The document provides an overview of key concepts in linguistics, including: 1) Language is a uniquely human trait that distinguishes us from other species. 2) Linguistics involves the study of language as a system of communication, a medium for thought, and a social institution. 3) Key areas of linguistics include phonetics (the study of speech sounds), grammar, and the specialization of language capacities. 4) Phonetics describes the physiology of speech production and the physical properties of sounds. The International Phonetic Alphabet represents each speech sound.

1. LANGUAGE
Prepared by:
Rona Relojo- dela Rosa

2. The gift of
language is the
single human trait
that marks us all
genetically, setting
us apart from the
rest of life.

3. is a system of communication,
a medium for thought, a vehicle
for literary expression, a social
institution, a manner for political
controversy, a factor in nation
building.

4. 1. CREATIVE
(CREATIVITY)
allowing novelty and
innovation in response
to new experience,
situations, and
thoughts.

5. NOUN USE
1. leave the boat on
the beach
2. keep the airplane on
the ground
3. crush the aspirin
into powder
4. catch the fish with a
spear
5. make the child an
orphan
VERB USE
1. beach the boat
2. ground the
airplane
3. powder the
aspirin
4. spear the fish
5. orphan the child

6. Carton the eggs
put the eggs in the
carton
Hospital the patient
Put the patient in the
hospital

7. Jerome
Julia summered
midnighted in
in Paris.
the streets.
Kent wintered in
Andrea
Mexico.
nooned at the
Martin holidayed
restaurant.
in France.
Philip one o’
They
honeymooned in clocked at the
Hawaii.
airport.

8. Soleme- atomic particle
Solemic- the properties of
soleme
Solemicize-to make something
solemic
Solemicization- the process

9. 2.
GRAMMAR AND
LINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE

10. GRAMMAR
the mental system
that allows human
beings to form and
interpret the words
and sentences of
their language.

11. All
languages
have a
grammar

12. The two dogs
now see
several
kangaroos.

13. The goal of
contemporary
linguistic analysis is
not rank languages on
some imaginary scale
of superiority.

14. Linguistics is
descriptive,
not
prescriptive.

15. 3.
SPECIALIZATION

16. Human capacity
for speech is
superimposed on
already existing
biological
structures.

17. We do not need
to speak in
order to use
language.

18. Phonetics
The
Sounds
of
Language

19. Phonetics
the study of
speech sounds

20. Human Language
display a wide
variety of sounds ,
called phones or
speech sounds.

21. two ways of
approaching
phonetics

22. Articulatory
Phonetics
-the physiological
mechanism of speech
production
(how they are produced)

23. Acoustic
Phonetics
-deals with the
physics of speech
sounds
(their physical characteristics)

24. International
Phonetic Alphabet
-represent each
sound of human
speech with a single
symbol

25. Devised in the 19th Century to
help describe the sounds of
languages independently of a
language’s orthography
(writing system).
Under continuous revision.
Last major revision was in 1993.

26. A phonetic
alphabet
represents speech
in the form of
individual speech
sounds like p , s,
or m .

27. The Sound-Producing System

28. Larynxthe sound source where the
vocal cords are located.
Pharynxthe tube of the throat between
the oral cavity and the larynx.

29. The Sound
Classes
Vowels
Consonants
Glides – a type of sound that
shows properties of both consonants
and vowels

30. Places of
Articulation

31. Tongue
the primary
articulating
organ.

32. Each point at
which the
airstream can be
modified to
produce a
different sound.

33. Labial- Any sound made with
closure or near closure of the
lips
Bilabial- sounds involving
both lips ( peer, bin, mouth)
Labiodentals- sounds
involving the lower lip and
upper teeth ( fire, vow )

34. Dental -some phones are
produced with the tongue
placed against or near the
teeth.
Interdental – if the tongue is
placed between the teeth.
this , thy, thing

35. Alveolar – Within the oral
cavity,
a
small
ridge
protrudes from just behind
the upper front teeth, the
tongue mat touch or be
brought near this ridge.
top , deer , soap , zip
lip,
neck

36. Alveopalatal- just behind
the alveolar ridge, the roof
of the mouth rises sharply.
Show , measure
chip , judge
Palate- highest part of the
roof of the mouth

37. Velar
The soft are toward the
rear of the roof of the
mouth- velum
Sounds made with the
tongue in this position.
Call , guy , hang

38. MANNERS OF
ARTICULATION

39. The lips , tongue ,
velum , and glottis
can be positioned in
different ways to
produce different
sound types.

40. STOPS
are made with a
complete and
momentary closure of
airflow through the oral
cavity.
Span , ban , man

41. FRICATIVES
are consonants
produced with a
continuous airflow
through the mouth.
Fat , vat

42. AFFRICATES
When a stop is released,
the tongue moves
rapidly away from the
point of articulation.
noncontinuant
consonants show a slow
release of the closure
church , jump

43. LIQUIDS
Among the sounds
commonly found in
the world’s languages
are l and r.

44. Simple Vowels and
Diphthongs
English vowels are divided
into simple vowels and
diphthongs

45. Vowels
Pit , set , cat ,
dog , but , put

46. Diphthongs
are vowels that
exhibit a change in
quality within a
single syllable.
Say , buy , cow ,
ice , go , boy

47. Cat , black
met , bed

48. See , heat
hit , sitting

49. i:
Pete heat
leak cheap
scene ether
i
lip kipper
miss gin
chip grin

50. believe seen
live
pill
leave breathe
bin
quiz

51. 1. Tim’s team was licked
by the leaking roof.
2. Pip and Pete shipped
the sheep ships cheaply.
3. Those bins are for Bill
Beal’s beans.

52. 4. Does Jim still steal
Jill’s jeans?
5. Will Wheeler’s
team get many hits
in this heat?

53. 6. The girls snickered at
Jill and Jean’s sneakers.
7. Leaving the living
sinners at the scene,
Will Wheeler grieved.
8. Pick cherries at their
peak or Pete will see the
pits.

54. 9. Beach bins are
filled with field filler.
10. He’s giving his
healing pills to all the
sinners on the scene.