The document discusses the mechanical properties of dental materials. It defines mechanical properties as those defined by the laws of mechanics, including forces and their effects on materials. Mechanical properties need to be considered collectively based on the intended application of the material. The success of any dental restoration depends on the mechanical properties of the material used. Key mechanical properties discussed include stress, strain, strength, elastic modulus, resilience, toughness, ductility and hardness. Various testing methods are used to evaluate these properties.
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A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
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Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHemavathi N
Mechanical properties are defined by the laws of mechanics i.e. the physical science dealing with forces that act on bodies and the resultant motion, deformation, or stresses that those bodies experiences.
Mechanical properties are usually expressed in units of stress and/or strain.
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Mechanical properties of dental materials/ orthodontic course by indian denta...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Mechanical properties of dental materials / dental courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Mechanical Properties of Dental MaterialsHemavathi N
Mechanical properties are defined by the laws of mechanics i.e. the physical science dealing with forces that act on bodies and the resultant motion, deformation, or stresses that those bodies experiences.
Mechanical properties are usually expressed in units of stress and/or strain.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Mechanical properties of dental materials/ orthodontic course by indian denta...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Physical and mechanical properties and its application in orthodonticshardik lalakiya
Hai this is very interesting topic for the dental students and also for the PG of orthodontics .So just have a glance over it and always your suggestions are heartly welcome.please free to suggest and make necessary suggestions.
Physical and mechanical properties and its application in orthodonticsHardik Lalakiya
This is a nice seminar about the physical and mechanical properties and some nice images and almost some good concepts are there so just watch this and any suggestions are heartly welcome feel free to advise and suggest thanks.
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Orthodontic archwires /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Mechanical properties 2
1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF
DENTAL MATERIALS
By
Dr Khawaja Rashid Hassan
Assistant Professor
RAWAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
RAWAL COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
ISLAMABAD
1
2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
DENTAL MATERIALS
Defined by the laws of mechanics.
The physical science that deals with energy
and forces and their effects on the bodies.
Mechanical properties need to be
considered collectively.
Intended application of a material is
important.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
DENTAL MATERIALS
Failure or success potential of any
prosthesis / restoration is dependent upon
the mechanical properties of the material.
The material response may be,
1. Elastic …. reversible on force removal.
2. Plastic …… Irreversible / non-elastic.
Mechanical properties are expressed in
terms of stress and/or strain.
4. MASTICATORY FORCES
Tooth Average
Occlusal forces force (N)
applied by adult
dentition is greatest in Second 800
posterior region. molar
In growing children First molar 390
there is an average
annual increase in Bicuspids 288
force of 22 N.
Cupids 208
Denture wearers only
apply 40% of the Incisors 155
forces given in table.
4
5. STRESS
When a force acts on the body, a resistance is
developed to the external force applied.
This internal reaction is equal in
magnitude/intensity and opposite in direction
to the applied force and is called as “STRESS”
Denoted by “S” or “σ”
Designated as force per unit area (σ=N/m²)
Pascal = 1 N / m².
Commonly stress is reported in terms of
megaPascals.
6. STRAIN
Relative deformation of an object that is
subjected to stress.
It is change in length per unit length.
It may be elastic, plastic or both elastic and
plastic.
It is denoted by “ε”
Designated as ∆L / L.
7. TYPES OF FORCES APPLIED
Generally, the force applied may be
1. Axial (tensile or compressive)
2. Shear (sliding, rubbing)
3. Bending (bending movement)
4. Tortional (twisting movement)
8. TYPES OF FORCES APPLIED
Tension results when a body is subjected to
two sets of forces directed away from each
other in a straight line. Force is directed
away from the objcet.
Compression results when the body is
subjected to two sets of forces directed
towards each other in a straight line.
10. TYPES OF FORCES APPLIED
Shear is a result of two sets of forces
directed parallel to each other , but not
along the same straight line.
Torsion results from the twisting of the
body.
Bending results by applying bending
movement.
11. TYPES OF STRESSES
3 simple types.
1. TENSILE STRESS:
causes the body to stretch or elongate.
Tensile stress is always accompanied by
tensile strain.
2. COMPRESSIVE STRESS:
causes the body to shorten or compress.
Compressive
3. SHEAR STRESS:
resist the sliding or twisting of one portion of
the body over another.
12. TYPES OF FORCES APPLIED
Complex stresses
FLEXURAL STRESS:
Also called as bending stress.
Produced by bending forces over the
dental appliance.
Application of shear force may produce
elastic shear strain or plastic shear strain.
13. Hooke's Law
Hooke's Law states that "within the
limits of elasticity the strain produced by a
stress (of any one kind) is proportional to
the stress".
The stress at which a material ceases to
obey Hooke's Law is known as the limit of
proportionality.
13
14. Hooke's Law
Hooke's law can be expressed by the
formula
stress / strain = a constant.
The value of the constant depends on the
material and the type of stress. For tensile
and compressive forces it is called Young's
modulus, E; for shearing forces, the shear
modulus, S; and, for forces affecting the
volume of the object, the bulk modulus, K.
14
15. PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
It is the maximum stress at which the
stress is equivalent/proportional to strain
and above this limit the plastic
deformation of a material occurs.
The material may be subjected to any
type of applied force.
15
16. STENGTH
Strength is the maximum stress that a
material can withstand without sustaining
a specific amount of plastic strain.
OR
Stress at the point of fracture.
16
17. STRENGTH PROPERTIES
ULTIMATE TENSILE STENGTH :
Simply called as TENSILE STRENGTH.
It is defined as the Tensile stress at the
point of fracture.
YIELD STRENGTH :
It is the stress at which a test specimen
exhibits a specific amount of plastic strain.
