Adobe Photoshop is the dominant image editing software. It allows users to edit raster images using pixels and contains tools for selection, modification, and transformation of images. Key features include layers, which allow separation of images and manipulation without affecting other layers, and powerful selection tools. Photoshop can also be used for type handling and contains vector tools, though images are rasterized upon saving.
Introduction, graphics primitives :Pixel, resolution, aspect ratio, a frame buffer. Display devices, and applications of computer graphics.
Scan conversion - Line drawing algorithms: Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA), Bresenham’s Circle drawing algorithms: DDA, Bresenham’s, and Midpoint.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction, graphics primitives :Pixel, resolution, aspect ratio, a frame buffer. Display devices, and applications of computer graphics.
Scan conversion - Line drawing algorithms: Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA), Bresenham’s Circle drawing algorithms: DDA, Bresenham’s, and Midpoint.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Chapter 3 2
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Film-based photography was the
foundation for graphic reproduction
starting in early 1900s
Raster/paint software developed to work
with scanned images
Adobe Photoshop: Dominant image-
editing program and electronic painting
software program in world
Raster/Paint Software
4. Chapter 3 4
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Bitmap-based application
– Every image made up of a series of dots
called pixels
Wide range of tools to adjust and correct
color, contrast and dynamic range
Powerful type handling tools
Capable of handling web-based graphics
Photoshop: An Overview
5. Chapter 3 5
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Film-based images
Scanners
Digital Image Capture
How Are Photographic
Images Created?
6. Chapter 3 6
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Film-based Images
Emulsions
Prints
Transparency film
9. Chapter 3 9
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Raster art or Bitmapped art
– Series of dots arranged in a grid
– Dots vary in value and color
Resolution
Color Models
File formats
Resolution and Color
10. Chapter 3 10
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Resolution
Number of dots that make up an image
Raster images are resolution dependent
Four ways to measure resolution
– LPI: Lines per inch
– SPI: Spots per inch
– DPI: Dots per inch
– PPI: Pixels per inch
11. Chapter 3 11
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Color Models
Three important color models
RGB as a design tool
– Red, green, blue
– Additive primary colors
CMYK for color correction
– Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
– Subtractive color
Grayscale
12. Chapter 3 12
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Open and Save Files
Working with Documents
File>New
– Size
– Orientation: Portrait or Landscape
– Color Mode: Another name for color model
– Background contents
File>Open
File>Save
File>Save As
File>Save for web
13. Chapter 3 13
Introduction to Computer Graphics
File Formats
.PSD: Photoshop Document
– Native Photoshop format,
– Preserves layers
– Access to all tools
and commands
14. Chapter 3 14
Introduction to Computer Graphics
File Formats
.TIF: Tagged Image File Format
– Any resolution, grayscale or color
– Generally used for graphics files to be printed
.EPS: Encapsulated Postscript
– Specialized format for bitmap or vector graphics
.JPG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
– Compressed image format
– Often used for complex photographic images
.GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
– Used specifically for the Web
15. Chapter 3 15
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Everyday Tools
and Commands
Photoshop interface similar to Illustrator
Rulers and Guides used to position
elements on the page
Toolbox basics
16. Chapter 3 16
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Toolbox
Divided into 4 main areas
– Selection tools
– Cropping tools
– Modification tools; clone stamp, history brush,
eraser, gradient, blur/sharpen tools
– Vector/type tools
– Miscellaneous tools; eyedropper, zoom tools
17. Chapter 3 17
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Selection Tools
Main selection tools: Marquee selection
tools, Move tool, Lasso tools, Magic
Wand tool, and Slice tool
Crop tool is part of main selection tools,
to reduce
file size as
well as a
design
decision
tool
18. Chapter 3 18
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Modification Tools
Manipulate images in various ways
Fix damaged photographs
Paint or draw on images
Copy parts of images
Restore pixels deleted or erased
Color gradients
19. Chapter 3 19
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Vector/Type Tools
Although primarily used to work with
bitmapped images, Photoshop contains a
comprehensive array of type and vector-
based tools
Vector/type tools similar to Illustrator
Eventually the vector shapes are
converted to dots when file is saved to a
format other than native .psd
20. Chapter 3 20
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Miscellaneous Tools
Perform a variety of tasks such as
magnification, color identification in a
specific area of an image, and electronic
sticky-type notes
21. Chapter 3 21
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Modify only a portion of an image
Create photomontage that use only pieces
of images
Selection tools include
– Marquee selection tools
– Lasso tools
– Magic wand tool
The Power of Selection!
23. Chapter 3 23
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Rectangles or squares
Ovals or circles
Single row pixels horizontally and vertically
Marquee Selection Tool
24. Chapter 3 24
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Surround portion of image with a line
Accuracy of selection depends on accuracy
of mouse movements or pen and tablet
Three variations
– Lasso
– Magnetic Lasso
– Polygonal Lasso
Lasso Tools
25. Chapter 3 25
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Attempts to select a range of values,
based on 256 color values
Tolerance lets you set the range of values
– Smaller tolerance number; the narrower the
value range (color and shades) of the selection
– Higher tolerance numbers; the wider the value
range of a selection
Tool works best is image has well defined
areas of value
Magic Wand Tool
26. Chapter 3 26
Introduction to Computer Graphics
It All Works with Layers
Using layers, Photoshop separates
multiple images onto transparent layers
Can manipulate each layer without
affecting other images in project
Layer Effects can add excitement and
dynamics to design
27. Chapter 3 27
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Working with Layers
Layers palette is control center for
layers in a file
Background layer has special properties
Can add, delete, duplicate layers
Change layering order
28. Chapter 3 28
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Layers Effects
Special effects to add visual impact, such
as blending, drop shadows, color
overlays, bevel and emboss
29. Chapter 3 29
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Transformation tools give power and
control over images
Healing Brush and Patch tools
Clone Stamp tool
Eraser tool
Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge tools
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge tools
Transforming Images
30. Chapter 3 30
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Use brush size to regulate selected and
modified area
Valuable for fixing old
and/or damaged photos
Areas repaired blend
in with adjoining areas
Healing Brush and Patch
Tools
31. Chapter 3 31
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Samples a particular
section of an image
and recreates it over
and over again
Also used to cover
up areas of a photo
with different imagery
Clone Stamp Tool
32. Chapter 3 32
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Alters specific parts of
an image
Works by clicking and
dragging mouse
Options allow
fine-tuning of tool
effect
Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge
Tools
33. Chapter 3 33
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Related to
traditional film-
based photography
Burn tool
darkens an
image; Dodge tool
lightens it
Sponge heightens
or mutes color
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge
Tools
34. Chapter 3 34
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Photoshop Has
Too Much Fun with Type
Dedicated Type Layer
Similar to vector-draw programs
Character palette lets you change
– Type size
– Leading
– Alignment
35. Chapter 3 35
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Photoshop Has
Too Much Fun with Type
Transformation tools work on type too!
Layer effects applied to type
Warp type: still remains editable after warp
effect is applied
36. Chapter 3 36
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Designers don’t normally output
Photoshop directly from application
More often imported into another
application, then output from there
Print preview dialog box allows for
selection of printer, number of copies,
scaled outputs and output modes
How Photoshop Files Are
Output
37. Chapter 3 37
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Photoshop lets you color-manage the
output to create more consistent color
output between different devices
Printing Tools in Photoshop