Photovoltaics convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from sunlight which can then be used to power equipment or charge batteries. Photovoltaic systems employ solar panels containing numerous solar cells to generate electrical power. Solar energy has advantages as a renewable and emission-free resource but also has disadvantages like intermittency and requiring large land areas for deployment.

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2. Introduction
• Photovoltaics are best known as a method for
generating electric power by using solar cells
to convert energy from the sun into a flow of
electrons by the photovoltaic effect.
• Solar cells produce direct current electricity
from sunlight which can be used
to power equipment or to recharge a battery.
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3. What is photovoltaic effect?
The photovoltaic effect is the creation of
voltage and electric current in a material upon
exposure to light.
The photovoltaic effect is closely related to
the photoelectric effect.
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4. • Photovoltaic system employs solar panels.
• Each comprising a number of solar cells, which
generate electrical power (DC).
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SOLAR
ENERGY
SOLAR
PANNEL
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY

5. Puzzles
• If a giraffe has two eyes, a monkey has two
eyes, and an elephant has two eyes, how
many eyes do we have?
• You have 10 coins….arrange them in 4 straight
lines such that each line contains 4 coins.
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6. Result
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8. PV installations
• Ground-mounted
• Rooftop mounted
• Wall mounted
The mount may be fixed, or use a solar
tracker to follow the sun across the sky
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9. Installed photovoltaic capacity through
2016
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Source: IEA-PVPS 2016 Snapshot of global
Photovoltaic markets, April 2017

10. Advantages as an energy source
• No pollution
• Its green renewable energy
• Require little maintenance
• Consumes little or no water
• No greenhouse gas emissions
• PV panels are silent producers of power
• Stabilize the cost of electricity generation
• Reduces the dependence on energy imports
• Solar energy is unlimited, is available worldwide
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11. Disadvantage of solar energy
• Intermittency issues
• Unpredictability
• Solar energy panels require additional
equipment
• They are fragile and can be damaged
• Low efficiency
• They require relatively large areas for
deployment.
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12. Working of a Solar Cell
• Photovoltaics : Direct conversion of light into
electricity at the atomic level.
• Some materials exhibit a property known as the
photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb
photons of light and release electrons.
• When these free electrons are captured, an
electric current results that can be used as
electricity
• Solar cells are made of the same kinds of
semiconductor materials, such as silicon, used in
the microelectronics industry.
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13. Working of a Solar Cell
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14. Working of a Solar Cell
• For solar cells, a thin semiconductor wafer is specially
treated to form an electric field, positive on one side
and negative on the other.
• When light energy strikes the solar cell, electrons are
knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor
material.
• If electrical conductors are attached to the positive
and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit, the
electrons can be captured in the form of an electric
current -- that is, electricity.
• This electricity can then be used to power a load, such
as a light or a tool.
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16. Allusion
• http://www.electrical-
installation.org/enwiki/Trends_and_benefits_
of_photovoltaic_energy
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics
• https://www.nwwindandsolar.com/solar-
power-in-seattle-and-the-northwest/how-do-
solar-systems-produce-energy/
• http://www.iea-pvps.org/
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