Phi X 174 - 2.pptx
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This document discusses the bacterial virus Phi X 174 phage. It begins with an introduction to bacteriophages and their discovery. It then provides the taxonomic classification of Phi X 174, placing it in the family Microviridae. The document outlines the history of Phi X 174, including its early study and sequencing. It describes the morphology and genome organization of Phi X 174, including its circular single-stranded DNA genome of 5386 nucleotides that encodes 10 genes and 11 proteins. The life cycle of Phi X 174 is summarized, from attachment and entry, to replication, assembly of mature virions, and release through cell lysis.
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Viral assays allow for quantifying the number of animal viruses. While bacterial viruses can easily be grown, growing animal viruses is more difficult and expensive, often requiring whole animals or embryonating eggs. When animal cells grow as monolayers, a plaque assay can be used to count viruses by serially diluting the virus in a liquid medium and adding it to separate plates with monolayers of tissue culture cells. After the viruses attach, a semi-solid medium is added to restrict virus movement and allow only adjacent cells to become infected, forming visible plaques that can be counted.
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Host may be bacteria, plant ,animal.
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This document discusses techniques for purifying viruses, specifically density gradient centrifugation and isopycnic centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles based on their buoyant densities by layering solutions of decreasing density in a centrifuge tube, then centrifuging the virus sample on top for a short time. This allows different viruses to separate into discrete zones based on their sedimentation rates. Isopycnic centrifugation forms the density gradient during a long, high-speed centrifugation, allowing separation of particles that differ slightly in density but not size. Precipitation with ammonium sulfate or ethanol can also be used to purify viruses.
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Reoviridae is a family of viruses that includes orthoreoviruses, rotaviruses, orbiviruses, and coltiviruses. They are non-enveloped viruses with double-layered protein capsids and segmented double-stranded RNA genomes. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. They replicate in the cytoplasm of intestinal cells. Orbiviruses commonly infect insects and can be transmitted to vertebrates by insects, causing diseases like bluetongue in sheep. While reoviruses are ubiquitous, their role in human disease is unclear.
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Bacteriophage are viruses that infect bacteria. T4 phage is a type of bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacteria. It has a head structure that contains its DNA and a tail structure used to inject the DNA into the host bacteria cell. The T4 phage life cycle can be lytic, where it causes the bacterial cell to burst and release new phage particles, or lysogenic where the phage DNA integrates with the bacterial DNA and is passed down through generations without causing lysis. The replication process involves the phage DNA being injected and then using the host cell's machinery to produce new phage particles which are then released through lysis of the bacterial cell.
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Cauliflower Mosaic Virus is a pararetrovirus that infects plants in the brassicaceae family like cauliflower. It has an icosahedral capsid containing a circular double stranded DNA genome around 80kb in size. The virus replicates through reverse transcription, with its DNA entering the nucleus and being transcribed by the host polymerase. The virus has several open reading frames that encode for structural, movement and other proteins. While it can be used as a vector to insert foreign genes into plants, its capacity is limited to a few hundred nucleotides before the foreign DNA is expelled.
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My presentation in XVI Maharashtra Chapter Conference of IAMM at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad on 26th September 2010.
Seminario Biología Molecular
This study analyzed genome and methylome variations in the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori during experimental infection in humans. Researchers used single-molecule real-time sequencing to analyze H. pylori isolates obtained from human volunteers involved in a vaccine trial. The isolates came from individuals infected with a strain known as BCM-300, which has virulence factors associated with disease. The results showed changes in key virulence genes in the bacteria, suggesting an ability to adapt during infection, even in vaccinated individuals. However, the small number of volunteers limited conclusions about differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Guj.), India
This document discusses several key concepts related to gene structure:
1. Genes in eukaryotes contain both coding (exon) and non-coding (intron) sequences. Introns are removed during RNA processing to form mRNA.
2. Benzer performed fine structure analysis of phage T4 genes which demonstrated that genes can undergo intragenic recombination, or crossing over within the gene. This established that genes have an internal structure smaller than previously believed.
