The document summarizes the Congress of Vienna and the post-Napoleonic order established under Austrian Chancellor Metternich. It discusses the goals of limiting French power, restoring legitimacy to pre-Napoleonic monarchies, and maintaining a balance of power. It also describes the various conferences and agreements that upheld Metternich's vision, including the Holy Alliance, Congress System, and protocols to crush revolutionary movements. Metternich's dominance guided these efforts to stabilize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
Queen Anne reigned from 1702 to 1714 and was the last monarch of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, as under her rule the two kingdoms united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. She oversaw the weakening of the monarch's role and rise of government ministers like the Duke of Marlborough, as well as the final steps to unite England and Scotland as a single nation.
The Concert of Europe and the Conservative Political Orderwilliam_via
The document discusses the Concert of Europe and the conservative order established after the Napoleonic Wars. Key figures like Metternich, the Austrian foreign minister, sought to maintain peace and suppress revolutionary ideas emerging in Germany and elsewhere. The Great Powers issued declarations supporting conservative principles and repression of dissent. Throughout the 1810s and 1820s, various decrees and laws cracked down on radicals and imposed censorship. The goal was to prevent the spread of revolutionary philosophies and protect the existing political order in Europe.
The Wars of Religion in France from 1560-1648 and the Thirty Years War from 1618-1648 were both devastating religious conflicts that weakened the power of royal authority in Europe and left the continent divided. The Wars of Religion in France established the Bourbon dynasty and granted Huguenots limited religious rights through the Edict of Nantes. The Thirty Years War ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which established principles of state sovereignty and religious tolerance while curtailing Habsburg power in the Holy Roman Empire. Both conflicts caused widespread death, economic ruin, and political fragmentation across Europe.
Metternich's downfall was caused by three key events: 1) The Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) awakened pro-freedom sentiments in Europe and weakened Metternich's stance against supporting the Greek rebels; 2) The Revolutions of 1830 spread from France to other countries and led to constitutional changes curbing absolute rulers; 3) The Revolutions of 1848 erupted across Europe as democratic and nationalist ideas overthrew existing regimes, culminating in Metternich's resignation in the face of rebellion in Austria and the end of his era of conservatism.
French revolution by AUSAF iqbal class IX-BYousuf Ansari
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy, establishing a republic. It experienced periods of political turmoil and violence, culminating in the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre and the Jacobins from 1793-1794. The Revolution had a major impact both in France and across Europe, spreading revolutionary ideals while also provoking foreign powers to go to war against France. It established France as a major military power under Napoleon, though the monarchy was eventually restored after his defeat in 1815.
6. Absolutism, Power, And More ConflictJessica Clark
The document discusses the causes and events of the French Revolution. It began with widespread discontent among the lower classes due to high bread prices and poverty while the king lived extravagantly. Enlightenment ideas of equality and representative government also grew increasingly influential. When the Estates-General met in 1789 to address the country's debt crisis, the Third Estate demanded equal representation which led to the formation of the National Assembly and the abolition of feudalism. The storming of the Bastille and fear among peasants further radicalized the Revolution.
The Congress of Vienna met in 1814-1815 to redraw the map of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. It was attended by representatives of the main European powers of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and France. The Congress was largely dominated by the Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, who believed in restoring the old monarchical order and resisting revolutionary forces. The goals of the Congress were to maintain the balance of power in Europe, contain French power, and legitimize existing governments. It established a system through which the major powers could collectively intervene to suppress future revolutionary movements, helping maintain peace in Europe for decades. However, it also represented a deliberate step back from the democratic and liberal
The document summarizes the Congress of Vienna and the post-Napoleonic order established under Austrian Chancellor Metternich. It discusses the goals of limiting French power, restoring legitimacy to pre-Napoleonic monarchies, and maintaining a balance of power. It also describes the various conferences and agreements that upheld Metternich's vision, including the Holy Alliance, Congress System, and protocols to crush revolutionary movements. Metternich's dominance guided these efforts to stabilize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
Queen Anne reigned from 1702 to 1714 and was the last monarch of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, as under her rule the two kingdoms united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. She oversaw the weakening of the monarch's role and rise of government ministers like the Duke of Marlborough, as well as the final steps to unite England and Scotland as a single nation.
The Concert of Europe and the Conservative Political Orderwilliam_via
The document discusses the Concert of Europe and the conservative order established after the Napoleonic Wars. Key figures like Metternich, the Austrian foreign minister, sought to maintain peace and suppress revolutionary ideas emerging in Germany and elsewhere. The Great Powers issued declarations supporting conservative principles and repression of dissent. Throughout the 1810s and 1820s, various decrees and laws cracked down on radicals and imposed censorship. The goal was to prevent the spread of revolutionary philosophies and protect the existing political order in Europe.
