to capture routine clinical indicators, we avoid placing an additional burden on practitioners. Systematically generating real-world evidence can decrease the time to insight compared to randomized clinical trials, improving the odds for patients in rapidly changing conditions.
Slide deck cancer care during covid 19 pandemicmadurai
This document provides guidance for cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic from several medical organizations. It discusses that cancer patients may be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have poorer outcomes. It recommends postponing non-urgent visits and elective surgeries, continuing critical cancer treatments when possible, and increasing telehealth to reduce infections. Safety measures like PPE and social distancing are crucial to protect staff and patients. Treatment should be individualized based on risk factors.
The Efficacy and Safety of Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-...semualkaira
Convalescent plasma (CP) was demonstrated
promising benefit for clinical practice involved in efficacy and
safety in previous coronavirus pandemics, however, the efficacy of
CP from COVID-19 sufferers are still controversial and unascertainable based on current randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The
urgent needs for affirmative replies on the efficacy and safety of
CP for COVID-19 patients must be developed as soon as possible.
Review of advisories and contingency plan for covid 19 pandemic in radiothera...Anil Gupta
The document reviews advisories and contingency plans for radiotherapy facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It summarizes guidelines from various radiation oncology societies on risk stratification of cancer patients, prioritization of treatments, and treatment modifications. It also discusses specific recommendations for tumor sites like head and neck, breast, and gynecological cancers. Screening of patients and staff, treatment scheduling and coordination between departments is emphasized. Treatment principles of remote, avoid, defer, and shorten treatments are recommended to balance cancer and COVID-19 risks.
Application of ordinal logistic=China.pdfHenokBuno
This study aimed to identify determinants of illness severity for COVID-19 patients in China. Medical records from 598 COVID-19 patients admitted to four hospitals in China between January and March 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into moderate (n=400), severe (n=85), and critical (n=113) illness groups based on their condition. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of more severe illness. The analysis found that older age, hypertension, abnormal liver enzymes and cardiac markers, longer time from illness onset to diagnosis and admission were associated with increased risk of more severe illness.
Factores de riesgo para reingreso temprano despues de hospitalizacion por cov...MelendiNavarro
The study assessed the incidence and risk factors for early readmission (within 60 days) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Of the 629 patients followed, 34 (5.4%) were readmitted, with a median time to readmission of 12 days. Main reasons for readmission were respiratory worsening (38.2%), decompensation of a previous disease (35.3%), or infectious complications (17.6%). Prior diagnosis of heart failure, length of stay over 13 days, treatment with corticosteroids, and developing pulmonary thromboembolism were identified as risk factors statistically associated with early readmission.
• Much is still unknown regarding the markers of disease and recovery process for SARS-CoV-2, including if and what immunity arises and which tests or markers can be useful in assessing immunity status
• A multi-phased plan is required to reopen the economy post-COVID-19, with significantly daily testing capacity (millions) required at all stages
o Challenges with scientific validation, regulatory, manufacturing, and ongoing logistics must be overcome to successfully ramp up testing capacities in the US
o Hundreds of molecular and serology tests are now available, but many have limited accuracy (high false positive/negative rates) due to the rapid development and lack of validation of these tests
• In this edition of Demystifying COVID-19 Testing, we highlight what is required now and in the future to move to a “new normal” and why it is challenging to get this testing up and running at volumes needed in the US
The document discusses the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women based on a study of nine cases in China. It finds that the clinical characteristics and outcomes for pregnant women with COVID-19 were less severe than those seen in pregnant women with SARS. However, more research is still needed given the small number of cases. It recommends pregnant women and newborns be considered at-risk populations and that prevention and management strategies be strengthened.
Anemia is a common condition of cancer patients. This is because cancers cause inflammation that decrease red blood cell production. In addition, many chemotherapies are myelosuppressive, meaning they slow down the production of new blood cells by the bone marrow.
Drug Repurposing: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Therapeutics fo...JohnJulie1
Cancer is a prime public health burden that accounts for approximately 9.9 million deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment regimen and huge capital investment in the pharmaceutical sector, there has been little success in improving the chances of survival of cancer patients.
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BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post covid-19Ahmad Ozair
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.
This document discusses the importance of defining the epidemiology of COVID-19 through various studies and surveillance methods. It outlines key questions about the virus that need answers, such as its full disease severity spectrum, transmissibility, most infectious individuals, and risk factors for severe illness. It recommends approaches like syndromic surveillance, household studies, and community studies. Conducting these simultaneously can help characterize the trajectory and severity of the epidemic to inform response efforts. Early investment in such studies will improve understanding and control of the outbreak.
