In the 18th century, important advances were made in chemistry and biology. Antoine Lavoisier discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration. Two influential biologists were Comte De Buffon and Carolus Linnaeus, who developed early methods of classifying living things. In the 19th century, science progressed rapidly with discoveries like atomic theory by John Dalton, the isolation of elements like aluminum, and Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in Origin of Species. Important physicists included James Clerk Maxwell, Marie and Pierre Curie, and Joseph Thomson. The 20th century saw the discoveries of subatomic particles, nuclear fission, DNA structure, and breakthroughs in physics including quantum theory, relativity, and the discovery of Pl

1. SCIENCE IN 18TH CENTURY

2. • In 18th Century Chemistry made great advances
• The great Chemist - 18th Century was Antoine Lavoisier discovered
during combustion O2 Combines with substance and also discovered
role of Oxygen in respiration and Corrosion of Metals
Year Scientist Name Invented/Discovery
1751 Axel Cronsted Nickel (corrosion resistant element)
1752 Benjamin Franklin Lightening form of electricity
1756 Joseph Black CO2
(Carbon-di-oxide)
1766 Henry Cavendish Hydrogen and Density of Earth
1772 Daniel Rutherford Nitrogen
1772 Joseph Priestley Oxygen

3. • In the Year 1785 James Hutton published his book “ Theory of Earth”
Two great biologist of the 18th Century - Comte De Buffon and Karl
Linnaeus.
Linnaeus invented the method of classifying living things.
In 1752- Benjamin Franklin Proved the lightening is a form of Electricity.
In 1800 – Alessandro Volta invented the first chemical battery.
In 18th Century Medicine made slow progress.
Year Scientist Invented /Discovery
1781 William Herschel Planet Uranus
1784 John Goodricke Variable Stars
1786 Caroline Herschel
(1st Women Discoverer)
Comet

4. Science in the 19th Century
• In 19th Century Science made great progress.
• In 1803 John Dalton Published – Atomic Theory (matter is made of
tiny, indivisible particles and atoms of different elements has
different weights). Dalton also studied about Colour Blindness.
Year Scientist Name Invented/Discovery
1819 Hans Christian Oersted Electric Current
1819 Michael Faraday Dynamo
1827 Friedrich Wohler (German
Chemist)
Isolated Aluminum
1828 Friedrich Wohler (German
Chemist)
Urea

5. • 1859 – Charles Robert Darwin’s (born – Feb 12,1809) monumental work “
The Origin of Species” was Published.
• Darwin believed that species of animals could change
• One species change in to another.
• In 1866 – Gregor Mendel (Australian) discovered the laws of hereditary by
breeding peas
• In 1854 – John Snow discovered that Cholera transmitted by Water.
• Louis Pasteur proved that microscopic organism caused disease.
• In the Physics - In 1873 James Clarke Maxwell showed that the light as an
electromagnetic wave.
• In 1898 Marie Curie and Pierre Currie discovered Radium
• In 1897 Joseph Thomson discovered the Electron.
• In 1838 – Friedrich Bessel measured the distance to a star for the first time.
• In 1846 – The Planet “Neptune” discovered.

6. Science in 20th Century
• During the 20th Century science continued to go forward at fantastic
speed.
• In 1910 - Ernest Rutherford discovered Atomic Nucleus.
• In 1932 – James Chadwick discovered the Neutron.
• In Physics two revolutionist – Max Planck and Albert Einstein in the
19th Century.
• Planck Proposed Quantum Theory in the year 1900 ( energy is
exchanged in discrete packets called as quanta)
• Einstein published his theory of Special relativity (1905) and General
Theory of Relativity (1915)

7. • In 1930 Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto (planet)
• In 1937 – first telescope was built.
• 1928 - Alexander Fleming invented Pencillin
• 1953 – Francis Crick and James Watson discovered double helix
structure of DNA.
• Stephen Hawking is known for his Research on Black Holes , Relativity
and Cosmology