The Wars of Religion in France from 1560-1648 and the Thirty Years War from 1618-1648 were both devastating religious conflicts that weakened the power of royal authority in Europe and left the continent divided. The Wars of Religion in France established the Bourbon dynasty and granted Huguenots limited religious rights through the Edict of Nantes. The Thirty Years War ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which established principles of state sovereignty and religious tolerance while curtailing Habsburg power in the Holy Roman Empire. Both conflicts caused widespread death, economic ruin, and political fragmentation across Europe.
Metternich's downfall was caused by three key events: 1) The Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) awakened pro-freedom sentiments in Europe and weakened Metternich's stance against supporting the Greek rebels; 2) The Revolutions of 1830 spread from France to other countries and led to constitutional changes curbing absolute rulers; 3) The Revolutions of 1848 erupted across Europe as democratic and nationalist ideas overthrew existing regimes, culminating in Metternich's resignation in the face of rebellion in Austria and the end of his era of conservatism.
French revolution by AUSAF iqbal class IX-BYousuf Ansari
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy, establishing a republic. It experienced periods of political turmoil and violence, culminating in the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre and the Jacobins from 1793-1794. The Revolution had a major impact both in France and across Europe, spreading revolutionary ideals while also provoking foreign powers to go to war against France. It established France as a major military power under Napoleon, though the monarchy was eventually restored after his defeat in 1815.
6. Absolutism, Power, And More ConflictJessica Clark
The document discusses the causes and events of the French Revolution. It began with widespread discontent among the lower classes due to high bread prices and poverty while the king lived extravagantly. Enlightenment ideas of equality and representative government also grew increasingly influential. When the Estates-General met in 1789 to address the country's debt crisis, the Third Estate demanded equal representation which led to the formation of the National Assembly and the abolition of feudalism. The storming of the Bastille and fear among peasants further radicalized the Revolution.
The Congress of Vienna met in 1814-1815 to redraw the map of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. It was attended by representatives of the main European powers of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and France. The Congress was largely dominated by the Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, who believed in restoring the old monarchical order and resisting revolutionary forces. The goals of the Congress were to maintain the balance of power in Europe, contain French power, and legitimize existing governments. It established a system through which the major powers could collectively intervene to suppress future revolutionary movements, helping maintain peace in Europe for decades. However, it also represented a deliberate step back from the democratic and liberal
The Congress of Vienna from 1814 to 1815 aimed to redraw the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Key goals included reducing France's power by returning its borders to 1792 lines, restoring monarchies that Napoleon had replaced, and establishing a new balance of power through territorial concessions that strengthened Austria, Prussia, Russia and other states. The Congress made numerous decisions that reshaped borders and transferred lands, seeking to prevent future conflicts through this reorganization of Europe.
http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to accompany an introductory lecture on Louis XIV for Western Civilization, World History, and AP European History students.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, centralizing power around himself. He weakened the nobility by ending their tax collection privileges and appointing commoners to government roles. Louis built the magnificent Versailles Palace to centralize the nobility around himself through an elaborate daily routine, keeping them dependent on his wealth and generosity. However, his costly wars and persecution of Huguenots drained France's resources and led to near bankruptcy by his death.
There were several major revolts against Philip II's rule in Spain and Italy in the late 16th century. These included the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 over heresy laws and noble rights, the Morisco Revolt in Granada from 1568-1570 over religious freedom and taxes, and a revolt in Naples in 1585 in response to economic pressures. Philip II's increasingly oppressive treatment of the Morisco population, such as banning their language and customs, confiscating land, and higher taxes, led to the major Morisco Revolt in Granada. After suppressing the revolt, Philip deported over 80,000 Moriscos from Granada and dispersed them across Castile.
The document discusses the causes of the Dutch revolt against Philip II of Spain's rule between 1566-1609. It analyzes several long-term and short-term factors, including Philip II's centralization of power, the growth of Calvinism, the repressive policies of the Duke of Alva, and the economic tensions that emerged. While Philip II deserves some blame for instigating tensions through his absolutist rule, the revolt was also a result of the interplay between these political, religious, and economic issues over decades.
The document summarizes the political situation in the Balkans region from 1870-1914. It describes how the Ottoman Empire's control over the Balkans weakened over this period as Christian states like Greece gained independence. This led to tensions between the great powers of Europe over the region and its strategic importance. Crises erupted in 1875-1877 and 1908 over atrocities against Christians and Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia respectively, heightening tensions between Austria-Hungary, Russia, and their allies going into World War 1.
