Karl Marx was a 19th century philosopher who developed the theories of communism and socialism. He believed that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict between the bourgeoisie (the owners of capital) and the proletariat (workers). This will culminate in revolution and the establishment of a socialist dictatorship of the proletariat, followed by a stateless, classless communist society. Marx outlined the historical stages from primitive communism to capitalism to socialism to communism. He argued capitalism concentrates wealth among the few and alienates workers, but is a necessary step toward the ultimate liberation of humanity under communism.

1. Basics of Marxism Leading to an Understanding of Communism Basnillo, Ruth Ann Angiwot, Jennifer Franco, Kim Nebres, Annaliza Rafael, Henry

2. Understanding Marx’s Theories

3. Karl Heinrich Marx born on May 5, 1818 Jewish Philosopher, Political Economist, Historian, Sociologist, converted as a Christian founder of communism died on March 14, 1883

4. Communist Manifesto published by Marx and Engels on behalf of a group idealistic workers originally drafted as a program for an international “communist league” become one of the most important political documents of all time left an incredible mark on human progress

5. Key Demands Abolition of property in land and application of all rents on land to public purposes. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. Abolition of all right of inheritance. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.

6. Key Demands Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly. Centralization of communication and transport in the hands of the state. Equal liability of all to labor. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.

7. Key Demands Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state, the bringing in cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.

8. Key Demands Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equable distribution of population over the country. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children's factory labor in its resent form.

9. Three Parts of Marxism Philosophical basis Derives much from Hegel Neatly inverts the key central idea of Hegelian perspective Theories of political economy Follow from the philosophical position Theory of Surplus Value Labor theory of Value Theory of revolution

10. A Materialist World our ideas do not make the world, the world makes are ideas the dialect made Marx and Engels theories scientific free of mysticism and metaphysics but describing something like a scientific “law” (inevitably)

11. Modernist Optimism a view that underneath the haphazard and contingent ordinariness of everyday life were certain dynamic power that while remaining hidden, controlled the way things changed and determine the future materialistic and positivistic believing in progress through an accumulated of knowledge

12. Class Struggles

13. Class Struggle active expression of class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Main class struggle Bourgeoisie Proletariat

14. Class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures social classes in capitalist societies Bourgeoisie Petite Bourgeoisie Proletariat lumpenproletariat landlords peasantry and farmers

15. 2 Main Class Struggles

16. Bourgeoisie those who own means of production control the process of production buy labor power from proletariat Their wealth depend on the work of the proletariat exploit proletariat

17. Proletariat individuals who sell their labor power add value to the products do not own means of production labor power generates surplus value greater than the worker's wages

18. Stages of Development

19. Stages of Development Primitive Communism Slave Society Feudalism Capitalism Socialism Communism

20. Primitive Communism as seen in cooperative tribal societies everyone would share in what was produced by hunting and gathering no private property primitive society produced no surplus few things that existed for any length of time were held communally there would have been no state

21. Slave Society when the tribe becomes a city-state. Aristocracy is born Systematic exploitation of labour Compelled to work for another held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labour

22. Feudalism aristocracy is the ruling class Merchants develop into capitalists derived from the Latin word feodum composed of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility revolving around the three key concepts lord Vassals fiefs

23. Capitalism ruling class, who create and employ the true working class Economic system in which the private ownership of property is protected by law mode of production characterized by predominant private ownership of the means of production distribution and exchange in a mainly market economy

24. has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism provided the main, but not exclusive, means of industrialization throughout much of the world Capitalism

25. Socialism Dictatorship of the Proletariat workers gain class consciousness share the belief that capitalism unfairly concentrates power achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution which represents the transitional stage between capitalism and communism

26. Communism classless and stateless society socioeconomic structure and political ideology based on common ownership of the means of production and property in general

27. The Prophecy Revolution would be preceded by a series of intensifying crisis Goods would be produced which the impoverished proletariat could not afford to buy More workers would be forced out of work because their labor was not needed

