The document discusses the mechanical and physical properties of dental materials that are important for prosthodontics. It describes key mechanical properties like stress, strain, strength, elasticity and hardness. It also outlines important physical properties such as color, viscosity, thermal expansion and corrosion resistance. Understanding the properties of dental materials helps in selecting appropriate materials that can withstand the challenges of the oral environment.
Physical and mechanical properties of dental materialsPrabu Ps
The document discusses various physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines terms like viscosity, viscoelasticity, creep, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, force, stress, strain, elastic limit, resilience, elongation, elastic modulus, flexibility and more. It provides examples of these properties for different dental materials and their clinical significance. For example, it notes that the rheological properties of a material influence its handling characteristics and some materials are susceptible to distortion.
Physical properties of dental materials by Dr Mujtaba AshrafDr Mujtaba Ashraf
This document discusses the physical properties of dental materials. It begins with an introduction and definition of physical properties. It then discusses various physical properties like hardness, stress and strain, viscosity, creep and flow. It provides details on different hardness tests like Brinell, Knoop, Vickers, Rockwell, Barcol and Shore hardness tests. It also discusses concepts of stress, strain, viscosity and creep. The document concludes with discussing other properties like color and color perception, thermophysical properties, corrosion and types of corrosion.
Mechanical properties of dental materialsalka shukla
The document provides an overview of mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines key terms like stress, strain, elastic modulus, strength properties, and more. Stress is the force per unit area acting on materials and is expressed as force over area. Strain is the change in length under stress. Elastic modulus describes stiffness and is the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic region. Strength properties include elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The document discusses these properties for different dental materials like enamel, dentin, gold, and ceramics.
The document discusses the mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines mechanical properties as those defined by the laws of mechanics, including forces and their effects on materials. Mechanical properties need to be considered collectively based on the intended application of the material. The success of any dental restoration depends on the mechanical properties of the material used. Key mechanical properties discussed include stress, strain, strength, elastic modulus, resilience, toughness, ductility and hardness. Various testing methods are used to evaluate these properties.
This document discusses various optical and physical properties of dental materials that are important for their selection and use. It provides details on properties like opacity, color, thermal conductivity, viscosity, water sorption and solubility. It explains how these properties are measured and their significance for different dental applications like composite resins, cements, impression materials and dental alloys. The document also covers interactions of light with materials, principles of color measurement, and factors influencing color perception in dentistry.
Physical properties of dental materialsShruti MISHRA
This document provides an overview of the physical properties of dental materials, including mechanical properties like stress, strain, strength and toughness. It defines these key terms and describes how they are measured. Specific properties are discussed for different dental materials like enamel, dentin, amalgam and composites. The document is intended to educate dental students on understanding the behavior and selection of restorative materials based on their important mechanical characteristics.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Physical and mechanical properties of dental materialsPrabu Ps
The document discusses various physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines terms like viscosity, viscoelasticity, creep, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, force, stress, strain, elastic limit, resilience, elongation, elastic modulus, flexibility and more. It provides examples of these properties for different dental materials and their clinical significance. For example, it notes that the rheological properties of a material influence its handling characteristics and some materials are susceptible to distortion.
Physical properties of dental materials by Dr Mujtaba AshrafDr Mujtaba Ashraf
This document discusses the physical properties of dental materials. It begins with an introduction and definition of physical properties. It then discusses various physical properties like hardness, stress and strain, viscosity, creep and flow. It provides details on different hardness tests like Brinell, Knoop, Vickers, Rockwell, Barcol and Shore hardness tests. It also discusses concepts of stress, strain, viscosity and creep. The document concludes with discussing other properties like color and color perception, thermophysical properties, corrosion and types of corrosion.
Mechanical properties of dental materialsalka shukla
The document provides an overview of mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines key terms like stress, strain, elastic modulus, strength properties, and more. Stress is the force per unit area acting on materials and is expressed as force over area. Strain is the change in length under stress. Elastic modulus describes stiffness and is the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic region. Strength properties include elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The document discusses these properties for different dental materials like enamel, dentin, gold, and ceramics.
The document discusses the mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines mechanical properties as those defined by the laws of mechanics, including forces and their effects on materials. Mechanical properties need to be considered collectively based on the intended application of the material. The success of any dental restoration depends on the mechanical properties of the material used. Key mechanical properties discussed include stress, strain, strength, elastic modulus, resilience, toughness, ductility and hardness. Various testing methods are used to evaluate these properties.
This document discusses various optical and physical properties of dental materials that are important for their selection and use. It provides details on properties like opacity, color, thermal conductivity, viscosity, water sorption and solubility. It explains how these properties are measured and their significance for different dental applications like composite resins, cements, impression materials and dental alloys. The document also covers interactions of light with materials, principles of color measurement, and factors influencing color perception in dentistry.