Used in the conditions when proportional
limit cannot be determined with accuracy.
17
18. STRENGTH PROPERTIES
SHEAR STRENGTH:
Maximum shear stress at the point of
fracture.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH:
Defined as “force per unit area at the
point of fracture of a specimen that is
subjected to flexural loading”
Also called as “BENDING STRENGTH” or
“MODULUS OF RUPTURE”
18
19. STRENGTH PROPERTIES
FATIGUE STRENGTH:
Determined by subjecting a material to cyclic
stress of maximum known value and
determining the number of cycles required to
cause failure of the material.
Maximum service stress (endurance limit) can be
maintained without failure over an infinite
number of cycles.
Endurance limit is lower for materials with brittle
and rough surface.
19
20. STRENGTH PROPERTIES
FATIGUE STRENGTH:
Dental restorative materials may exhibit static
fatigue failure or dynamic fatigue failure.
Depends upon the nature of loading or residual
stress situations.
Failure begins as a flaw that propagates till the
catastrophic fracture occurs.
20
21. STRENGTH PROPERTIES
IMPACT STRENGTH:
Impact is the reaction of a stationary
object to a collusion with a moving body.
Impact strength is defined as energy
required to fracture a material under an
impact force.
The energy units are joules.
21
22. ELASTIC MODULUS
Also called as modulus of elasticity or Young’s
modulus.
It is the relative stiffness or rigidity of a material.
Measured by the slope of the elastic region of
the stress strain curve.
If a tensile or compressive stress (below the
proportional limit) is divided by corresponding
strain value, a constant of proportionality will be
obtained.
22
23. ELASTIC MODULUS
Unaffected by the amount of elastic or
plastic stress induced in the material.
Independent of ductility of a material.
The lower the strain for a given
stress, greater will be the elastic modulus.
E.g. two wires of same shape and size.
Polyether impression materials.
Unit is Giganewtons/m² (GPa).
23
24. FIRST MONTHLY CLASS TEST
THEORY PAPER TOPICS:
3RD MAY 2012 1) INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL
(THURSDAY) MATERIALS
2) SELECTION & EVALUATION
LECTURE TIMING OF DENTAL MATERIALS.
3) BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF
DENTAL MATERIALS.
VIVA
4) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
4TH
MAY 2012 DENTAL MATERIALS.
(FRIDAY) 5) MACHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF DENTAL MATERIALS
TUTORIAL TIMINGS
24
25. STRESS-STRAIN CURVE
For materials in which strain is
independent of the length of time that a
load is applied “ STRESS STRAIN CURVES“
are important.
25
26. ANALYSIS FOR A STRESS STRAIN
CURVE
STIFFNESS & FLEXIBILITY
1) If longitudinal portion of the curve is
closer to the long axis the material is stiff
& not flexible.
2) If it is away from the long axis the
material is flexible.
26
27. ANALYSIS FOR A STRESS STRAIN
CURVE
TOUGHNESS & BRITTLENESS
1) If material fractures after a long concave
portion of the curve, it donates that the
material is tough & ductile.
2) If elastic portion of the curve is minimal,
it shows the brittleness of the material.
27
28. ANALYSIS FOR A STRESS STRAIN
CURVE
STRNGTH & WEAKNESS
If longitudinal portion of curve is longer,
means that the material is strong.
If longitudinal portion is short the material
is weak.
HENCE FROM THE ANALYSIS OF THE
STRESS STRAIN CURVE IT IS
POSSIBLE TO HAVE AN IDEA ABOUT
THE PROPERTIES OF A MATERIAL. 28
29. STRAIN TIME CURVES
For materials in which the strain is
dependent upon the time for which the
load is being applied “STRAIN TIME
CURVES” are mor useful in explaining the
properties of a material than stress strain
curves.
Examples:
Alginate & rubber base impression
materials, dental amalgam & human
dentin.
29
32. Dynamic Young’s Modulus
Can be measured by dynamic method.
Ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse
wave transducers and appropriate
receivers are used.
The velocity of sound wave and density of
material are used to calculate elastic
modulus.
32
33. RESILIENCE
The amount of elastic energy per unit
volume released when the stress is
removed.
With increase in interatomic spacing the
internal energy increases.
Until the stress is lower than proportional
limit, the energy is called as RELILIENCE.
33
34. TOUGHNESS
Amount of elastic and plastic deformation
energy required to fracture a material.
Measured by the area under the elastic region of
the stress strain curve.
Toughness increases with increase in strength
and ductility.
Tough materials are generally strong.
Resistance of a brittle material to propagation of
flaws under an applied stress (FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS)
34
35. DUCTILITY and MALLEABILITY
DUCTILITY:
Ability of a material to deform plastically
under a tensile stress before fracture. e.g.
metal drawn readily into long thin wires.
MALLEABILITY:
The ability of a material to sustain plastic
deformation, without fracture under
compression.
35
36. DUCTILITY and MALLEABILITY
Gold is the most ductile and malleable
pure metal, followed by silver.
Platinum is ranked third in ductility.
Copper ranks third in malleability.
36
37. HARDNESS
In mineralogy, relative hardness of a
substance is based upon its ability to resist
scratching.
In metallurgy and mostly in all other
disciplines, hardness is defined as
resistance to indentation.
Designated as
KNOOP HARDNESS NUMBER.
BRINELL HARDNESS NUMBER.
VICKERS HARDNESS NUMBER. 37
ROCKWELL HARDNESS NUMBER.
38. TERMS TO REMEMBER
Shapes produced by indentors
On materials
KNOOP HARDNESS VICKERS
TEST HARDNESS
TEST
BRINELL &
ROCKWELL
38 HARDNESS TEST