1) The study assessed predictors of death in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to a care center in Ethiopia by comparing characteristics of patients who died (cases) to those discharged alive (controls).
2) Significant predictors of death were found to be having diabetes, fever at admission, and shortness of breath, while having a fever was associated with being discharged alive.
3) Patients who were older (≥70 years), had pre-existing comorbidities, diabetes, or hypertension were more likely to die from severe COVID-19.
The editorial discusses the Covid-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. It summarizes a study describing the first 425 cases in Wuhan, China, noting the median age was 59 and higher mortality in the elderly and those with preexisting conditions. While the current fatality rate is around 2%, it may ultimately be closer to seasonal flu if asymptomatic cases are accounted for. The virus has an estimated reproduction number of 2.2, indicating rapid spread. Countries have implemented travel restrictions and should prepare for broader community spread, potentially using social distancing and isolation measures. Research efforts are underway to develop treatments and a vaccine.
This document summarizes a review article on using deep learning techniques to detect and diagnose COVID-19 using radiology images. The review analyzed 37 studies published between November 2019 and July 2020. The studies used deep learning models on CT scans and X-rays to improve the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to traditional methods. Deep learning was shown to increase sensitivity and specificity by extracting hidden features from radiology images. The models helped address limitations of current diagnostic methods by providing fast, low-cost analysis of images to help identify COVID-19 cases.
This document discusses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for dental practice and infection control. It provides an overview of COVID-19, including its viral etiology, epidemiological characteristics like modes of transmission and incubation period, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. It notes the risk of cross-infection in dental settings and the need for strict infection control protocols.
Guidance isth _management_of_coagulopathy_in_covid-19 Dr. Freddy Flores Malpa...Freddy Flores Malpartida
1) This document provides interim guidance from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) on recognizing and managing coagulopathy in COVID-19.
2) It recommends measuring D-dimers, prothrombin time, and platelet count in all COVID-19 patients to help stratify risk, with increased D-dimers indicating a higher risk of severe illness.
3) For hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the guidance suggests regular monitoring of D-dimers, prothrombin time, platelet count, and fibrinogen to identify worsening coagulopathy, which correlates with poorer outcomes. More aggressive care may be warranted for patients with worsening markers.
This document provides an overview of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes the clinical presentation and management of 2019-nCoV, compares it to other coronaviruses like SARS and MERS, and outlines current WHO guidance on case definitions, investigations and infection control.
This document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic and potential treatments for the disease. It notes that COVID-19 has led to a national emergency in the US with significant health and economic impacts. Currently, there is no cure for COVID-19 and the disease spectrum varies from asymptomatic to severe cases requiring ICU care. The document explores the pathogenesis of the virus and notes that a "cytokine storm" may be a key driver of organ damage. It reviews several potential treatments under investigation including vaccines, antiviral medications, and stem cell therapies. It highlights reports from China and Italy using expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) to treat COVID-19 and argues they may be considered for compassionate
This document discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and management based on data from Asia and Europe. Key points include:
1) Cancer care has been modified to protect patients and health care workers from COVID-19, while attempting to maintain cancer diagnosis, therapy, and research.
2) Diagnosing COVID-19 in cancer patients is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, and PCR testing and chest CT are recommended.
3) Early data from China found cancer patients with COVID-19 had worse outcomes, especially those receiving recent anticancer treatments or with lung abnormalities on CT scans.
4) Both the direct effects of COVID-19 infection and indirect impacts of health system breakdown on cancer care
Knowledge and Attitude of Prosthodontic Post Graduates on COVID 19: A Qualita...DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a study that surveyed 60 prosthodontic post-graduate students regarding their knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19. The results found that 80% felt they received adequate training on COVID-19 prevention and control, while over 60% were confident in managing patients with required precautions. However, only around 63% knew who to contact if they encountered a suspected COVID-19 patient. Nearly all (96.6%) agreed that the pandemic has affected their academic activities. The study concludes that understanding aerosol transmission in dentistry can help identify risks and improve practices to prevent disease spread.