Physical properties of dental materialsShruti MISHRA
This document provides an overview of the physical properties of dental materials, including mechanical properties like stress, strain, strength and toughness. It defines these key terms and describes how they are measured. Specific properties are discussed for different dental materials like enamel, dentin, amalgam and composites. The document is intended to educate dental students on understanding the behavior and selection of restorative materials based on their important mechanical characteristics.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties of dentalChaithraPrabhu3
This document provides an overview of various mechanical, physical, and aesthetic properties of dental materials. It discusses key concepts such as stress, strain, elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, flexural strength, fatigue, impact strength, elastic properties, and optical properties. Various strength properties are defined, including proportional limit, elastic limit, yield strength, and ultimate tensile/compressive/shear/flexural strengths. Strength is important for withstanding forces from mastication. Material properties must also account for the physiological environment of the oral cavity.
Mechanical properties of dental material المحاضرة الأولىLama K Banna
The document discusses various mechanical properties of dental materials including strain, stress, stress-strain curves, hardness, and strength. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
1) Strain and stress occur when forces are applied to materials, causing deformation and internal resisting forces. Stress-strain curves plot these values to compare material properties.
2) Properties like elasticity, strength, and brittleness are determined from the curves. Hardness tests measure material resistance to indentation or scratching.
3) Common tests include Brinell, Knoop, and Rockwell hardness tests as well as transverse strength and diametral compression tests for brittle materials. Understanding material mechanics guides selection of suitable dental materials
Rheological properties of dental materialsEnas Elshenawy
Rheology is the study of how materials flow and deform under stress. Viscosity describes a fluid's resistance to flow and can be used to classify fluids as Newtonian, pseudoplastic, or dilatant. Viscoelastic materials exhibit properties of both solids and liquids. Their behavior depends on strain rate and time. Rheometers measure rheological properties like viscosity, storage and loss modulus, and creep compliance. These properties help characterize dental materials and assess their clinical performance.
Mechanical and physical properties of Prosthodontic materialsSubuhi Siddiqui
This document discusses the mechanical and physical properties of materials used in clinical and laboratory procedures in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to the importance of selecting restorative dental materials based on their properties. It then covers various mechanical properties including stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, strength properties, ductility, malleability and hardness. Various tests for measuring these properties are also described. The document emphasizes the relevance of understanding these properties for applications in prosthodontics.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHeatherSeghi
This document defines key terms related to the physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It discusses the primary bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) and secondary bonds that give materials their strength and properties. It describes the density, hardness, elasticity, stiffness, brittleness and other characteristics of solids and liquids. It also covers the composition of dental materials, how they are classified based on their application and longevity, and how they undergo physical or chemical reactions when mixed.
Dicor and cerestore /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS AND SHADE SELECTIONHri M
This presentation describes the optical properties of dental materials, the different types of colour models, how colour is produced, dimensions of colour, problems in colour perception, shade guides available in markets and rules in shade selection
Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHemavathi N
Mechanical properties are defined by the laws of mechanics i.e. the physical science dealing with forces that act on bodies and the resultant motion, deformation, or stresses that those bodies experiences.
Mechanical properties are usually expressed in units of stress and/or strain.
This document discusses the mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines key terms like force, stress, strain, elastic deformation and plastic deformation. It describes different types of stresses like tensile, compressive, shear and flexural stresses. It also discusses strength properties and how they are measured. Factors like stress concentration and flaws can reduce the clinical strength of dental materials. Understanding mechanical properties is important for optimizing the performance of dental materials.
Several properties of dental materials must be considered to predict their performance. No single property defines a material's quality. Properties evaluated include those during storage, mixing, setting, and of set materials. Set material properties include physical (optical, thermal, electrical, rheological), chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. Optical properties include color, translucency and surface texture. Thermal properties include temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion.
This document provides an overview of the physical properties of dental materials. It discusses topics like the structure of matter, interatomic bonds, adhesion and bonding, concepts of stress and strain, and rheology. The document is intended to explain the underlying physics and chemistry that determine the mechanical, thermal, optical and other observable qualities of dental materials. It focuses on topics like crystalline structure, bonding forces, surface energy, wetting, and how stresses and strains impact materials at the atomic level. The overall aim is to describe the fundamental physical principles that govern the behavior and performance of different dental materials.
Mechanical properties of dental materials are important for understanding how materials will behave under forces during clinical use. Three key properties discussed are:
1. Modulus of elasticity (stiffness) determines a material's ability to resist bending or deformation and is important for bridges and wires. Cobalt-chromium alloys have the highest modulus.