28. The Prophecy This would drive wages down further Lessen the ability of people to buy the products of capitalism Enterprises would collapse and be swallowed by larger organization in the centralization of capital

29. Class Status and World View

30. Class Identity of a social class is derived from its relationship to the means of production. Social Classes in Capitalist Societies Proletariat Bourgeoisie very wealthy Bourgeoisie Petit Bourgeoisie Lumpenproletariat Landlords Peasantry and farmers

31. Class Antagonism Hostility Between two antagonistic classes. Exploiters Exploited

32. Revolution

33. Capitalism’s Role Capitalism: constitutes necessary and progressive step toward ultimate human liberation > Cause: * Capitalists are alienated from their true human nature

34. Capitalism’s Role Capitalism cannot resolve the internal contradiction between its forces of production and its relation of production > Forces of production: actual material methods of production previously in a given society >Relations of Production: human side of the production process

35. Forces of production promises social wealth but relation of production remains unchanged. In short, capitalism produces the means of human liberation but prevents its realization

36. Rise of Revolutionary Consciousness in the boom and bust cycle of capitalism: 1. Poor becomes progressively poorer and their lives more intolerable. 2. Simple contrast with the bourgeoisie becomes too flagrant to be ignored because proletarian ranks have swelled.

37. Proletariat Victory to experience indignities of starvation— wages for years leads to outrage It becomes clear that capitalists are not honorable benefactors working class matures and becomes militant workers realize that their agonies are intrinsic to capitalist exploitation and that they will never be free unless capitalist system is smashed

38. Proletariat Victory Revolutionary moment arrives when the proletariat concludes that their bourgeoisie masters must be overthrown from sporadic, unsynchronized strikes, they will turn to well-orchestrated, economy-wide work stoppages and boycotts when repressive powers of the state are wielded against them—workers will be driven toward armed resistance In the end, the many will prevail over the few

39. Proletariat individuals who sell their labor power add value to the products do not own means of production labor power generates surplus value greater than the worker's wages

40. Proletariat as Universal Embodiment of everything that is wrong with capitalism very being refutes the bourgeoisies’ claim to have created a just and human society they do not wish to merely alleviate their own suffering their aim is to abolish themselves as a class because their degradation is limitless, and their dehumanization total, their aims are universal as well

41. Dictatorship of the Proletariat turns the table on what had been the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie for Marx, this would be more human and less dictatorial than its predecessor Role of the great majority over the few minority Coercive only in order to serve broad interests of humanity explicitly a transitional stage

42. DAWN OF COMMUNISM arrives when the workers: >take control of the means of production >humanize the relation of production >unleash the forces of production allowing them to work without impediment for the general good release of the forces of production for the destructions of capitalism will make for a quantum leap in human material abundance

43. WITHERING OF THE STATE results when a super-abundant, classless society would be a society without dissension or coercion > State would lose its functions > State would lack anyone to repress >in place would only be the administration of things for the general good proletariat will have abolished itself and created a universal society

44. FUTURE COMMUNIST SOCIETY Marx ideal communist society is democratic in a radical sense work, though it would still be necessary, would no longer be drudgery possessiveness would disappear as its cause, scarcity was overcome conception of cooperative public ownership will be a communist alternative to private ownership

45. FUTURE COMMUNIST SOCIETY No longer would individuals be appendages to their social belongings and social statuses family would be replaced by new forms of human association >equality, free choice, love, and human need are decisive there will be a creation of international working-class unity

46. Analysis Although Marxism is an alternative for capitalism was a great idea, we still found this not good. Our reason is that if the country which is not that advanced would grasp this concept and apply this; we would also have a hard time. The equality in democracy that we have today could be means of having the will to achieve something. If communism would be applied in the Philippines, then, most of us would just be dependent since we could still have something for our living due to the equal distribution of resources.