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1. MACHIAVELI
MARX
HEGEL
THE THINKING OF :
……………

2. “Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians
have nothing to lose, but their chains Workers of the world unite!”―Karl Marx
“Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor,
and lives the more, the more labor it sucks.”―Karl Marx Das Kapital (Capital:
Critique of Political Economy), 1867-1894
“Religion is the impotence of the human mind to deal with occurrences it
cannot understand.” ―Karl Marx
“In bourgeois society capital is independent and has individuality, while the
living person is dependent and has no individuality.” ―Karl Marx Das Kapital
(Capital: Critique of Political Economy), 1867-1894
“Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.” ―Karl Marx
German socialist philosophy: (1997 edition), Continuum Intl Pub Group
“Anyone who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are
impossible without feminine upheaval. Social progress can be measured
exactly by the social position of the fair sex, the ugly ones included.” ―Karl
Marx Letter to Kugelmann, December 12, 1868

3. “The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular
representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them.” ―Karl
Marx
“The first requisite for the happiness of the people is the abolition of religion.”
―Karl Marx
“The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private
property.” ―Karl Marx The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), Section 2
“History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce.” ―Karl Marx
“Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and
the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.”―Karl Marx
“From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.”―Karl Marx
The Criticism of the Gotha Program (1875)
“The meaning of peace is the absence of opposition to socialism.”―Karl Marx

4. “The production of too many useful things results in too many useless
people.”―Karl Marx
“What is the secular basis of Judaism? Practical need, self-interest.
What is the worldly religion of the Jew? Huckstering. What is his
worldly God? Money.”―Karl Marx
“The unity is brought about by force.” ―Karl MarxNotebook I, The
Chapter on Money, p. 70 - Grundrisse (1857)
“Experience praises as the most happy the one who made the most
people happy.”
―Karl Marx Writings of the Young Marx on Philosophy
“The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways.
The point, however, is to change it.” -Karl Marx Theses on Feuerbach
(1845), Thesis 11, Marx Engels Selected Works,(MESW), Volume I, p.
15; these words are also engraved upon his grave.

5. “The working men have no country. We cannot take away from them what
they have not got.”―Karl Marx Section 2, paragraph 51, lines 1-2 - The
Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848)
“Unlimited exploitation of cheap labour-power is the sole foundation of
their power to compete.”―Karl Marx Vol. I, Ch. 15, Section 8, pg.520 -
Das Kapital (Buch I) (1867)
“Colonial system, public debts, heavy taxes, protection, commercial wars,
etc., these offshoots of the period of manufacture swell to gigantic
proportions during the period of infancy of large-scale industry. The birth
of the latter is celebrated by a vast, Hero-like slaughter of the innocents.”
―Karl Marx
“Democracy is the road to socialism.” ―Karl Marx
“Greek philosophy seems to have met with something with which a good
tragedy is not supposed to meet, namely, a dull ending.”―Karl Marx Karl
Marx, Frederick Engels: Collected Works (1975 edition)

6. “In a higher phase of communist society... only then can the narrow horizon of
bourgeois right be fully left behind and society inscribe on its banners: from each
according to his ability, to each according to his needs.”―Karl Marx
“Landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed.” ―Karl
Marx
“Machines were, it may be said, the weapon employed by the capitalists to quell
the revolt of specialized labor.” ―Karl Marx Karl Marx: Selected Writings (2000
edition), Oxford University Press - ISBN: 9780198782650
“Necessity is blind until it becomes conscious. Freedom is the consciousness of
necessity.” ―Karl Marx
“The development of civilization and industry in general has always shown itself
so active in the destruction of forests that everything that has been done for their
conservation and production is completely insignificant in comparison.” ―Karl
Marx
“The history of all previous societies has been the history of class
struggles.”―Karl Marx

7. “The more the division of labor and the application of machinery extend, the more
does competition extend among the workers, the more do their wages shrink
together.”
―Karl Marx
“The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class.” ―Karl
Marx
The Communist Manifesto (2013 edition),
“We should not say that one man's hour is worth another man's hour, but rather
that one man during an hour is worth just as much as another man during an hour.
Time is everything, man is nothing: he is at the most time's carcass.” ―Karl Marx
“While the miser is merely a capitalist gone mad, the capitalist is a rational miser.”
―Karl Marx
“In place of the bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, shall
we have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for
the free development of all.” ―Karl Marx Section 2, paragraph 72 (last
paragraph) - The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848)