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutismpimentd
Louis XIV is the quintessential absolute monarch. The presentation provides students with an example of how to write a proper 5 paragraph essay, complete with a thesis statement, topic sentences, and strong supporting evidence.
(16.4) absolutism rise of austria and prussiaMrAguiar
After the devastating Thirty Years' War, Austria and Prussia emerged as powerful empires under strong absolute monarchs. Austria unified lands held by the Hapsburgs, though never fully centralized authority. Prussia strengthened under Frederick William I who gained nobles' loyalty, and Frederick II seized Silesia from Austria starting the War of Austrian Succession, establishing Prussia as a great power. These two rivals came to dominate 18th century European politics and warfare.
The Congress of Vienna met in 1814-1815 to restore stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The five great powers of Europe - Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain and France - sought to contain French power, establish a balance of power, and restore legitimacy to deposed monarchies. The Congress established a system of alliances and suppression of revolutionary ideologies like liberalism and nationalism to maintain conservative control over populations and prevent future revolutionary movements. As a result, traditional monarchs were restored to power across Europe and the Concert of Europe was formed to preserve this post-war settlement.
Philip II of Spain fanatically sought to re-impose Catholicism throughout Europe like his father Charles V had. He built the Escorial palace to symbolize his power and commitment to the Catholic crusade. While Spain defeated the Turkish navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, preserving Catholic control of the Mediterranean, the Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 established the Protestant Dutch Republic and marked a major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining a wholly Catholic empire. Spain's failed invasion of England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 ended its naval power and marked the rise of England as a world power, though Spain remained powerful on land until the mid-17th century.
King John's refusal to accept the papal appointment of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury led to conflict with the Pope and English barons. In 1215, rebel barons forced John to agree to the Magna Carta, establishing limitations on royal power and protections for baronial rights and the freedom of the church. Though John later withdrew his consent, the Magna Carta became the foundation of England's constitutional monarchy and influenced protections in other countries like the United States' Bill of Rights.
http://www.tomrichey.net
The French Wars of Religion were a series of armed conflicts between French Catholics and Huguenots (Calvinists) in the sixteenth century. The Catholic faction was led by Catherine de Medici and the Huguenots were led by Henry of Navarre, who would later become Henry IV of France. Upon becoming king, Henry converted to Catholicism ("Paris is worth a Mass.") and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots limited toleration and rights to practice their religion openly in certain cities.
(16.3) absolutism parliament triumphs in englandMrAguiar
The British Parliament asserted its rights against royal claims of absolute power in the 1600s in three key ways: (1) by attempting to share power with monarchs under Elizabeth I and challenging kings like James I and Charles I; (2) by waging the English Civil War and establishing the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership; and (3) by instituting the English Bill of Rights after the Glorious Revolution, which created a constitutional limited monarchy.
Philip III's pacifist policies led to peace treaties, but the Twelve Years Truce with the Netherlands was very expensive. He expelled the Moriscos in 1609, deporting 275,000 people and ruining many regions. Philip IV left government responsibilities to the Count-Duke of Olivares, whose foreign and domestic policies were unpopular and led to revolts in Catalonia and Portugal declaring independence. The Thirty Years War ended Spanish supremacy in Europe with the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia. Charles II was ill and unable to rule effectively, starting a civil war over succession without an heir.
The War of Spanish Succession was fought from 1702-1713 over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the mentally ill and inbred King Charles II of Spain. Louis XIV of France wanted the throne to go to his grandson, while other European powers supported the Habsburg claim. This caused an alliance led by England, Austria and the Netherlands to form against France and Spain. Major battles included the English victory at Blenheim in 1704 which weakened France. The war ended in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht, dividing Spanish territories between Austria and France.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He consolidated power and reformed France's government and taxation system during his early reign. Louis engaged in numerous wars throughout Europe to expand French territory, though this eventually led to hostility from other nations. By the 1680s, Louis faced open opposition both for his aggressive foreign policy and revocation of rights for French Protestants. His costly wars left France financially devastated by the time of his death.
The Congress of Vienna was an international conference called after Napoleon's defeat to restore the pre-revolutionary monarchies, redraw the map of Europe, and establish a system of alliances to maintain the balance of power. Key outcomes included reinstating absolute monarchy and the divine right of kings; creating buffer states around France; compensating Austria, Prussia, Russia, and other allied nations with new territories; and initially suppressing nationalist and liberal movements. However, the Congress ultimately failed to entirely roll back revolutionary ideals as democratic revolts continued across Europe in the following decades.
1) After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore peace and stability in Europe.
2) The Congress was dominated by conservatives like the Austrian minister Metternich, who wanted to restore the pre-Napoleonic monarchies and prevent future revolutions.