The value of real-world evidence for clinicians and clinical researchers in t...Arete-Zoe, LLC
In the midst of a rapidly spreading global pandemic, real-world evidence can offer invaluable insight into the most promising treatments, risk factors, and not only predict but suggest how to improve outcomes. Despite overwhelming news coverage, significant knowledge gaps regarding COVID-19 persist. The current uncertainties regarding incidence and the case fatality rate can only be addressed by widespread testing. But the paucity of testing, and diversity of approaches implemented in different countries, particularly among the general asymptomatic public, perpetuates a lack of understanding about spread and infectivity. The essential indicators that would describe the pandemic more accurately can be obtained using real-world data (RWD). To that purpose, we designed a data collection tool to collect data from hospitals that treat COVID-19 patients. The captured data will enhance our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic, identify risk factors relevant for triage, relate to other similar seasonal infections and gain insight into the safety and efficacy of experimental and off-label therapies. Knowledge derived from a focused data collection effort will enable clinicians to adjust rapidly clinical protocols and discontinue interventions that turn out to be ineffective or harmful. By deploying our elegantly designed survey to capture routine clinical indicators, we avoid placing an additional burden on practitioners. Systematically generating real-world evidence can decrease the time to insight compared to randomized clinical trials, improving the odds for patients in rapidly changing conditions.
Slide deck cancer care during covid 19 pandemicmadurai
This document provides guidance for cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic from several medical organizations. It discusses that cancer patients may be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have poorer outcomes. It recommends postponing non-urgent visits and elective surgeries, continuing critical cancer treatments when possible, and increasing telehealth to reduce infections. Safety measures like PPE and social distancing are crucial to protect staff and patients. Treatment should be individualized based on risk factors.
The Efficacy and Safety of Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-...semualkaira
Convalescent plasma (CP) was demonstrated
promising benefit for clinical practice involved in efficacy and
safety in previous coronavirus pandemics, however, the efficacy of
CP from COVID-19 sufferers are still controversial and unascertainable based on current randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The
urgent needs for affirmative replies on the efficacy and safety of
CP for COVID-19 patients must be developed as soon as possible.
Review of advisories and contingency plan for covid 19 pandemic in radiothera...Anil Gupta
The document reviews advisories and contingency plans for radiotherapy facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It summarizes guidelines from various radiation oncology societies on risk stratification of cancer patients, prioritization of treatments, and treatment modifications. It also discusses specific recommendations for tumor sites like head and neck, breast, and gynecological cancers. Screening of patients and staff, treatment scheduling and coordination between departments is emphasized. Treatment principles of remote, avoid, defer, and shorten treatments are recommended to balance cancer and COVID-19 risks.
Application of ordinal logistic=China.pdfHenokBuno
This study aimed to identify determinants of illness severity for COVID-19 patients in China. Medical records from 598 COVID-19 patients admitted to four hospitals in China between January and March 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into moderate (n=400), severe (n=85), and critical (n=113) illness groups based on their condition. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of more severe illness. The analysis found that older age, hypertension, abnormal liver enzymes and cardiac markers, longer time from illness onset to diagnosis and admission were associated with increased risk of more severe illness.
Factores de riesgo para reingreso temprano despues de hospitalizacion por cov...MelendiNavarro
The study assessed the incidence and risk factors for early readmission (within 60 days) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Of the 629 patients followed, 34 (5.4%) were readmitted, with a median time to readmission of 12 days. Main reasons for readmission were respiratory worsening (38.2%), decompensation of a previous disease (35.3%), or infectious complications (17.6%). Prior diagnosis of heart failure, length of stay over 13 days, treatment with corticosteroids, and developing pulmonary thromboembolism were identified as risk factors statistically associated with early readmission.
• Much is still unknown regarding the markers of disease and recovery process for SARS-CoV-2, including if and what immunity arises and which tests or markers can be useful in assessing immunity status
• A multi-phased plan is required to reopen the economy post-COVID-19, with significantly daily testing capacity (millions) required at all stages
o Challenges with scientific validation, regulatory, manufacturing, and ongoing logistics must be overcome to successfully ramp up testing capacities in the US
o Hundreds of molecular and serology tests are now available, but many have limited accuracy (high false positive/negative rates) due to the rapid development and lack of validation of these tests
• In this edition of Demystifying COVID-19 Testing, we highlight what is required now and in the future to move to a “new normal” and why it is challenging to get this testing up and running at volumes needed in the US
The document discusses the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women based on a study of nine cases in China. It finds that the clinical characteristics and outcomes for pregnant women with COVID-19 were less severe than those seen in pregnant women with SARS. However, more research is still needed given the small number of cases. It recommends pregnant women and newborns be considered at-risk populations and that prevention and management strategies be strengthened.