8. “In political practice, therefore, they join in all coercive measures against the
working class;and in ordinary life, despite the high-falutin phrases, they
stoop to pick up the golden apples, and to barter truth, love, and honour for
traffic in wool, beet-root sugar, and potato spirits.”―Karl Marx Section 3,
paragraph 9 - The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848)
No production without a need. But consumption reproduces the need.”
―Karl Marx
Introduction, p. 12 - Grundrisse (1857)
“But there is a devil of a difference between barbarians who are fit by nature
to be used for anything, and civilized people who apply them selves to
everything.”
―Karl Marx Introduction, p. 25 - Grundrisse (1857)
“My own contribution was: 1. to show that the existence of classes is merely
bound up with certain historical phases in the development of production; 2.
that the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat;
3. that this dictatorship itself constitutes no more than a transition to the
abolition of all classes and to a classless society.” ―Karl Marx

9. “Society does not consist of individuals; it expresses the sum of
connections and relationships in which individuals find themselves.” ―Karl
Marx The Grundrisse (1857–1858)
“[The effect of capitalist development is to] distort the worker into a fragment
of a man,... degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine, they
destroy the actual content of his labor by turning it into a torment.” ―Karl
Marx
Das Kapital vol. 1, Chapter 25 (1867) (translation by Ben Fowkes)
“The centralization of the means of production and the socialization of labor
reach a point at which they become incompatible with their capitalist
integument. This integument is burst asunder. The knell of capitalist private
property sounds. The expropriators are expropriated.”―Karl Marx Das
Kapital vol. 1, Chapter 32 (1867) (translation by Ben Fowkes)
“From the beginning, the Christian was the theorizing Jew; consequently,
the Jew is the practical Christian.”―Karl Marx
“Money is the alienated essence of man's work and existence; this essence
dominates him and he worships it.” ―Karl Marx

10. “Religion is the sign of the oppressed
creature, the sentiment of a heartless world,
and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the
opium of the people.” ―Karl Marx
“All our inventions have endowed material
forces with intellectual life, and degraded
human life into a material force.” ―Karl Marx
“The theory of the Communists may be
summed up in the single sentence: Abolition
of private property.” ―Karl Marx

11. Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel
Born: August 27, 1770
Died: November 14, 1831 (aged 61)
Nationality: German
Occupation: Philosopher
Bio: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German theological
philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism. His historicist
and idealist account of reality as a whole revolutionized European
philosophy and was an important precursor to Continental
philosophy and Marxism.

12. “The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing from history.”
―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“Genuine tragedies in the world are not conflicts between right and wrong.
They are conflicts between two rights.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“Nothing great in the world has ever been accomplished without
passion.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“History... is, indeed, little more than the register of the 'crimes, follies, and
misfortunes' of mankind. But what experience and history teach is this - that
peoples and governments have never learned anything from history, or
acted on principles deduced from it.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“What experience and history teach is this-that people and governments
never have learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced
from it.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of
thinking. To generalize means to think.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Hegel's Philosophy of Right

13. “Education is the art of making man ethical.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Hegel
“Governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on
principles deducted from it.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“I'm not ugly, but my beauty is a total creation.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Hegel
“The learner always begins by finding fault, but the scholar sees the positive
merit in everything.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“To him who looks upon the world rationally, the world in its turn presents a
rational aspect. The relation is mutual.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Lectures on the Philosophy of History
“We do not need to be shoemakers to know if our shoes fit, and just as little
have we any need to be professionals to acquire knowledge of matters of
universal interest.”
―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

14. “When liberty is mentioned, we must always be careful to observe whether
it is not really the assertion of private interests which is thereby
designated.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“Reading the morning newspaper is the realist's morning prayer. One
orients one's attitude toward the world either by God or by what the world
is. The former gives as much security as the latter, in that one knows how
one stands.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Miscellaneous writings of
G.W.F. Hegel
“To be aware of limitations is already to be beyond them.”- Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel
“The Catholics had been in the position of oppressors, and the Protestants
of the oppressed”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel The German
Constitution
“The true is the whole.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

15. “The person must give himself an external sphere of freedom in order to have
being as Idea.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“The science of religion is one science within philosophy; indeed it is the final
one. In that respect it presupposes the other philosophical disciplines and is
therefore a result.”
―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Lectures on Philosophy of Religion
“Life has a value only when it has something valuable as its object.”―Georg
Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Lectures on the Philosophy of History
“The History of the world is none other than the progress of the consciousness of
Freedom; a progress whose development according to the necessity of its
nature, it is our business to investigate.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
HegelLectures on the Philosophy of History
“This final aim is God's purpose with the world; but God is the absolutely perfect
Being, and can, therefore, will nothing but himself.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Hegel

16. “Science and knowledge, especially that of philosophy, came from the
Arabs into the West.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Lectures on the
Philosophy of History
“The East knew and to the present day knows only that One is Free; the
Greek and the Roman world, that some are free; the German World
knows that All are free. The first political form therefore which we
observe in History, is Despotism, the second Democracy and
Aristocracy, the third, Monarchy.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
“What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational.”―Georg
Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Philosophy of Right
“If you want to love you must serve, if you want freedom you must
die.”―Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

17. “God is, as it were, the sewer into which all contradictions flow.”―Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel

18. Niccolo machiavelli
Born: May 3, 1469
Died: June 21, 1527 (aged 58)
Nationality: Italian
Occupation: Writer
Bio: Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an Italian
historian, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer based in
Florence during the Renaissance. A founder of modern
political science, he was a diplomat, political philosopher,
playwright, and a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. He
also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry.