3) Through decisions that redrew national borders and formed new alliances, the Congress maintained a balance of power for almost 40 years but ultimately failed to satisfy liberals and radicals pushing for democracy.
(1) Louis XIV became an absolute monarch of France and strengthened the central government and royal control over the nobility, clergy, and commoners. (2) He built the grand palace of Versailles as a symbol of his wealth and power and required nobles to live there. (3) Under Louis XIV's rule, France had a strong economy through mercantilist policies, a large army, and flourishing arts, making it the most powerful state in Europe.
This document outlines a tour through the Langhe and Roero regions of Italy focusing on wine, history, art, and gastronomy. The itinerary includes visits to various castles and estates showcasing the wine and food of the Piedmont region. Participants will learn about the local wines through tastings, take cooking classes, and dine at Michelin-starred restaurants and farms. The tour provides an in-depth cultural experience of the Langhe and Roero through their wine, art, history and cuisine.
This presentation is done by Vanessa Gem Cordova as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 11 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
The Congress of Vienna from 1814 to 1815 aimed to redraw the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Key goals included reducing France's power by returning its borders to 1792 lines, restoring monarchies that Napoleon had replaced, and establishing a new balance of power through territorial concessions that strengthened Austria, Prussia, Russia and other states. The Congress made numerous decisions that reshaped borders and transferred lands, seeking to prevent future conflicts through this reorganization of Europe.
http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to accompany an introductory lecture on Louis XIV for Western Civilization, World History, and AP European History students.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, centralizing power around himself. He weakened the nobility by ending their tax collection privileges and appointing commoners to government roles. Louis built the magnificent Versailles Palace to centralize the nobility around himself through an elaborate daily routine, keeping them dependent on his wealth and generosity. However, his costly wars and persecution of Huguenots drained France's resources and led to near bankruptcy by his death.
There were several major revolts against Philip II's rule in Spain and Italy in the late 16th century. These included the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 over heresy laws and noble rights, the Morisco Revolt in Granada from 1568-1570 over religious freedom and taxes, and a revolt in Naples in 1585 in response to economic pressures. Philip II's increasingly oppressive treatment of the Morisco population, such as banning their language and customs, confiscating land, and higher taxes, led to the major Morisco Revolt in Granada. After suppressing the revolt, Philip deported over 80,000 Moriscos from Granada and dispersed them across Castile.
The document discusses the causes of the Dutch revolt against Philip II of Spain's rule between 1566-1609. It analyzes several long-term and short-term factors, including Philip II's centralization of power, the growth of Calvinism, the repressive policies of the Duke of Alva, and the economic tensions that emerged. While Philip II deserves some blame for instigating tensions through his absolutist rule, the revolt was also a result of the interplay between these political, religious, and economic issues over decades.
The document summarizes the political situation in the Balkans region from 1870-1914. It describes how the Ottoman Empire's control over the Balkans weakened over this period as Christian states like Greece gained independence. This led to tensions between the great powers of Europe over the region and its strategic importance. Crises erupted in 1875-1877 and 1908 over atrocities against Christians and Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia respectively, heightening tensions between Austria-Hungary, Russia, and their allies going into World War 1.
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutismpimentd
Louis XIV is the quintessential absolute monarch. The presentation provides students with an example of how to write a proper 5 paragraph essay, complete with a thesis statement, topic sentences, and strong supporting evidence.
(16.4) absolutism rise of austria and prussiaMrAguiar
After the devastating Thirty Years' War, Austria and Prussia emerged as powerful empires under strong absolute monarchs. Austria unified lands held by the Hapsburgs, though never fully centralized authority. Prussia strengthened under Frederick William I who gained nobles' loyalty, and Frederick II seized Silesia from Austria starting the War of Austrian Succession, establishing Prussia as a great power. These two rivals came to dominate 18th century European politics and warfare.
The Congress of Vienna met in 1814-1815 to restore stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The five great powers of Europe - Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain and France - sought to contain French power, establish a balance of power, and restore legitimacy to deposed monarchies. The Congress established a system of alliances and suppression of revolutionary ideologies like liberalism and nationalism to maintain conservative control over populations and prevent future revolutionary movements. As a result, traditional monarchs were restored to power across Europe and the Concert of Europe was formed to preserve this post-war settlement.
Philip II of Spain fanatically sought to re-impose Catholicism throughout Europe like his father Charles V had. He built the Escorial palace to symbolize his power and commitment to the Catholic crusade. While Spain defeated the Turkish navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, preserving Catholic control of the Mediterranean, the Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 established the Protestant Dutch Republic and marked a major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining a wholly Catholic empire. Spain's failed invasion of England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 ended its naval power and marked the rise of England as a world power, though Spain remained powerful on land until the mid-17th century.