2. Strength properties like proportional limit, yield strength, and ultimate strength indicate the stress level at which permanent deformation begins, important for ensuring restorations maintain their intended fit.
3. Impact strength is the energy required to fracture a material and is measured using impact testing devices to evaluate resistance to sudden forces. Materials with higher impact strength are less brittle.
This document provides an overview of biocompatibility as it relates to dental materials. It defines biocompatibility and discusses the requirements dental materials must meet to be biocompatible. The document outlines various tests used to evaluate biocompatibility, including toxicity, inflammation, allergic reactions, and other potential adverse effects. It also discusses the relevance of biocompatibility to dentists and their patients and staff. Finally, it examines how biocompatibility of dental materials is measured through a series of in vivo and in vitro tests.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS.pptxAbhidha Tripathi
This document discusses the physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It begins by introducing physical properties, which are based on laws of physics and include properties like abrasion resistance, creep, thermal conductivity, viscosity, tarnish and corrosion, and color and optical effects. It then discusses mechanical properties, which describe a material's ability to withstand forces and include properties like elasticity, strength, and fracture toughness. The document provides details on specific physical properties, such as defining viscosity, describing different fluid types, and outlining thermal conductivity and diffusion. It also covers optical properties like reflection, refraction, absorption, and how these impact a material's appearance.
This document provides an overview of the mechanical properties of dental materials. It discusses key concepts like stress, strain, elastic modulus, strength properties, and how these properties are evaluated. The mechanical properties of tooth structure and restorative materials are important to understand their performance under forces from chewing. Understanding these fundamentals can help select appropriate materials that can withstand high stresses from biting forces over time.
Rheological properties of dental materialsDrmumtaz Islam
This document discusses rheology, which is the study of flow and deformation of materials like solids and liquids. It describes different types of fluid behavior including Newtonian fluids where viscosity is constant with shear rate, and non-Newtonian fluids like pseudoplastics where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Rheometers are used to measure properties like viscosity and how they change with factors like shear stress and shear rate. The document also briefly mentions some other material properties important for dental materials like thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, adhesion, dimensional stability, density, and solubility/erosion resistance.
This document discusses corrosion of dental materials. It defines corrosion as an electrochemical process that causes metal deterioration and failure. Corrosion can cause pulpal pain, toxic reactions, and metallic taste. It occurs via chemical or electrochemical mechanisms. Electrochemical corrosion requires an electrolyte and occurs via galvanic, heterogeneous surface composition, stress, or concentration cell corrosion when different areas of a restoration have different electrolyte compositions. Protection against corrosion can come from using passive metals like chromium, keeping surfaces polished, or using protective coatings.
The document discusses heat cure acrylic denture base resins. It provides background on the development of denture base materials over time. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was introduced in 1937 and remains the material of choice due to its superior esthetics, ease of processing, accurate fit, and use with inexpensive equipment. The document describes the composition, chemical basis of polymerization, manipulation techniques including compression molding and injection molding, and physical properties of heat cure acrylic resins. It also compares heat cure resins to self-cure resins and discusses requirements versus clinical performance as well as recent advances in the material.
A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
This document provides an overview of the various physical properties of dental materials, including rheological properties like viscosity and viscoelasticity, thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical properties like modulus of elasticity and hardness, electrical properties like galvanism, and chemical properties such as corrosion and tarnish. It discusses these properties in the context of how they impact dental materials during storage, mixing, setting and as a set material. The properties are important to consider when selecting materials to ensure their successful performance for the intended dental application.
Mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties of dentalChaithraPrabhu3
This document provides an overview of various mechanical, physical, and aesthetic properties of dental materials. It discusses key concepts such as stress, strain, elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, flexural strength, fatigue, impact strength, elastic properties, and optical properties. Various strength properties are defined, including proportional limit, elastic limit, yield strength, and ultimate tensile/compressive/shear/flexural strengths. Strength is important for withstanding forces from mastication. Material properties must also account for the physiological environment of the oral cavity.
Mechanical properties of dental material المحاضرة الأولىLama K Banna
The document discusses various mechanical properties of dental materials including strain, stress, stress-strain curves, hardness, and strength. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms:
1) Strain and stress occur when forces are applied to materials, causing deformation and internal resisting forces. Stress-strain curves plot these values to compare material properties.
2) Properties like elasticity, strength, and brittleness are determined from the curves. Hardness tests measure material resistance to indentation or scratching.