Similar to Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVID-19? (20)
Anemia is a common condition of cancer patients. This is because cancers cause inflammation that decrease red blood cell production. In addition, many chemotherapies are myelosuppressive, meaning they slow down the production of new blood cells by the bone marrow.
Drug Repurposing: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Therapeutics fo...JohnJulie1
Cancer is a prime public health burden that accounts for approximately 9.9 million deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment regimen and huge capital investment in the pharmaceutical sector, there has been little success in improving the chances of survival of cancer patients.
Abnormal Sodium and Chlorine Level Is Associated With Prognosis of Lung Cance...JohnJulie1
The imbalance of sodium and chloride ions occurs frequently in patients with lung cancer. However, the correlation between ion concentration change and patients prognosis have not been studied thoroughly. Our research will fill the gap, especially for high ion concentration.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Raised Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Heli...JohnJulie1
Helicobacter Pylori (HP) infection is prevalent among patients with dyspepsia in developing countries with low socioeconomic status. The gold standard investigation is invasive method gastric biopsy through upper GI endoscopy, however non-invasive methods (stool for HP antigen) are not reliable up to the mark also need to wait for two weeks without symptomatic treatment. It is important to have a reliable, cost effective and easily accessible non-invasive marker to diagnose patients with H. pylori infection. Several non-invasive laboratory have been predicted in having the role in diagnosis of H.pylori infection. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in predicting H.Pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...JohnJulie1
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells.
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Fibrous
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Fibro glandular
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Adipose (Fatty)
What is Tomosynthesis?
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Is a 3 dimensional projection
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Reduces overlapping tissue seen with 2D only
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15 projections are taken with each combo exposure (7.5) (-7.5)
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With an average breast (18*24) 3D dose is 1.34, combo is 2.56 Milligrey. (3 Milligrey FDA) (2D is 1.2
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to CarcinomaJohnJulie1
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, few basic research has revealed the association between gut microbiota and the development of CRA and CRC. We aim to compare the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in CRA and CRC patients, to reveal the changes of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis, and to explore potential biomarkers.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...JohnJulie1
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...JohnJulie1
To report the lessons we have learned in the management of uretero-enteric anastomosis stricture (UEAS) in a tertiary urology center over a decade of experience.
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...JohnJulie1
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) and Glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) represent for poor prognosis of various cancers, while rare research investigate correlation of them. This study aimed to explore correlation and prognostic value of them in gastric cancer (GC).
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...JohnJulie1
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
The Liquid Mass System(LMS) includes an Easy nLC1000 (Thermo Fisher) coupled ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher) with a Thermo Fisher electrospray source. Each injection is sent to a preset column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 100 μm x 2 cm, Thermo Scientific) for adsorption at a flow rate of 3 L/min. The sample is then sent to the analyzer column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 75 μm x 15 cm, Thermo Scientific) for separation.
Skeletal muscle channelopathy are rare heterogeneous episodic disorders with marked genotypic and phenotypic variability resulting in periodic paralysis, and falls in young people which often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to its rarity, often the symptoms are miscommunicated to the treating phycision due to its episodic nature and not uncommonly physical examination by the time patient attend the clinic or hospital will be unremarkable apart from periodic muscle paralysis where patient will presented to ED with flaccid weakness,
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...JohnJulie1
The document summarizes experimental and clinical research on using infrared laser therapy between 890-910 nm to treat breast cancer. Experimental studies showed that lower doses of laser therapy (0.46 J/cm2) inhibited tumor growth more than higher doses. Laser therapy combined with chemotherapy was also effective, particularly with vincristin. Clinical studies on 136 breast cancer patients found that laser therapy before or after surgery, or alone, reduced complications, improved immune function and quality of life, and increased survival time. Histological analysis found over 50% tumor tissue disappeared after effective laser treatment.
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Data concerning the utility of biomarkers for accurate early HCC detection in cirrhotic patients are lacking. 1.2. Methods: We evaluated 112 consecutive Caucasian cirrhotic patients with (n=28) or without (n=84) concomitant HCC at baseline for serum AFP and plasma fibrinogen like protein-2 (FGL-2) levels. Patients without confirmed HCC at baseline were further followed up every six months with ultrasound and serum AFP levels, according to HCC surveillance program. Imaging as well as histological confirmation of HCC was established in patients with new lesions.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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2. After a formal approval by the institutional review board at
Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC - Ref No. PHCC/
DCR/2020/08/091), a retrospective observational data study was
conducted at Rawdat-Al-Khail Health Centre (RAK-HC), which
is a government designated COVID centre in Qatar, for the month
of July 2020. We analyzed the medical e-records of a cohort of
asymptomatic people who had a screening Reverse-Transcrip-
tion-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 as
a mandatory requirement prior to any planned procedures, sur-
gery or scheduled hospital admissions. Demographic and clinical
data were obtained from the medical e-records of this cohort of
people after all identifiable variables were removed as per the re-
search-study requirements.