King John's refusal to accept the papal appointment of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury led to conflict with the Pope and English barons. In 1215, rebel barons forced John to agree to the Magna Carta, establishing limitations on royal power and protections for baronial rights and the freedom of the church. Though John later withdrew his consent, the Magna Carta became the foundation of England's constitutional monarchy and influenced protections in other countries like the United States' Bill of Rights.
http://www.tomrichey.net
The French Wars of Religion were a series of armed conflicts between French Catholics and Huguenots (Calvinists) in the sixteenth century. The Catholic faction was led by Catherine de Medici and the Huguenots were led by Henry of Navarre, who would later become Henry IV of France. Upon becoming king, Henry converted to Catholicism ("Paris is worth a Mass.") and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots limited toleration and rights to practice their religion openly in certain cities.
(16.3) absolutism parliament triumphs in englandMrAguiar
The British Parliament asserted its rights against royal claims of absolute power in the 1600s in three key ways: (1) by attempting to share power with monarchs under Elizabeth I and challenging kings like James I and Charles I; (2) by waging the English Civil War and establishing the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership; and (3) by instituting the English Bill of Rights after the Glorious Revolution, which created a constitutional limited monarchy.
Philip III's pacifist policies led to peace treaties, but the Twelve Years Truce with the Netherlands was very expensive. He expelled the Moriscos in 1609, deporting 275,000 people and ruining many regions. Philip IV left government responsibilities to the Count-Duke of Olivares, whose foreign and domestic policies were unpopular and led to revolts in Catalonia and Portugal declaring independence. The Thirty Years War ended Spanish supremacy in Europe with the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia. Charles II was ill and unable to rule effectively, starting a civil war over succession without an heir.
The War of Spanish Succession was fought from 1702-1713 over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the mentally ill and inbred King Charles II of Spain. Louis XIV of France wanted the throne to go to his grandson, while other European powers supported the Habsburg claim. This caused an alliance led by England, Austria and the Netherlands to form against France and Spain. Major battles included the English victory at Blenheim in 1704 which weakened France. The war ended in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht, dividing Spanish territories between Austria and France.
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He consolidated power and reformed France's government and taxation system during his early reign. Louis engaged in numerous wars throughout Europe to expand French territory, though this eventually led to hostility from other nations. By the 1680s, Louis faced open opposition both for his aggressive foreign policy and revocation of rights for French Protestants. His costly wars left France financially devastated by the time of his death.
The Congress of Vienna was an international conference called after Napoleon's defeat to restore the pre-revolutionary monarchies, redraw the map of Europe, and establish a system of alliances to maintain the balance of power. Key outcomes included reinstating absolute monarchy and the divine right of kings; creating buffer states around France; compensating Austria, Prussia, Russia, and other allied nations with new territories; and initially suppressing nationalist and liberal movements. However, the Congress ultimately failed to entirely roll back revolutionary ideals as democratic revolts continued across Europe in the following decades.
1) After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore peace and stability in Europe.
2) The Congress was dominated by conservatives like the Austrian minister Metternich, who wanted to restore the pre-Napoleonic monarchies and prevent future revolutions.
3) Through decisions that redrew national borders and formed new alliances, the Congress maintained a balance of power for almost 40 years but ultimately failed to satisfy liberals and radicals pushing for democracy.
(1) Louis XIV became an absolute monarch of France and strengthened the central government and royal control over the nobility, clergy, and commoners. (2) He built the grand palace of Versailles as a symbol of his wealth and power and required nobles to live there. (3) Under Louis XIV's rule, France had a strong economy through mercantilist policies, a large army, and flourishing arts, making it the most powerful state in Europe.
This document outlines a tour through the Langhe and Roero regions of Italy focusing on wine, history, art, and gastronomy. The itinerary includes visits to various castles and estates showcasing the wine and food of the Piedmont region. Participants will learn about the local wines through tastings, take cooking classes, and dine at Michelin-starred restaurants and farms. The tour provides an in-depth cultural experience of the Langhe and Roero through their wine, art, history and cuisine.
This presentation is done by Vanessa Gem Cordova as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 11 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
Social media is increasingly being used to promote wine. Vinitaly International's managing director Stevie Kim discussed how social media can be leveraged by the wine industry at an event called "Social Media Week." The event focused on how wine producers and sellers can utilize platforms like Twitter to their advantage by engaging customers and building their brands online.