3) Common tests include Brinell, Knoop, and Rockwell hardness tests as well as transverse strength and diametral compression tests for brittle materials. Understanding material mechanics guides selection of suitable dental materials
Rheological properties of dental materialsEnas Elshenawy
Rheology is the study of how materials flow and deform under stress. Viscosity describes a fluid's resistance to flow and can be used to classify fluids as Newtonian, pseudoplastic, or dilatant. Viscoelastic materials exhibit properties of both solids and liquids. Their behavior depends on strain rate and time. Rheometers measure rheological properties like viscosity, storage and loss modulus, and creep compliance. These properties help characterize dental materials and assess their clinical performance.
Mechanical and physical properties of Prosthodontic materialsSubuhi Siddiqui
This document discusses the mechanical and physical properties of materials used in clinical and laboratory procedures in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to the importance of selecting restorative dental materials based on their properties. It then covers various mechanical properties including stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, strength properties, ductility, malleability and hardness. Various tests for measuring these properties are also described. The document emphasizes the relevance of understanding these properties for applications in prosthodontics.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHeatherSeghi
This document defines key terms related to the physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It discusses the primary bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) and secondary bonds that give materials their strength and properties. It describes the density, hardness, elasticity, stiffness, brittleness and other characteristics of solids and liquids. It also covers the composition of dental materials, how they are classified based on their application and longevity, and how they undergo physical or chemical reactions when mixed.
Dicor and cerestore /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS AND SHADE SELECTIONHri M
This presentation describes the optical properties of dental materials, the different types of colour models, how colour is produced, dimensions of colour, problems in colour perception, shade guides available in markets and rules in shade selection
Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHemavathi N
Mechanical properties are defined by the laws of mechanics i.e. the physical science dealing with forces that act on bodies and the resultant motion, deformation, or stresses that those bodies experiences.
Mechanical properties are usually expressed in units of stress and/or strain.
This document discusses the mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines key terms like force, stress, strain, elastic deformation and plastic deformation. It describes different types of stresses like tensile, compressive, shear and flexural stresses. It also discusses strength properties and how they are measured. Factors like stress concentration and flaws can reduce the clinical strength of dental materials. Understanding mechanical properties is important for optimizing the performance of dental materials.
Several properties of dental materials must be considered to predict their performance. No single property defines a material's quality. Properties evaluated include those during storage, mixing, setting, and of set materials. Set material properties include physical (optical, thermal, electrical, rheological), chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. Optical properties include color, translucency and surface texture. Thermal properties include temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion.
This document provides an overview of the physical properties of dental materials. It discusses topics like the structure of matter, interatomic bonds, adhesion and bonding, concepts of stress and strain, and rheology. The document is intended to explain the underlying physics and chemistry that determine the mechanical, thermal, optical and other observable qualities of dental materials. It focuses on topics like crystalline structure, bonding forces, surface energy, wetting, and how stresses and strains impact materials at the atomic level. The overall aim is to describe the fundamental physical principles that govern the behavior and performance of different dental materials.
Mechanical properties of dental materials are important for understanding how materials will behave under forces during clinical use. Three key properties discussed are:
1. Modulus of elasticity (stiffness) determines a material's ability to resist bending or deformation and is important for bridges and wires. Cobalt-chromium alloys have the highest modulus.
2. Strength properties like proportional limit, yield strength, and ultimate strength indicate the stress level at which permanent deformation begins, important for ensuring restorations maintain their intended fit.
3. Impact strength is the energy required to fracture a material and is measured using impact testing devices to evaluate resistance to sudden forces. Materials with higher impact strength are less brittle.
This document provides an overview of biocompatibility as it relates to dental materials. It defines biocompatibility and discusses the requirements dental materials must meet to be biocompatible. The document outlines various tests used to evaluate biocompatibility, including toxicity, inflammation, allergic reactions, and other potential adverse effects. It also discusses the relevance of biocompatibility to dentists and their patients and staff. Finally, it examines how biocompatibility of dental materials is measured through a series of in vivo and in vitro tests.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS.pptxAbhidha Tripathi
This document discusses the physical and mechanical properties of dental materials. It begins by introducing physical properties, which are based on laws of physics and include properties like abrasion resistance, creep, thermal conductivity, viscosity, tarnish and corrosion, and color and optical effects. It then discusses mechanical properties, which describe a material's ability to withstand forces and include properties like elasticity, strength, and fracture toughness. The document provides details on specific physical properties, such as defining viscosity, describing different fluid types, and outlining thermal conductivity and diffusion. It also covers optical properties like reflection, refraction, absorption, and how these impact a material's appearance.
This document provides an overview of the mechanical properties of dental materials. It discusses key concepts like stress, strain, elastic modulus, strength properties, and how these properties are evaluated. The mechanical properties of tooth structure and restorative materials are important to understand their performance under forces from chewing. Understanding these fundamentals can help select appropriate materials that can withstand high stresses from biting forces over time.
