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Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
This document provides an overview of key photography concepts including the three pillars of proper exposure: shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. It discusses how adjusting these settings allows photographers to control the amount of light in an image while also achieving different creative effects. Examples are given showing how shutter speed can freeze or blur motion, how aperture impacts depth of field, and how ISO settings affect image quality versus noise. Different lighting techniques like natural window light versus flash are also covered. The document emphasizes composition best practices such as using the rule of thirds and considering perspective and leading lines to make images more engaging.
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Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
- 1. Photography A small sipfrom a firehose!
- 2. Digital Single LensReflex Camera (DSLR Camera) Aperture Light Sensor Shutter Mirror
- 3. 3 Pillars toProper Exposure 1. Shutter Speed 2. Aperture 3. ISO
- 4.
- 5. Shutter Speed • Theamount of time the shutter (curtain) is open to allow light to expose the sensor (or film). – Expressed in seconds or fractions or a second • For example 1/400 sec. – Doubling or halving = 1 full stop of light • For example, 1/800 is 1 stop down from 1/400 • The faster the shutter speed, the less light is allowed to hit the sensor.
- 6. Aperture • The openingin the lens that controls the amount of light that enters the body of the camera. – Expressed in f numbers • For example f5.6 – The larger the number, the smaller the opening • F22 is a smaller hole than f5.6 • Each “stop” is represents ½ the light (or double) – Full stops are: f 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32
- 7. ISO • The expressionof the sensor’s (or film’s) sensitivity to light. – Expressed as ISO • For example ISO 400 – or 400 ISO. – Doubling (or halving) equals 1 full stop of light • For example ISO 200 is 1 stop down from ISO 400.
- 8. Baseline Exposure Sample We’llassume that this is the proper exposure for the following exercise. Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400
- 9. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = Shutter- 1/1000 Aperture- f8 ISO800
- 10. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = Shutter- 1/1000 Aperture- f5.6 ISO400
- 11. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = Shutter- 1/2000 Aperture- f4 ISO400
- 12. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f5.6 ISO200
- 13. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = ShutterAperture- f11 ISO-
- 14. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = Shutter- 1/250 ApertureISO-
- 15. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = ShutterAperture- f11 ISO-
- 16. Baseline Exposure Sample Thesesettings will yield exactly the same exposure! Shutter- 1/500 Aperture- f8 ISO400 = ShutterApertureISO1600
- 17. But why doI care?
- 18. Shutter Speed • Slowshutter speeds cause blur! – Hand-hold 1/focal length • Some lenses may have Vibration Reduction (VR) for Nikon and Image Stabilization (IS) for Canon. This is a useful too, but I don’t count on it!
- 19. 1/80 f4.5 ISO400 Focal Length 135mm
- 20. Shutter Speed • Slowshutters can be used for creativity as well. 5.8sec (tripod) f4.5 ISO 640 Focal Length 24mm
- 21. Shutter Speed • Fastshutter speeds freeze action! – Great for sports or creative shots • Normally require a lot of light or….what? 1/2500 f5.6 ISO 800 Focal Length 280mm
- 22. Shutter Speed • Fastshutter speeds freeze action! 1/4000 f8 ISO 800 Focal Length 210mm
- 23. Aperture (Depth of Field) •Wide open apertures (large aperture, small fstop) – Very shallow Depth of Field (DOF) • Small area of the subject will be in focus and background/foreground will be blurred
- 24. 1/200 f3.5 ISO4000 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
- 25. Aperture (Depth of Field) •Ultra Wide open apertures (large aperture, small fstop) – Extremely shallow Depth of Field (DOF) – Subject is a feature within the subject (single eye for example)
- 26. 1/6400 f1.4 ISO400 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
- 27. Aperture (Depth of Field) •Stopped down apertures (small aperture, larger fstop) – Wide Depth of Field (DOF) • Larger area of the subject will be in focus as will increasing amount of background/foreground.
- 28.
- 29. 1/3200 f14 ISO4000 Focal Length 105mm (fixed macro)
- 30. Aperture •Intentional use ofDOF – show/hide as you desire This table wasn’t ready to be photographed *as seen in Ceremony Magazine 1/400 f5 ISO 800 Focal Length 200mm
- 31. Aperture Intentional use ofDOF – makes focusing easier 1/4000 f8 ISO 800 Focal Length 500mm (pacing)
- 32. ISO Lower ISO =Better quality, lower noise 1/2500 f2.8 ISO 800 Focal Length 200mm
- 33. ISO Higher ISO =Lower quality, Higher noise 1/50 f2.8 ISO 25,600 Focal Length 98mm
- 34. ISO Higher ISO -Sometimes you just HAVE to! 1/30 f2.8 ISO 25,600 Focal Length 86mm
- 35. Light • Not alllight is created equal – Window light – Direct sunlight – Open Shade – Flash (on-camera, off-camera, studio) – Bulbs – Reflected – Diffused
- 36. Light • The BIGGERthe source, the better! – The sun is not a big source. – A large panel close to the subject is.
- 37.
- 38. Look at Eyesfor Lighting
- 39. On Camera Flash generallynot preferred •Very small source – small catch light •Harsh shadows •Good for snapshots at the beach or in direct sunlight situations. •Force your camera flash on.
- 40. Bounced On CameraFlash …better
- 41.
- 42.
- 43. Window Considered by manyto be the best!
- 44.
- 45. Reflector One of myfavorites for control
- 46. Composition • We seelife from somewhere around 5-6’. – Show the viewer something different than that. – They won’t know why the like it, they just will. – Get down on the ground. – Climb up in trees or on chairs. – Put the subject down on the ground.
- 47. Rule of Thirds •Says “Don’t center your subject.
- 48. Rule of Thirdsin Practice
- 49. Dare to bedifferent Take 1 normal & 1 “risky”
- 50. Rules are Madeto be Broken
- 51. Low Point ofView
- 52. High Point ofView
- 53.
- 54.
- 55. Don’t Do This! Youlose the story
- 56.
- 57. Multiple People •Avoid liningup eyes •Create triangles •If it bends, bend it!
- 58. Multiple People •Avoid liningup eyes •Create triangles •If it bends, bend it!
- 59. Multiple People •Avoid liningup eyes •Create triangles •If it bends, bend it!
- 60.