solar

1. A
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
SOLAR ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEMS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY
OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR
PRESENTED BY:
 SURAJ (2021053208)
 SURAJ SINGH (2021053209)
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. DEVESH KUMAR
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

2. PART-1
CONTENTS
Solar Energy
Solar energy utilization
Solar cell
Solar cell, solar panel, Solar module, solar array, Solar park
Types of solar cell
Construction & working of solar panel
Benefits & Limitation of Solar energy

3. Solar Energy
Solar Energy is energy (light or heat) that comes from the sun.
There are two basic categories of Solar Energy: 1) Solar Thermal- Using the sun’s
energy to heat things like your house, water, food, etc.
Solar Electric- Turning light from the sun directly into electricity, using solar panels.
What is a Solar Panel?
Solar Panels are commonly called Photovoltaic Panels (PV Panels)
Photo means light and voltaic means electricity.
Photovoltaic panels are made from Silicon which is the same material that makes up
sand.
Silicon is heated to extremely high temperatures at a factory, and then formed into
very thin layers.

4. Solar Energy
 When the sunlight hits the PV panel,
it moves around tiny particles of
silicon called electrons.
 The silicon electrons travel though
the wires that are built into the PV
panel to create energy!

5. Solar energy utilization

6. Solar panel
Solar power converts energy from the Sun into electrical energy. One way to do
this is with photovoltaic materials. These can be used to create an electric
current when they’re exposed to light. This is called the photovoltaic
effect. Photovoltaic cells or solar cells can do this. Manufacturers often put lots
of solar cells together to make solar panels.
A solar panel is made of solar cells sandwiched between layers of clear adhesive
film. In front of this is a layer of glass held by a frame. Behind is a layer of
aluminium called the backsheet which can conduct electricity. The electricity
generated by the solar cells leaves the solar panel at the junction box.

7. Solar cell, solar module, Solar panel, solar
array

8. Types of solar cell

9. Construction & working of solar panel
Solar cells are usually made from
silicon. Silicon is a naturally-occurring
chemical element. It is also
a semiconductor. Semiconductors can
act as both a conductor and
an insulator.
• A solar cell has two different layers
of silicon. One is called the P-Type
and the other is called the N-Type.
• The N-Type semiconductor can give
away electrons easily. This
semiconductor faces towards the
light.

10. Construction & working of solar panel
The P-Type semiconductor can receive extra electrons. We call the spaces for
these extra electrons “holes.” This semiconductor is underneath the N-Type one.
Photovoltaic effect

11. Photovoltaic Effect
The photovoltaic effect can be defined as being the appearance of a potential
difference (voltage) between two layers of a semiconductor slice in which the
conductivities are opposite, or between a semiconductor and a metal, under the
effect of a light stream.
Photovoltaic (PV) effect is a process by which PV cell converts the absorbed
sunlight energy into electricity. PV system operates with zero carbon-dioxide
emissions which has benefits for environmental safety.

12. Benefits of Solar energy storage system
Renewable Energy Source
Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar energy
is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and
is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other
sources of energy.
Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be
available to us for at least 5 billion years when according to scientists the sun is going
to die.
Reduces Electricity Bills
Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar
system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save on your bill
will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage.

13. Benefits of Solar energy storage system
Diverse Applications
Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can
generate electricity (photovoltaics) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be
used to produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distil water
in regions with limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space.
Solar energy can also be integrated into the materials used for buildings. Not long
ago Sharp introduced transparent solar energy windows.
Low Maintenance Costs
Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need to
keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times per year will do the
job. If in doubt, you can always rely on specialised cleaning companies, which offer
this service from around £25-£35.
Most reliable solar panel manufacturers offer 20-25 years warranty.

14. Limitations of Solar energy
Cost
The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. This includes paying
for solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and the installation. Nevertheless,
solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices
will go down in the future.
Weather-Dependent
Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the
efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to
effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a
noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that
solar energy cannot be collected during the night.

15. Limitations of Solar energy
Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries.
These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day
so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for using solar energy
all day long but it is also quite expensive.
Uses a Lot of Space
The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need,
as you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar PV panels require a lot
of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of solar panels
that you would like to have.

16. Limitations of Solar energy
Associated with Pollution
Although pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to other sources of
energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution. Transportation and installation of
solar systems have been associated with the emission of greenhouse gases.

17. PART-2
CONTENTS
Need of solar energy storage
Solar energy storage systems in world & in India
Various Methods to store solar energy
Solar energy as sensible heat storage system
Solar energy as latent heat storage system
Applications of solar energy storage systems
references

18. Need of solar energy storage
 Possible to deliver electrical load power demand when insolation is low
 During cloudy environment and at night
 Permit a better match between solar energy input and the demand output
 Be located close to the load, thereby minimizing the need for costly
transmission.