3. Split genes were discovered, which have interrupted sequences (introns) between coding sequences (exons). RNA splicing removes introns to form mature mRNA from split genes.Bacterial infections
This document discusses bacterial infections and modern molecular biology techniques used to study and combat pathogenic bacteria. It describes how bacteria cause infections through various virulence factors, including adhesins that help bacteria attach to host cells and invasins that facilitate bacterial entry. New diagnostic techniques like PCR and checkerboard hybridization that identify bacteria by their rRNA sequences are faster than traditional culturing methods. The document also examines how bacterial pathogens acquire iron, an essential nutrient, through siderophores and discusses the mobile genetic elements that allow bacteria to gain virulence properties.
Erickson Presentation
This document describes a study investigating gene duplication and evolution of the proC gene, which is involved in proline biosynthesis, across multiple species of Agrobacterium bacteria. The researchers identified multiple copies of the proC gene in the genomes of A. radiobacter K84, A. rhizogenes A4, and A. tumefaciens S4. They then used functional complementation assays to determine if individual proC genes from each species could allow E. coli cells to survive in a proline-deficient environment when inserted into a plasmid. All tested proC genes complemented growth except one duplicate from A. rhizogenes A4.
Periodontal pathogens
describes the known periodontal pathogens, novel pathogens and note on role of virus and fungi in pathogenicity in periodontitis
Troy University Tissue Culture Biology Discussion.pdf
This document summarizes a scientific article that studied the rapid intermixing of cell surface antigens after the formation of mouse-human heterokaryons (fused cells containing nuclei from both mouse and human cells). The study found that within 40 minutes of cell fusion, the mouse and human surface antigens had completely mixed in over 90% of the heterokaryons. Various metabolic inhibitors were used in an effort to determine the mechanism, and it was found that only lowered temperature could prevent the intermixing, suggesting the cell surface allows free diffusion of antigens.
Biofilm basics
Includes definition, classification, history, formation, salient features, gene transfer( conjugation, transformation, transduction), antibiotic resistance, nutritional influence, quorum sensing, role in pathogenesis, and controversies.
Similar to Phi X 174 - 2.pptx (20)
Pathogen-Driven Proteomic Changes in Haemolymph of NPV-Infected Silkworm Bomb...
Pathogen-Driven Proteomic Changes in Haemolymph of NPV-Infected Silkworm Bomb...
Microbial Genetics: Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation, Plasmids, Tran...
Microbial Genetics: Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation, Plasmids, Tran...
Molecular biology redefining pathogenesis 20100926
Molecular biology redefining pathogenesis 20100926
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene
Fine structureof gene,allelic complementation,and split gene
Troy University Tissue Culture Biology Discussion.pdf
Troy University Tissue Culture Biology Discussion.pdf
More from mohamedfaisal447872
Vinegar production
This document discusses vinegar production. It begins by defining vinegar as a combination of acetic acid and water produced through a two-step fermentation process. It then discusses the various uses of vinegar, both historically and in modern times. This includes uses in food, cleaning, and medicine. The document outlines three main methods for manufacturing vinegar - the Orleans, trickling, and submerged fermentation methods. It concludes by discussing how to measure the strength of vinegar.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION -L LYSIN
The document discusses the production of the amino acid L-lysine through fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum. It provides details on the lysine biosynthesis pathway, fermentation process, nutrient sources used in fermentation media, and downstream processing methods like ultrafiltration, ion exchange, evaporation and crystallization to extract and purify lysine. The optimal pH and temperature for fermentation is also mentioned.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION L-LYSIN
The document discusses Sri Paramakalyani College being reaccredited with an A+ grade by NAAC. It then summarizes the key steps in the microbial fermentation process for producing the amino acid L-lysine using Corynebacterium glutamicum, including feeding the microorganism appropriate carbon and nitrogen sources, controlling the pH and temperature during fermentation, recovering lysine from the broth using ultrafiltration and ion exchange, and crystallizing the final product.
Production of streptomycin
Streptomycin is an antibiotic produced by fermentation of Streptococcus griseus. It was discovered in 1944 and is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The fermentation process involves three phases where S. griseus grows on a medium containing soy meal and glucose to produce streptomycin over 4-10 days. After filtration and purification steps including adsorption, elution and crystallization, the streptomycin is recovered and used clinically to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections.
GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS.pptx
The document discusses various microorganisms and their applications in industrial processes to produce important products like beverages, organic acids, enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, dairy products, vaccines, amino acids, and pharmaceutical drugs. It provides details on the microbes used in fermentation processes to manufacture these products on a large scale for commercial use. Specific examples of industrial fermentations include using yeasts to produce beverages, fungi like Aspergillus niger to make citric acid, and bacteria such as Lactobacillus for lactic acid production.