Patients were instructed by hospitals to get a COVID-19 RT-PCR
Negative Report, 72 hours prior to the procedure or planned sur-
gery. During this one-month period, 261 asymptomatic people
were screened for COVID-19 by RT-PCR testing of samples ob-
tained from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs by trained
medical staff as per international standards of testing. The sam-
ples were processed at the testing laboratory in Hamad Hospital in
Doha, Qatar, which is a tertiary level hospital.
4. Results
Amongst the tested population, 103 patients (39.47%) were males
and 158 patients (60.53%) were females. The results showed that
6 patients (2.29 %) were found to be Covid positive, and hence
had to cancel their planned procedure or elective surgery. Of the
6 positive patients, the distribution of positive patients was equal
amongst males and females- 50% each of males and females (Fig-
ure1). 245 people were fortunately Covid negative and went ahead
as planned for their procedure or elective surgery (Table1). 10 pa-
tients (3.83%) had inconclusive results and were instructed to re-
peat the test as per protocol. These patients could be potentially
positive which could then probably increase the number of positive
patients to 16 (6.13%).
Table 1: Gender based analysis of results of asymptomatic people prior to
elective procedure or surgery
Gender
Total
Male Female
Positive
Actual number of patients 3 3 6
% within Diagnostic 50% 50% 100.00%
% within Gender 3.03% 2.05% 2.29%
% of Total 1.14% 1.14% 2.29%
Negative
Actual number of patients 99 146 245
% within Diagnostic 40.41% 59.59% 100.00%
% within Gender 96.11% 92.40% 93.86%
% of Total 37.93% 55.93% 93.86%
Inconclusive
Actual number of patients 4 6 10
% within Diagnostic 40% 60% 100.00%
% within Gender 3.88% 3.79% 3.83%
% of Total 1.53% 2.29% 3.83%
Figure1: Graph showing male and female distribution of patients
5. Discussion
COVID-19 is a global pandemic which can result in severe infec-
tion leading to respiratory failure and is associated with significant
morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 has features of rapid trans-
mission, high infectivity, insidious onset and prolonged incubation
period of up to 14 days on average. Therefore, timely diagnosis of
this potentially life-threatening condition is crucial. RT-PCR test-
ing is considered as the “gold standard” for clinical diagnosis of
COVID-19 [2]. The case fatality rate for COVID-19 tends to be
much higher than the typical influenza seasonal viral illness, and
disproportionately affects the elderly population and patients with
major cardiac or pulmonary co-morbidities [3].
During initial days of COVID-19 pandemic, screening patients
prior to surgery or procedures was done by contact history and
symptom-based screening questionnaires. However, as communi-
ty spread of this virus is well recognized and established, relying
purely on contact history and symptoms to screen asymptomatic
pre-procedural and surgical patients is no longer adequate and is
in fact unsafe too.
The R0
value represents the average number of people infected by
one infectious individual and shows how quickly the virus can
spread. The R0
value of COVID-19 is between 2-3 which is very
high and therefore it is vital to mitigate further spread of this virus
and reduce case fatality rate [4]. If the number of COVID-19 posi-
tive patients picked up in this cohort were extrapolated taking into
consideration the R0
value, one positive patient could have possi-
bly infected 406 people in a month’s duration which would have
equated to 2436 positive cases from the 6 cases who were initial-
COVID-19 confirmed patients in this cohort [5], and regrettably
the majority of them could potentially have been health care pro-
fessionals treating those COVID positive patients.
Our goal as clinicians is to not only help control the pandemic
in the general population but also to prevent infection amongst
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ajsccr.org 2
3. healthcare professionals who provide essential services to patients.
The testing of patients for SARS-CoV-2 has been proposed as a
mechanism for protecting patients and healthcare workers during
the current COVID-19 pandemic [6]. Performing surgery or any
other procedure without excluding COVID-19 increases the risk
of COVID-19 contamination in the hospital exposing patients and
healthcare staff and putting them at high risk of contracting the
virus [6].