19. Solar power plant/Solar park in India
NAME PLANT LOCATION CAPACITY
Bhadla Solar Park Jodhpur district of Rajasthan
14000 acres
2055 MW
Pavagada Solar Park Palavalli, Karnataka
13000 acres
2000MW
Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
5932 acres
1000 MW
NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Park Anathapuram, Andhra Pradesh
7924 acres
1500 MW
Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Plant Rewa, Madhya Pradesh
1590 acres
750 MW

20. Various Methods to store solar energy
Solar energy storage
Chemical storage
Electrical storage
Thermal energy
storage
Electromagnetic
energy storage
Mechanical
energy storage
Pebble bed
storage
Latent heat
Sensible heat
Water storage
Battery storage
Inductor
storage
Capacitor
storage
Pumped hydro
electric storage
Thermochemical
Flywheel
Compressed air
Chemical

21. Solar energy as sensible heat storage system
 It involves a material that undergoes no change in phase over the temperature domain
encountered in process.
 Basic equation is
Qs= (mCp)s (T1-T2)
Where Qs is total thermal energy capacity for a cycle operating between T1 and T2.
Liquid media storage such as water, oil based fluids, molten salts etc. and solid media storage like
rocks, bricks, and metals etc.

22. Solar energy as latent heat storage system
 Phase change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas or vice versa. It provides a higher thermal
energy storage densities.
 Able to absorb or release large quantities of energy as latent heat at a constant temperature
by undergoing a phase change.
 Heat is stored in material when it melts and extracted from the material when it freezes.
 This type of material should have high latent heat, phase change must be reversible for large
number of cycle,low cost, high thermal conductivity etc.
 In this, like heat exchangers, the storage material is placed in long thin containers, and the gas
is passed through narrow spaces between tubes.

23. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar Pond
Solar air heaters
Solar cooker
Liquid Flat plate collectors
Concentrating collectors

24. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar Pond

25. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar Pond
A Solar Pond is a body of water that collects and stores solar energy.
Water warmed by the sun expands and rises as it becomes less dense.
Colder water moves down creating a natural convective circulation that mixes the water and
dissipates heat.
Its design reduces convection in order to store heat collected by pond.
Solar pond is situated in India in Bhuj, Gujarat.
Solar ponds are of two types:
1-Convective solar ponds
2-Non-Convective solar ponds

26. Applications of solar energy storage systems
SOLAR POND AND ITS DIFFERENT ZONE’S TEMPERATURE & SALINITY VARIATION
Application of Solar Pond:
Process heating
Grain drying
Water desalination
Refrigeration
Power generation

27. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar air heaters

28. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar air heaters
A solar air heater is a type of solar thermal system where air is heated in a
collector and either transferred directly to the interior space or to a storage
medium, such as a rock bin.
Solar air heaters use solar panels to warm air which is then conveyed into a
room. The basic components of a solar air heater include solar collector panels, a
duct system and diffusers. Systems can operate with or without a fan. Without a
fan the air is distributed by the action of a natural ventilation system.

29. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar cooker

30. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Solar cooker
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or
pasteurize drink and other food materials.
Basically, there are 3 types of solar cookers:
Box cookers.
Panel cookers.
Parabolic cookers.
Solar cooker works on the principle that sunlight warms the pot, which is used for
cooking the food. Now, this warming of the pot occurs by converting light energy to
heat energy. Concave mirrors are used in these types of cookers because these mirrors
reflect sunlight into a single focal point.

31. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Liquid Flat plate collectors

32. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Liquid Flat plate collectors
Flat plate collectors are the most widely used equipment in the solar energy field.
In order to gain the best results from such devices one has to understand their
mechanism very well. The low efficiency of solar collectors is due mainly to
the convection loss. This loss can be reduced either by using
transparent honeycomb structures, or by placing the aborber in a vacuum. It is not
possible to achieve a vacuum over an absorber surface in an ordinary flat plate
collector.

33. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Concentrating collectors

34. Applications of solar energy storage systems
Concentrating collectors
A solar collector that uses reflective surfaces to concentrate sunlight onto a small
area, where it is absorbed and converted to heat or, in the case of solar
photovoltaic (PV) devices, into electricity. Concentrators can increase the power
flux of sunlight hundreds of times.
Concentrating solar collectors are widely used for applications like large-scale
water desalination using multiple-effect distillation, cooling using absorption
chiller, large-scale cooking, industrial process heat, etc.