This is philosophical roots of education. There are five philosophies and four theories of education. Comprehensive philosophies such as idealism and realism. For educational theories such originate from philosophies and from arising practice on education, school, curriculum, teaching, and learning.

1. Philosophical Roots of
Education
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2. CONTENT
1- Introduction
2- Special Terminology
3- Idealism
4- Realism
5- Pragmatism
6- Existentialism
7- Postmodernism
8- Essentialism
9- Perennialism
10- Progressivism
11- Critical Theory
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3. INTRODUCTION
► Teachers must meet such immediate daily demands
as preparing lessons, assessing student performance,
creating and managing a fair reasonable classroom
environment because of their urgency.
► To become a reflective practitioner means that teachers
need to think philosophically about education’s broad cultural
and ethical effects.
► We can define a philosophy as the most general thinking
about the meaning of our lives in the world and reflecting deeply
on what is true or false, good or evil, right or wrong, and
beautiful or ugly.
► There are five philosophies and four theories of education.
Comprehensive philosophies such as idealism and realism. For
educational theories such originate from philosophies and from
arising practice on education, school, curriculum, teaching, and
learning.
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4. SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY
► Metaphysics
Examines the nature of ultimate reality. For what is real or
wrong. For example, idealist seeing the reality from in non
material, abstract, or spiritual terms. Realist seeing it’s an
objective order that exists independently of human kind.
► Epistemology
Deals with knowledge and knowing, influences methods of
teaching and learning. There is an importance difference
between transmitting knowledge about an originator reality that
exists prior to the student’s experience and encouraging student
to make or construct their own version of reality.
► Axiology
Advises values or what we should or should not do is subdivided
into ethics and aesthetic. Ethics examine moral values and
prescribe the standard of behavior. While Aesthetics address
values in beauty and in art.
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5. IDEALISM
► In philosophy, idealism is the group of philosophies which
emphasize that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is
mental, constructed, or immaterial. Idealism establishes as a
skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-
independent thing.
► Idealist believes that spiritual, non material world is ultimately
real. The person’s spiritual essence, or soul, is the permanent
element of human nature that gives individuals to think or feel.
► Idealist prescribes values are unchanging and applicable to all
people everywhere reflecting on knowledge and human cultures
i.e history, literatures, arts.
► Becoming logic when the whole to part relationship between the
absolute and individual mind bring in general principle or rules
on specific cases to illustrate them.
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6. REALISM
►Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE),
a student of Plato, developed Realism means reality is
outside our mind, or objective, not latent or internal
to our mind as Plato claimed.
►Believe in a material world that independent of an
external to the knower’s mind. All objects are
composed of matter. Matter is organized on the form
or structure of particular objects.
►Certain rules should govern intelligent rational
behavior. Aristotle defined human as rational
animals. Therefore, people are most human when
they act in rational ways, mean to make decisions
based on the knowledge.
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7. PRAGMATISM
► Claim an ideology or proposition is true if it works well, it
means of a proposition is to be found in the practical
consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas
are to be rejected.
► Defined as the interaction of a person with the environment, is a
key concept which relevant on social, cultural, and natural
constitute the process of living, growing, and developing.
► Pragmatism’s founders were Charles S. Peirce (1839-
1914), William James (1842-1910), George Herbert Mead
(1863-1931) , and John Dewey (1859-1952)
► Peirce emphasized using the scientific method to
validate idea empirically, James applied pragmatism to
psychology, religion, and education, Mead emphasized
that children development and learn through the
experience and the environment while Dewey called
pragmatism as experimentalism to education.
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8. EXISTENTIALISM
►A philosophy that emphasizes individual
existence, freedom and choice. It is the view
that humans define their own meaning in life,
and it encourages deep personal reflection on
one’s identity, commitment, and choices.
►An existentialist author Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980),
stated that “Existence precedes Essene” means the
role of human imagination as a way of knowing and
feeling.
► An existentialist teacher would encourage students to
philosophize, questions, and participate in dialogues
about the meaning of hope and fear, desires, living,
loving, and dying.
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9. POSTMODERNISM
► A philosophical direction which is skeptical of certain
foundational assumptions of Western philosophy, of the
18th-century Enlightenment, and of philosophy in general.
► It contends the modern period of history has ended and now human
live in a post modern era.
► German philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) and Martin
Heidegger (1899-1976), Nietzsche dismissed claim about the
universal truth and suggested that they were forced to replace myth
and supernatural belief with newer but equally false statement.
While Heidegger stated human beings constructed their own
subjects truth about reality from the intuition, perception, and
reflection as they interact with miracles.
► Teachers must first empower themselves as professional educators.
They have official statements about the school’s purpose,
curriculum, and organization as well as teacher role and mission
means being from pre service to practice in order to encourage
students to determine their own lives.
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10. ESSENTIALISM
► Establishes the school’s primary or essential function as keeping
the achievement of human civilization by transmitting them to
students as skilled and subjects in carefully organized
curriculum.
► William C. Bagley (1872-1946) one leading professor of
education, school should provide students with skill knowledge
to function in democratic society.
► Such disciplines might
: Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign
Languages, History, Mathematics, Science, Art,
and Music. Moreover, this traditional approach is meant
to train the mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a
common culture.
► As effective professional educator should (1) follow carefully
structured of basic skills and subjects, (2) instruct traditional
Western and American values of hard work, effort, punctuality, and
respect, (3) manage classroom effectively, efficiently, and fairly of
discipline and order, (4) promote students on basis of academic
achievement not social considerations.
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11. PERENNIALISM
► Shares many common features with essentialism such as using
subject matter to transmit the cultural heritage across
generations.
► Aimed in teaching students way of thinking that will secure
individual freedom, human right, and responsibility through the
nature and the transferring knowledge from older generation to
younger generation.
► Emphasize that in democratic society, students have the right to
have same high quality intellectual education. By tracking them
to deprive of the opportunity for high quality of education.
Focusing on the “Truth” opposes with others.
► To develop student’s reasoning power. To fulfill academic
mission, teachers need an education on liberal art and science
and need to read and discuss great books. Need a solid
background to be intellectual mentors and model for the
students.
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12. PROGRESSIVISM
►Believe that education should focus on the
whole child, rather than on the content or the
teacher. This educational philosophy stresses
that students should test ideas by active
experimentation.
►Focus on real-world problems solving and individual
development, learning through experiences,
knowledge is never statistic, natural learning process,
stage of development, sensitivity to interests rhythms,
and style of individual learning.
►Great deal teachers talk: expertise and instruction,
routine classroom management talk, description of
objects, people, diagram for pupil to draw, and story
telling with picture to better understanding. 12

13. CRITICAL THEORY
► A highly influential modern-day theory of education, urges a
hard critique of schools and society to uncover unequal power
relations and bring out the equity fairness, and social justice.
► To stress of the important of critique in ideology and situating
analysis of a topic like education within leading social relations
and system of political science among the society.
► Critical theorists want teachers: (1) find out who their real
friends are in the struggle for control of school (2) learn who
their students are by helping them explore their own self-
identity (3) work together with local people for school and
community improvements (4) join with like-minded teachers in
teacher-controlled professional organizations that work for
sincere educational reform (5) participate in critical dialogues
about political, social, economic, and educational issues that
challenge to real society.
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14. THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Q&A SESSION
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