Rheological properties of dental materialsDrmumtaz Islam
This document discusses rheology, which is the study of flow and deformation of materials like solids and liquids. It describes different types of fluid behavior including Newtonian fluids where viscosity is constant with shear rate, and non-Newtonian fluids like pseudoplastics where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Rheometers are used to measure properties like viscosity and how they change with factors like shear stress and shear rate. The document also briefly mentions some other material properties important for dental materials like thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, adhesion, dimensional stability, density, and solubility/erosion resistance.
This document discusses corrosion of dental materials. It defines corrosion as an electrochemical process that causes metal deterioration and failure. Corrosion can cause pulpal pain, toxic reactions, and metallic taste. It occurs via chemical or electrochemical mechanisms. Electrochemical corrosion requires an electrolyte and occurs via galvanic, heterogeneous surface composition, stress, or concentration cell corrosion when different areas of a restoration have different electrolyte compositions. Protection against corrosion can come from using passive metals like chromium, keeping surfaces polished, or using protective coatings.
The document discusses heat cure acrylic denture base resins. It provides background on the development of denture base materials over time. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was introduced in 1937 and remains the material of choice due to its superior esthetics, ease of processing, accurate fit, and use with inexpensive equipment. The document describes the composition, chemical basis of polymerization, manipulation techniques including compression molding and injection molding, and physical properties of heat cure acrylic resins. It also compares heat cure resins to self-cure resins and discusses requirements versus clinical performance as well as recent advances in the material.
A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
This document provides an overview of the various physical properties of dental materials, including rheological properties like viscosity and viscoelasticity, thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical properties like modulus of elasticity and hardness, electrical properties like galvanism, and chemical properties such as corrosion and tarnish. It discusses these properties in the context of how they impact dental materials during storage, mixing, setting and as a set material. The properties are important to consider when selecting materials to ensure their successful performance for the intended dental application.
This lecture discusses the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of dental materials. It focuses on the mechanical properties of stress, strength, elastic limit, strain, ductility, stress-strain curves, elastic modulus, proportional limit, resilience, and hardness. Thermal properties discussed include thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction. Electrical properties examined are electrical activity and galvanism in dentistry. Finally, the optical properties of transparency, opacity, and translucency are covered. Understanding these properties helps with manipulating dental materials and using them to their best advantage.
The document discusses various properties of materials including mechanical, electrical, chemical, physical, thermal and other properties. It defines key terms like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, melting point, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat. Tables are included comparing properties for different materials like metals, semiconductors, insulators, plastics and composites.
This document summarizes research on laser-generated stress waves. Key points:
1) Pulsed lasers can generate high-amplitude stress waves by rapidly heating a material's surface. Covering the surface with a transparent material enhances peak pressures up to 10 GPa.
2) Stress waves modify materials' properties similarly to shock waves. This process has increased strength and hardness in various metals.
3) Experiments measured stress wave pressures using piezoelectric transducers. Theoretical modeling agreed well with measurements. Stress wave rise time depends on heated material temperature while decay is slower, governed by heat transfer.
4) Research is further exploring how in-depth stress fields and material deformation vary with boundaries
DJJ3213 MATERIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 NOTE.pptfieyzaadn
This document summarizes various mechanical properties and failure modes of materials. It defines physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Thermal properties describe a material's response to heat, such as heat capacity and thermal expansion. Mechanical properties describe how a material reacts to forces and include properties like toughness, hardness, and elasticity. Failure modes like fracture, fatigue, and creep are also discussed. The document contrasts ductile and brittle failure, and describes how properties vary with temperature for different materials. It provides examples of different fracture surfaces and discusses fracture mechanics concepts.
Biomaterials and biosciences biometals.pptxKoustavGhosh26
This document provides an introduction to materials, including:
1. It discusses the evolution of materials from the Stone Age to today's Silicon Age and how materials drive modern society.
2. It explains that materials science studies the relationship between structure and properties of materials, while materials engineering designs materials for specific properties and applications.
3. It briefly introduces common materials like metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, describing their basic structures and properties.
This document provides an overview of biomaterials used in orthopaedics. It begins with objectives of discussing properties of commonly used biomaterials and giving an introduction to basic biomaterial science. The introduction defines biomaterials and discusses their early history and qualities needed for biomedical applications. Commonly used biomaterials are then categorized as metals, polymers, and ceramics. Metallic biomaterials discussed include stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium alloys, and the newer tantalum. Key properties like mechanical behavior, strength, corrosion, and structural characteristics are reviewed for understanding biomaterial selection and performance.