Giovani produttori piemontesi a confronto su mercati e consumatori del futuro...Vinitaly International
Giovani produttori piemontesi a confronto su mercati e consumatori del futuro
Torino, 22 marzo 2016
Stevie Kim | Managing Director, Vinitaly International
@steviekim222, kim@veronafiere.it @VinitalyTour, media@vinitalytour.com
This document summarizes gender, religion, caste, and politics in India. It discusses various disadvantages faced by women in India related to literacy rates, education, jobs, and violence. It also discusses solutions proposed like reservation of seats for women in local bodies. The document examines the relationship between religion and politics in India and instances of communalism. It defines communalism and communal politics. It also discusses secularism in India. The document analyzes the role of caste in politics in India and efforts taken to reduce casteism. It examines how caste can be politicized and the effects of exclusive attention to caste. It also summarizes popular movements in Nepal and Bolivia and the roles of interest groups, pressure
Production chain analysis of the Mexican wine market, performed in the framework of module "Markets, wine businesses and wine territories" of the International Vintage Master.
The word "Italia" likely originated from the Oscan word "Víteliú", meaning "land of young cattle". It was first applied to the southern portion of the Italian peninsula. Over time, the Greeks expanded its usage to a larger region of Italy. However, it was under Emperor Augustus that the term was applied to the entire Italian peninsula south of the Alps. Various groups and individuals worked towards unifying the Italian states over centuries, including the Carbonari secret society, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy movement, and Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand. Final unification was achieved in 1861 under King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.
The document summarizes the unification of Italy in the 19th century. It describes how the Risorgimento movement arose to inspire Italian nationalism and independence from foreign rule. It outlines the obstacles to unity posed by Austrian, French, and papal domination of the Italian states. Key figures that advanced unification included Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini through military campaigns, plebiscites, and diplomatic efforts. Ultimately Italy was unified as a kingdom by 1861, with Rome joining in 1870, completing the process of unifying the Italian states.
The document summarizes the key individuals and events involved in the unification of Italy from the 18th century to 1871. It describes the roles of nationalist leaders Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo Benso di Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi in inspiring nationalist sentiment and military campaigns that helped unify the Italian states. It outlines how Cavour allied with France and fought Austria, and how Garibaldi led volunteers to take control of Sicily and southern Italy. By 1871, Italy was unified under King Victor Emmanuel II, though tensions remained with the Papal States over control of Rome.
Access to History. The Unification of Italy.pdfklada0003
This document provides background information on the political divisions in Italy prior to unification, including that Italy was divided among several states and territories ruled by foreign powers like Austria. It then discusses the impact of French rule under Napoleon, including administrative reorganizations and both positive and negative effects on different sectors of Italian society. Finally, it provides an overview of the situation in Italy after Napoleon's defeat at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Napoleon Bonaparte established the Napoleonic Code in 1804, which did away with privileges based on birth and established equality before the law. It secured the right to property and abolished the feudal system. Napoleon destroyed democracy in France but incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field in a rational and efficient manner. Nationalism grew in Europe in the 19th century, influenced by ideas of romanticism, liberalism, and economic hardships. The revolutions of 1848 saw nationalist uprisings demand independence and constitutional rights across Europe. However, by late 19th century, nationalism became aligned with imperialism and intolerant of other national groups, exacerbating tensions that led to World War I.
The document summarizes the rise of nationalism in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how European society was divided between upper and lower classes. It also discusses the unification of Italy led by figures like Garibaldi and Cavour, and the unification of Germany orchestrated by Bismarck, which established unified Italian and German nation states. Nationalist ideas spread from the French Revolution and helped inspire independence movements that weakened the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans.
THE RSE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE FOR CBSE CLASS 10 STUDENTS THIS IS THEBEST PPT BY ME FOR MORE BEST JUST EDIT IT IN YOUR WAY YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THIS AND FRIENDS DON'T FORGET TO LIKE IT IF YOU LIKE THIS JUST FOLLOE ON saqlainmemon776@gmail.com in slideshare.
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The document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries. It covers several key points:
1) The French Revolution of 1789 was a major catalyst, establishing concepts like the nation, citizenship, and symbols like the tricolour flag.
2) Napoleon standardized laws and administration across much of Europe but faced opposition. Nationalist sentiments grew across the continent.
3) Most of Europe was divided into different ethnic groups that spoke various languages. Nationalist movements aimed to unite these groups into nation states.
4) Several nationalist movements succeeded in the 19th century, most notably the unification of Germany and Italy, which had previously been divided territories.
The document summarizes key events in the Risorgimento, the 19th century movement for Italian unification and independence. It describes early nationalist sentiment in the 1830s-1840s, the Five Days of Milan uprising against Austrian rule, and Carlo Alberto's failed war of independence in 1848. It then discusses the formation of nationalist societies like the Società Nazionale in Turin and the roles of figures like Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini in later military campaigns against Austria culminating in the proclamation of a united Kingdom of Italy in 1861, though it did not include Veneto, Trentino, or Rome at first.