19. “A prudent man should always follow in the footsteps of great men and imitate
those who have been outstanding. If his own prowess fails to compare with theirs,
at least it has an air of greatness about it.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“For the great majority of mankind are satisfied with appearance, as though they
were realities and are often more influenced by the things that seem than by those
that are.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli
“There are three kinds of intelligence: one kind understands things for itself, the
other appreciates what others can understand, the third understands neither for
itself nor through others. This first kind is excellent, the second good, and the third
kind useless.”
―Niccolo MachiavelliThe Prince (1513), Ch. XXII
“God is not willing to do everything, and thus take away our free will and that
share of glory which belongs to us.”―Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince

20. “The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he
has around him.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli
“He who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli The historical, political, and diplomatic writings
“Politics have no relation to morals.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“God creates men, but they choose each other.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, for everyone can see
and few can feel. Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what
you are.”―Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince
“A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promise.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli
The Prince (1513)

21. “It is double pleasure to deceive the deceiver.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“It is not titles that honor men, but men that honor titles.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“The promise given was a necessity of the past: the word broken is a necessity of
the present.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Occasionally words must serve to veil the facts. But let this happen in such a way
that no one become aware of it; or, if it should be noticed, excuses must be at
hand to be produced immediately.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and those
few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majesty
of the state to defend them.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince

22. “Men never do good unless necessity drives them to it; but when they are free
to choose and can do just as they please, confusion and disorder become
rampant.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Whoever desires to found a state and give it laws, must start with assuming
that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature, whenever
they may find occasion for it.”―Niccolo Machiavelli Discourse upon the First
Ten Books of Livy
“A wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his
interests.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Hatred is gained as much by good works as by evil.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Hence it comes about that all armed Prophets have been victorious, and all
unarmed Prophets have been destroyed.”―Niccolo Machiavelli

23. “I'm not interested in preserving the status quo; I want to overthrow it.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli
“If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance
need not be feared.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Men are so simple and so much inclined to obey immediate needs that a
deceiver will never lack victims for his deceptions.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Men rise from one ambition to another: first, they seek to secure themselves
against attack, and then they attack others.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“One who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be
deceived.”―Niccolo Machiavelli

24. “Princes and governments are far more dangerous than other elements within
society.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“The fact is that a man who wants to act virtuously in every way necessarily
comes to grief among so many who are not virtuous.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“There is no surer sign of decay in a country than to see the rites of religion
held in contempt.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or
more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new
order of things.”―Niccolo Machiavelli

25. “War should be the only study of a prince. He should consider peace only as a
breathing-time, which gives him leisure to contrive, and furnishes as ability to
execute, military plans.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“Where the willingness is great, the difficulties cannot be great.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli -The Prince (1513)
“Whosoever desires constant success must change his conduct with the times.”
―Niccolo Machiavelli
“In judging policies we should consider the results that have been achieved
through them rather than the means by which they have been
executed.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“The best fortress which a prince can possess is the affection of his people.”
―Niccolo Machiavelli Ch.20 - The Prince (1513)

26. “There are three classes of intellects: one which comprehends by itself; another
which appreciates what others comprehend; and a third which neither
comprehends by itself nor by the showing of others; the first is the most
excellent, the second is good, and the third is useless.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
The Prince (1513)
“So in all human affairs one notices, if one examines them closely, that it is
impossible to remove one inconvenience without another emerging.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli
“The end of the republic is to enervate and to weaken all other bodies so as to
increase its own body.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“When neither their property nor their honor is touched, the majority of men live
content.”―Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince

27. “Nothing is more difficult to transact, nor more dubious to succeed, nor more
dangerous to manage, than to make oneself chief to introduce new orders.
Because the introducer has for enemies all those whom the old orders benefit,
and has for lukewarm defenders all those who might benefit by the new orders.”-
Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince
“For as laws are necessary that good manners may be preserved, so there is
need of good manner that laws may be maintained.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli
“If the course of human affairs be considered, it will be seen that many things
arise against which heaven does not allow us to guard.”―Niccolo Machiavelli
“And if, to be sure, sometimes you need to conceal a fact with words, do it in
such a way that it does not become known, or, if it does become known, that you
have a ready and quick defense.” ―Niccolo Machiavelli

28. “Men as a whole judge more with their eyes than with their hands.”―Niccolo
Machiavelli
“Men are so simple, and yield so much to necessity, that he who will deceive
will always find him who will lend himself to be deceived.”―Niccolo Machiavelli