This study evaluated the Knoop hardness of resin composite restorations photoactivated by different methods when different mold materials were used. Resin composite samples were cured using high-intensity continuous, low-intensity continuous, soft-start, or pulse-delay methods and placed in either a bovine tooth or metal mold. Knoop hardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces. On the top surface, hardness did not differ between curing methods but was higher for the metal mold. On the bottom, high-intensity continuous curing produced higher hardness than low-intensity continuous, and hardness was influenced by the mold material used. The results indicate that photoactivation method and mold can impact hardness values of resin composite restorations.
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids in sliding contactspadmanabhankrishnan4
Abstract: The viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contact conditions
is observed and analyzed with respect to the sliding speed, material composition,
and geometry. It was discovered that polymeric solids produced their own distinct
viscoelastic signatures that cause resonance at certain sliding speeds which can be
explained with resonance conditions for electromagnetic waves. The observed viscolelastic phenomenon is characterized with respect to the relaxation and recovery
times for rigid polymeric solids. It is confirmatory as a demonstration of proof of
existence of viscoelasticity and self-organization in these materials under sliding contact conditions. Viscoelastic observations are also made on the aged specimens in
sliding contact.
This document discusses the properties and classification of engineering materials. It begins by introducing the importance of selecting the right material for a given design based on its properties and characteristics. Materials are then classified into six main families: metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, elastomers, and hybrid materials. The document proceeds to describe key properties of materials, including mechanical properties like strength and hardness, thermal properties, electrical properties, optical properties, and environmental resistance. A variety of testing methods are also outlined for evaluating these material properties.
This document discusses size reduction and comminution. It outlines the objectives of size reduction such as improving flow properties and increasing surface area. It examines how material properties like brittleness, toughness, and hardness influence size reduction. Different size reduction methods are described, including cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and combined impact/attrition. Specific equipment like ball mills, hammer mills, and fluidized mills are discussed in terms of how they achieve size reduction through impacts and attrition. Factors that influence particle size distribution changes during milling are also covered.
This document discusses various mechanical material properties that are important for engineering applications. It begins with an introduction that defines mechanical properties as how materials react to loads or external forces. It then lists and describes key mechanical properties including yield strength, tensile strength, brittleness, ductility, stiffness, Poisson's ratio, hardness, thermal expansion, wear resistance, malleability, toughness, resilience, and creep. For each property, it provides details on the definition, types if applicable, and relevance for engineering design. The document concludes with references.
- Fracture is the separation of an object into pieces due to stress. There are two main types: ductile fracture and brittle fracture.
- Ductile fracture involves plastic deformation and occurs through processes like necking and the formation and coalescence of microvoids. It results in a cup-and-cone pattern. Brittle fracture occurs suddenly without plastic deformation.
- Fracture mechanics studies how cracks propagate in materials. The Griffith theory and models like the Mohr-Coulomb criterion describe how stresses lead to fracture based on factors like crack size and material properties.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Bauschinger effect given by Dr. Deeksha Bhanotia at NIMS Dental College. It begins with an introduction defining the Bauschinger effect as the phenomenon where the yield stress of a metal is lower in the reverse direction after it has been plastically deformed in one direction. It then discusses the general physical properties of metals, theories of the Bauschinger effect including back stress theory and Orowan theory, parameters used to describe the effect, and applications in orthodontics including space closure mechanics and loop design. The conclusion states that the principal cause of the effect appears to be the creation of mobile dislocations which exhibit directional resistance to motion
This document outlines the course details for a Construction Materials and Testing course. It includes the course code, description, credit units, grading system, course outline, classroom policies, and references. The course covers properties and testing of common construction materials like metals, plastics, wood, concrete, aggregates, asphalt, and composites. Students will learn material properties, testing equipment, and how to conduct various tests. The grading is based on projects, quizzes, exams, and class participation.
This document provides an overview of a summer course on dental materials taught in 2007-2008. It discusses the challenges posed by the oral environment for dental materials and the need for biocompatibility, aesthetics and durability. It then examines various intraoral factors like forces, moisture, acid levels and temperature that affect dental materials. The document outlines different material properties including physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, solubility and optical properties. It provides examples of how these properties are measured and their significance for material selection and performance.
The document discusses various mechanical properties that are important for biomaterials applications. It describes properties like stiffness, hardness, toughness, strength, fatigue, corrosion, and creep. Mechanical properties help determine how a material would behave in a given application and are important to consider when selecting biomaterials to replace biological tissues. Properties like elastic modulus and strength should match that of the tissues being replaced for optimal performance.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)GeorgeKieling1
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Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
4. Introduction
In Prosthodontics, our principal goal is to improve and/or maintain the quality
of life of the dental patient which mostly requires the replacement of existing or
missing dentition.
So the selection of good prosthetic material becomes very important to us.
In the oral environment, restorative materials are exposed to various chemical,
thermal and mechanical challenges.