A recent publication from the international Covid Surg Collab-
orative found that surgical patients already infected with SARS-
CoV-2 infection had a postoperative pulmonary complication rate
of 51.2%, which was further associated with a much higher mor-
tality [7]. Isolation is almost impossible to practice in the operating
room because an anesthetist has to stand very close to the patient
during intubation procedure, which can exponentially increase the
risk of exposure to aerosols containing COVID-19. The virus can
also spread through biological fluids which can compromise the
safety of all the healthcare professionals in the surgical environ-
ment [8].
During this COVID-19 pandemic, it is advisable to postpone
non-urgent procedures and promote non-operative treatments in
order to delay or avoid the need for surgery although this might
not always be possible [9]. Confirmed and suspected patients of
COVID-19 carry a higher risk of severe events needing admission
to the critical care unit, mechanical ventilation support and even
death [10].
6. Limitations
A systematic review of 39 studies has revealed that 29 of those have
suggested screening for all surgical patients prior to surgery to rule
out COVID-19 [11]. However, it is important to remember that
there is the possibility of false negative results with RT-PCR tests
[12]. In addition, the test detects presence of virus at a single point
in time, and if a patient is still in the early phase of incubation, the
virus may not be detected. Both of these factors may falsely reas-
sure healthcare workers by a negative RT-PCR test result. Despite
this, it is now mandatory in most places to screen patients prior to
any procedure, surgery or elective hospital admission. Several In-
ternational reputed healthcare organizations including the Amer-
ican College of Surgeons have recommended screening patients
before surgery [13].
7. Conclusion
Though there are several reports which claim efficacy of different
drugs and vaccines against COVID-19, none are effective and com-
pletely safe yet, to receive approval by regulatory authorities [14].
With rising number of COVID-19 cases all over the world, this
is a desperate time for infection prevention and control, both for
the safety of patients and healthcare professionals alike. Hence we
propose that the identification of infected individuals is extremely
important to prevent the spread of this virus not only to protect
healthcare professionals and other people but also to identify those
who are likely to be at risk from disease-associated complications.
References:
1. Chau NVV, Lam VT, Dung NT, Yen LM, Minh NNQ, Ngoc NM, et
al. The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv. 2020; ciaa711.
2. Esbin MN, Whitney ON, Chong S, Maurer A, Darzacq X, Tjian R.
2020. Overcoming the bottleneck to widespread testing: A rapid
review of nucleic acid testing approaches for COVID-19 detection.
RNA. 2020; 26: 771-83.
3. Kharasch ED, Jiang Y. Novel coronavirus 2019 and anesthesiology.
Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesi-
ologists. 2020; 132: pp.1289-91.
4. Viceconte, G. and Petrosillo, N. COVID-19 R0: Magic number or
conundrum?. Infectious disease reports. 2020; 12: 8516.
5. Abbasi K. The scandals of covid-19. 2020.
6. Schlosser M, Signorelli H, Gregg W, Korwek K, Sands K. COVID-19
testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective
surgery. The American Journal of Surgery. 2020; S0002-9610: 30438-
4.
7. Nepogodiev D, Glasbey JC, Li E, Omar OM, Simoes JF, Abbott TE,
et al. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing
surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international
cohort study. The Lancet. 2020; 396: 27-38.
8. Xu K, Lai XQ, Liu Z. Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coro-
navirus infection in otolaryngology head and neck surgery medical
staff. Zhonghua er bi yan houtoujingwaike za zhi= Chinese journal
of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. 2020; 55: E001.
9. Jean WC, Ironside NT, Sack KD, Felbaum DR, Syed HR. The im-
pact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging
non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study. Acta neuro-
chirurgica. 2020; 162: 1229-40.
10. Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, Wang W, Li J, Xu K, et al. Cancer patients
in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. The Lan-
cet Oncology. 2020; 21: 335-7.
11. Hojaij FC, Chinelatto LA, Boog GHP, Kasmirski JA, Lopes JVZ, Sac-
ramento FM. Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic:
A Rapid Systematic Review. Clinics. 2020; 75: e1923.
12. Woloshin S, Patel N, Kesselheim AS. False Negative Tests for SARS-
CoV-2 Infection—Challenges and Implications. New England Jour-
nal of Medicine. 2020; 383: e38.
13. American College of Surgeons. Local Resumption of Elective Sur-
gery Guidance. Available. (accessed April 17, 2020).
14. Shanmugam C, Mohammed AR, Ravuri S, Luthra V, Rajagopal N,
Karre S. COVID-2019–A comprehensive pathology insight. Pathol-
ogy-Research and Practice. 2020; 216: 153222.
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