SHAYAANKHAN PPT ON THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN europe.pdfSHAYAANkhan10
Nationalism arose as a powerful force in 19th century Europe, driven by the French Revolution. It helped unite countries like Italy and Germany while dividing others such as Austria-Hungary. The rise of the middle class and spread of liberal and nationalist ideas challenged the traditional rule of aristocracies. By the late 19th century, nationalism had led to the unification of Germany and Italy into nation states while also increasing tensions in the Balkans that would lead to war.
Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who aimed to unite Italy and establish a democratic republic. He founded secret societies like Young Italy and led failed revolutionary attempts in the 1830s-1840s. While he inspired patriotism, his methods were unsuccessful and he had little practical experience. Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, was a Piedmontese statesman who initially aimed to expand Piedmont's power but later worked to unite Italy. He gained support from Britain and France through diplomacy and the Crimean War. With French aid, Piedmont defeated Austria in 1859 but Italy remained divided until the 1860s when Giuseppe Garibaldi led the conquest of the Kingdom of the
The most important dates in Italian history include:
- 753 BC - The founding of Rome by Romulus, descended from the royal line of Alba Longa.
- Circa 1200 BC - After the fall of Troy, the Trojan hero Aeneas journeys throughout the Mediterranean and eventually lands in Lazio, Italy where he is welcomed by King Latinus.
- 753 BC - Romulus and his twin brother Remus, descendants of Aeneas and Mars, found Rome but Romulus kills Remus and becomes the city's first king.
- 1230 - The Sicilian School of Poetry emerges as the earliest form of secular literature in Italy under Emperor Frederick II of Sw
The document provides an overview of global imperialism and responses to Western dominance from the late 18th century to early 20th century. It summarizes the rise and fall of major empires like the British, French, Dutch, German, Ottoman, and Qing empires. It also discusses resistance movements and reforms in colonized regions like India, Vietnam, Egypt, and Africa. Finally, it examines the modernization of Japan in response to Western influence and the independence movements and struggles in Latin America after breaking from Spain and Portugal.
The document provides an overview of global imperialism and responses to Western dominance from the late 18th century to early 20th century. It summarizes the rise and fall of major empires like the British, French, Dutch, German, Ottoman, and Qing empires. It also discusses resistance movements and reforms in colonized regions like India, Vietnam, Egypt, and Africa. Finally, it examines the modernization of Japan in response to Western influence and the independence movements and struggles in Latin America after breaking from Spain and Portugal.
Nationalism in Italy and Germany in the 19th century led to their unification. In Italy, Mazzini advocated for unification, Cavour used diplomacy, and Garibaldi led military campaigns. They drove out Austria and united northern and southern Italy. In Germany, Bismarck used war against Denmark, Austria, and France to unite the German states under Prussian leadership, crowning Wilhelm I as the first emperor in 1871. Both countries faced challenges after unification due to regional and cultural differences within their new borders.
The document discusses nationalism and Italian unification. It provides background on Italian nationalism dating back to the French Revolution. It then details the key figures and events that led to Italian unification, including Cavour allying with France against Austria, Garibaldi's conquest of southern Italy, and Rome being annexed last in 1870, completing unification. However, problems remained, as the Pope was angry over losing control of Rome and the south resented northern domination of the new government.
Italy in the mid-19th century was divided into several states, with Austria controlling territory in the north and the Papal States in central Italy. The Risorgimento movement sought to unite Italy into a single nation, led by figures like Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Camillo Cavour of Piedmont-Sardinia. Cavour worked diplomatically to weaken Austria's hold on Italy while strengthening Piedmont, and allied with Britain and France against Russia. This paved the way for Garibaldi's military campaigns to liberate Sicily and southern Italy from Bourbon rule in 1860. By 1870, Italian unification was completed with the capture of Rome, making
Ch20 the conservativeorderandthechallengesofreformHals
The Congress of Vienna (1815) established a conservative order in Europe dominated by five great powers - Russia, Austria, Prussia, Britain and France. It aimed to prevent further revolutionary change and restore the pre-French Revolutionary monarchies. However, nationalist and liberal ideas continued to spread, fueling independence movements and revolutions in places like Greece, Serbia, Latin America and eventually France in 1830.
China faced increasing foreign domination and internal instability in the 19th century. The Opium Wars forced China to open ports to foreign trade and cede Hong Kong to Britain. Western powers imposed unequal treaties on China and established spheres of influence. The Taiping and Boxer Rebellions weakened the Qing dynasty. Reform efforts like the Self-Strengthening Movement and Hundred Days of Reform achieved only limited success. This instability led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911 under Sun Yixian, ending over 2000 years of imperial rule. However, the new republic still faced immense challenges, including foreign encroachment and domestic unrest.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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2. Sardinia!