We should learn properties of dental materials to understand behaviour of
particular material and how it can withstand the adverse conditions of the oral
environment.
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6. Mechanical properties
Physical science dealing with forces that acts on bodies and the resultant
motion, deformation or stresses that those bodies experience.
Stress and Strain
Strength properties
Elastic properties
Other important properties
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7. Stress
internal reaction of material opposite to the applied external force, which is
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to that external force.
Stress = Force/Area, SI unit = Pascal ( Pa )
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Stress
Tensile Compressive Shear Flexural
8. Stress
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Tensile stress
Tends to stretch or
elongate a body
Compressive stress
Tends to shorten a
body
Shear stress
Sliding or twisting of
one portion of body
over another
Flexural stress
Bending forces
( compressive +
tensile )
9. Strain
Change in length per unit length, Strain = ∆L/L
∆L
Two types,
Elastic strain and Plastic strain
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L
11. Proportional limit
Hooke’s law
elas c stress ∞ elas c strain
material springs back after removal of force
the point above which curve deviates from a straight line
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12. Yield Strength
a specific amount of plastic strain
parallel line crossing curve
offset
material begins to function in a plastic manner
Ultimate Tensile/Compressive Strength is defined as the maximum stress that
a material can withstand before failure in tension/compression.
Necking
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13. Elastic limit
is greatest stress to which the material can be subjected such that it returns to its
original dimensions when the force is released.
Permanent/Plastic deformation
occurs when material is deformed by stress at a point above the proportional
limit before fracture,
removal of the applied force will reduce the stress to zero but the plastic strain
remains and the object does not return to its original dimension when the force
is removed,
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14. Cold working
repeated plastic deformation
beyond their proportional limits
lead to embrittlement ( reduced plasticity )
to deform metal in small increments
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15. Young’s modulus
relative stiffness or rigidity
stress below the proportional limit
divided by its corresponding strain
constant of proportionality
slope of straight line ( elastic range )
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16. Flexibility the flexural strain that occur when the material is stressed to its
proportional limit
Poisson’s ratio within elastic limit, ratio of lateral to axial strain
most rigid materials exhibit a Poisson's ratio of about 0.3
most ductile materials such as soft gold alloys, show a high degree of reduction
in cross sectional area and higher Poisson's ratio
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17. Resilience
amount of energy absorbed within a unit volume of a structure when it is
stressed to its proportional limit
stress is not greater than proportional limit, elastic energy is absorbed
so restorative material should exhibit a moderately high elastic modulus and
relatively low resilience
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18. Toughness
ability of a material to absorb elastic energy and to deform plastically before
fracturing
total area under a plot of tensile stress vs tensile strain
defined as the amount of elastic
and plastic deformation energy
required to fracture a material
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19. Brittleness
relative inability of a material to sustain plastic deformation before fracture
e.g. amalgams, ceramics, composits
they sustain little/no plastic strain, fracture at or near the proportional limit
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20. Ductility
ability of a material to sustain a large permanent deformation under a tensile
load before it fractures
forming into wire
decreases as the temperature is raised
Au>Ag>Pt>Ni>Cu
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21. Malleability
ability of the material to withstand rupture under compression
hammering or rolling into a sheet
increases with rise in temperature
Au>Ag>Al>Cu
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22. Hardness
in metallurgy resistance to indentation and in minerology resistance to
scratching
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Macro
hardness
Brinell
Rockwell
Micro
hardness
Vickers
Knoop other
Shore
Barcol
23.
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Brinell Steel ball Diameter of
indentation
Metals
Rockwell
Conical
diamond
pointer
Depth of
penetration
Widely used due
to convenience
Vickers Square based
pyramid
Diagonal
length
Brittle materials,
small specimens
Knoop Rhombohedral
pyramid
Length of
largest
diagonal
Both hard and
soft materials
27. Physical properties
Based on structure and basic nature of materials, it includes atomic structure,
nuclear phenomena, optics, electronics and also thermodynamics.