Giovanni
Maria Angioy
Natinal Hero
Flag
Sea
The festival of Sant'Efisio
Vandal
Coin
Giant’s
GraveTharros
Prehistoric temple of
Monte d'Accoddi
Nuraghe Losa
The proclamation of
the Republic of Sassari
A Mamuthones and
an Issohadore,
Rock Lobster
Scampi
Sweets
Launeddas
Wedding Cake
Narughe
3. Piedmont!
Castelrosso
cheese
Bagna càuda featured in
Babylon 5
Bicerin
Bra (cheese)
Corzetti
Gianduiotto
Turin
Primo
Levi
Chemist
and
Writer
Blockbuster
Gianni
Agnelli
founder
of Fiat
Carla
Bruni
Piedmontese
language
Castelmagno cheese
Piedmontese Cattle
Gianduja
Krumiri
Sacro Monte
di Crea
Venchi
Lacábon
Piemonte
Wine
The Palazzina di caccia
of Stupinigi
Nutella
4. The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
• The Crown of Sardinia was awarded to King Victor Amadeus II of
Savoy under the Treaty of The London (1720). This compensated
him for the loss of the crown of Sicily to Austria and allowed him to
retain the title of king
• In 1792, Piedmont-Sardinia joined the First Coalition against the
French First Republic, but was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and
forced to sign the Treaty of Paris.
• In 1798 Turin was occupied and Charles Emmanuel IV had to
abdicate and go to Sardinia and the provisionary government voted
to unite Piedmont with France.
• In 1814, the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition
of the former Republic of Genoa
• The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward
7. Charles Albert
• Charles Albert succeeded
Charles Felix to the throne of
Sardinia in 1831
• Showed sympathy with
rioters
• In March 1848 King Charles
Albert promulgated a new
constitution for Piedmont-
Sardinia, the Statuto
Albertino, which became the
basis of the constitution of
the new kingdom of Italy
proclaimed by the first Italian
parliament on March
17, 1861.
Victor
Emmanuel I
• Returned to Turin in
1815 as one of the
restored monarchs
• Abolished Code
Napoleon and equal
justice for all
• Used laws from 1800
• Abdicated in 1821
8. Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
Came back to Piedmont in 1815, and tried to reinstate the pre-
Napoleonic wars so he completely reworked the social and
political systems by removing the Code Napoleon, and he
restored the old government and law courts. Got rid of all the
French stuff.
Born: 14 March 1820
Reign (as King of Sardinia): 1849-1861
Reign (as King of Italy): 1861-1878
Died: 9 January 1878 (aged 57)
Full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia
• Invited Jesuits to return
• Reinstated laws about Jewish people owning property, so they
had to live in ghettos
• Returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church
9. How Happy Were The People and Why?
• Towards the end of the 18th century the population
Piedmont was mainly peasant, and there were high birth
and death rates, coupled with short life expectancy
• On 28 April 1794, during an uprising in Cagliari, two
Piedmontese officials were killed
• This lead to a revolt (called the "Moti rivoluzionari sardi"
or "Vespri sardi") all over Sardinia, which culminated in
the expulsion of the officers for a few days from the
Capital Cagliari
Victor
Amadeus III
10. Political Strength of the Region
Very ambitious
They sought Unification from early on
After 1815 most key figures in unification came from
Piedmont, which meant they dominated the politics
afterwards.
Up until 1815 they were the strongest political
region, with a large army and an ability to switch
allegiances quickly between Austria and France
Garibaldi, Mazzini, Count Camillo of Cavour
12. Ambitions
• All the famous people from the unification
came from Piedmont
• Nationalism started there
• Politically ambitious- Always had favourable
position between Austria and France
14. Key Risorgimento Figures
The
Risorgimento
was an
ideological
and literary
movement
that helped to
arouse the
national
consciousness
of the Italian
people, and it
led to a series
of political
events that
freed the
Italian states
from foreign
domination
and united
them
politically.
Pier Alessandro Paravia was
an Italian writer, scholar,
philanthropist and professor
of Italian eloquence at the
University of Turin.
Alfonso Ferrero, Cavaliere
La Màrmora was an Italian
general and statesman.
Giuseppe Garibaldi was
an Italian general and
politician.
Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio
Benso, Count of Cavour, of
Isolabella and of Leri founder
of the original Italian Liberal
Party and Prime Minister of
the Kingdom of Piedmont-
Sardinia