Rheology
Color and optical effects
Thermal properties
Electrochemical properties
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28. Viscosity
Rheology is study of flow characteristics of materials and its deformation
Viscosity is resistance of a liquid to flow
measured in poise ( Mpa/sec )
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29. to explain viscous nature of some materials , shear stress v/s shear strain rate
curve can be plotted
Newtonian fluid
an ideal fluid
shear stress proportional to strain rate
straight line of curve
constant velocity under pressure
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30. Pseudoplastic fluid
viscosity decreases with increasing strain rate, until it reaches a
nearly constant value e.g. ketchup, blood, nail-polish
Dilatant fluid
viscosity increase with increasing stress
material become more rigid under stress e.g. acrylic denture base
material
Plastic fluid
material behaves rigid until a minimum of stress is applied ,then it
starts behaving like Newtonian fluid, e.g. clay, composite material
30
31. Creep
time dependent plastic strain of material under static or constant
stress
metals creep when temperature approaches hundreds of degrees
of its melting range, e.g. cast restorations
Flow
measure of potential to deform under a small static load, even
associated with its own mass, e.g. is dental waxes
31
32. Color
sensation induced from light of varying wavelengths reaching eye
cone cells of retina
approximately 400nm (violet) to 700nm (dark red)
32
33. 3 dimension of color
Munsell System ( Qualitative )
Hue, particular variety
Value, relative lightness
or darkness
Chroma, degree of saturation
33
34. CIE LAB color system ( Quantitative )
Commission Internationale del’Eclairage (CIE)
L* represents the value of an object
a* is the measurement along the red-green axis
b* is the measurement along the yellow-blue axis
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35. Metamerism
objects that appear to be color-matched under one type of light may appear
different under another type
35
36. Fluorescence
absorption of light by a material and the spontaneous emission of light in a
longer wavelength,
primarily occurs in the dentin, higher amount of organic material
UV light is absorbed and fluoresced back in blue section
36
37. Dental Shade guides
VITA Classical introduced in 1956 still is widely used for shade matching in
dentistry, It has 16 shade samples ( A1 to D4 )
37
38. 38
VITA 3D-MASTER introduced in 1998, 26 shades divided into group 1 to 5
First number i.e. 1-5 represent Value
Letter L, M, R represent Hue from yellowish to reddish
The second number designates Chroma
40. Tips for shade taking
tooth should be clean, hydrated
daylight or standardized daylight lamps
quickly
avoid bright colors in the shade-taking environment
selection distance, one to three feet
cervical aspect
specimens one at a time by holding them next to the tooth
40
41. Coefficient of thermal expansion
change in length per unit of the original length per unit of a material when its
temperature is raised 10 K
expressed in units of mm/m K or ppm/ K
close matching of the coefficient of thermal expansion (α) is important
between the tooth and the restorative materials to prevent marginal leakage
ex., Enamel 11.4, Dentin 8.3
GIC 10.2-11.4, Porcelain 12.0, Amalgam 22.1-28.0, Composite 14-50
41
42. Tarnish
is a surface discoloration of the metal or even a slight loss of the lustre,
formation of hard and soft deposits on the surface,
thin films of oxides, sulphides or chlorides,
first step of corrosion,
42
43. Corrosion
disintegration of a metal by reaction with its environment
stain or discoloration arises from pigment producing bacteria, drugs, chemicals
and absorbed food debris
although deposits are the main cause of the tarnish in the oral environment
surface discoloration may also arise on a metal from the formation of thin films
such as oxides, sulfides, or chlorides
e.g. rusting of iron, a complex chemical reaction in which iron combines with
oxygen in air and water to form hydrated oxide of iron
43
45. Dry/Chemical corrosion
direct combination of metallic and non-metallic elements
electrolytes are absent, e.g. oxidation, halogenations, sulfurization
less susceptible to occur in the mouth
oxidation of metal surface during soldering and heat treatment procedures
45
46. Wet/Electrolytic corrosion
corrosion occurs in presence of water or some other liquid electrolytes
Galvanic cell corrosion
Heterogeneous surface composition
Stress corrosion
Concentration cell corrosion
46
47. Galvanic cell corrosion
difference in potential between dissimilar restoration in opposing or adjacent
tooth
Galvanic shock, pain sensation caused by electric current generated by a
contact between two dissimilar metal forming a galvanic cell in oral environment
47
48. Heterogeneous surface composition
different compositions of the metal surface, Ex.eutectic and peritectic alloys
metallic grains with the less electrode potential are attacked and corrosion
results, Ex. amalgam restorations with polished and unpolished area
48
49. Stress corrosion
combined effect of mechanical stress and corrosive environment
usually in form of cracking
ex. burnishing produces the localized stress in some part of structure
if stressed metal is in contact in an electrolyte the stressed area will become
anode and will corrode
49
50. Concentration cell corrosion
homogeneous metal or alloy can undergo electrolytic corrosion when there is a
difference in electrolyte concentration across the specimen
ex. a metallic restoration which is partly covered by food debris will differ from
that of saliva, and this can contribute to the corrosion of the restoration
50
51. Protection against corrosion
a thin, adherent, highly protective film : passive metals
a thin surface oxide forms on chromium, is e.g. of a passivating metal, stainless
steel contain sufficient amounts of chromium to passivate the alloy
avoid using dissimilar metals
warned against using household bleaches for partial denture framework
the surface of any dental restoration should be smooth, lustrous, polished,
provides easier cleaning and prevents accumulation of debris
51