Nucleic acid and evolution of virus(5).pptx
This document discusses the structure and evolution of viruses. It begins by describing the basic nucleic acid structure of viruses, which can be single or double stranded DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein capsid. It then covers Baltimore classification of viruses based on their mRNA synthesis and RNA genome sizes. The potential for rapid evolution in RNA viruses is examined, including quasispecies and recombination. Specific examples of evolution are provided for measles virus, myxoma virus, and influenza virus, which undergoes both antigenic drift and shifts.
VIROLOGY- LYSOGENIC CYCLE (1).pdf
The document summarizes the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages. It begins with an introduction to viruses and bacteriophages. It then describes the key steps in the lysogenic cycle as penetration of the bacterial cell by the phage, replication of the phage genetic material, and integration of the phage DNA into the host bacterial chromosome. The integrated phage DNA, called a prophage, is replicated along with the host bacterial DNA and passed to daughter cells when the host cell divides.
Virology.pdf
This document discusses various systems for classifying viruses. It begins by describing common properties used to classify viruses such as morphology, genome type, replication strategy, and host organisms. It then summarizes five major classification systems: Baltimore classification (based on mRNA synthesis strategy), Holmes classification (based on host organism), LHT classification (based on physical/chemical properties), Casjens and Kings classification (based on nucleic acid and structure), and ICTV classification (the current standard system maintained by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses). The document also discusses classification based on nucleic acid type, number of genome strands, capsid structure, presence of an envelope, and host organism.
502d62f39d7607bd5a65c292cd23ae21.pptx
Sri Paramakalyani College is a government aided college located in Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu, India. It is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University and has been reaccredited with a B grade by NAAC. This document appears to be an assignment submitted by an M.Sc. Microbiology student named G.Petchiammal from the college's Department of Microbiology on the topic of M13 bacteriophage. The assignment has been submitted to the student's guide, Dr. C. Mariappan.
Virology.pptx
This document discusses cyanophages, which are viruses that infect cyanobacteria. It begins by providing background on cyanobacteria, noting that they are aquatic photosynthetic bacteria that can form large blooms. It then introduces cyanophages, the first of which were discovered in 1963 infecting cyanobacteria. Cyanophages have heads and tails like other bacteriophages and use cyanobacteria as hosts in their lifecycles. They are classified based on morphology into families including Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Siphoviridae. Genera within these families like Cyanomyovirus, Cyanopodovirus, and Cyanostylovirus are then described in terms of their morphological characteristics. The
Vasi_CaMV.pptx
Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects plants in the cabbage family. It has an icosahedral shape and is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. The CaMV genome is around 8,000 base pairs and encodes 7 genes. It replicates via reverse transcription. The virus enters the host cell nucleus and uses two promoters to transcribe its genes. Its life cycle involves transmission to plants by aphids, uncoating in the host cell, transcription and translation of viral genes, movement to other cells, and transmission to new hosts.
DISCOVERY OF VIRUS.pptx
This document provides a summary of early discoveries related to viruses. It describes how Louis Pasteur and others first speculated about infectious agents smaller than bacteria in the late 19th century. In 1892, Dmitry Ivanovsky used filters to show that extracts from infected tobacco plants remained infectious after filtering out bacteria. In 1898, Martinus Beijerinck repeated these experiments and coined the term "virus" to describe this new type of infectious agent. The document then outlines several other important early discoveries, including the identification of the first human virus (yellow fever virus in the 1880s) and the discovery of bacteriophages in the early 20th century by Frederick Twort and Félix d'Herelle.
ORTHOMYXOVIRUS(PRS).pptx
Orthomyxovirus is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses that includes influenza viruses A, B, C, and D. It has seven genera that infect various hosts like humans, birds, pigs, cattle, and fish. The virus particle is pleomorphic with surface projections and a segmented negative-sense RNA genome. The replication cycle involves binding to host cells, releasing RNA into the cytoplasm, forming new viral proteins and RNA, and releasing progeny virus to infect other cells. Influenza A is the most virulent type in humans and causes pandemics through antigenic drift and shift. Vaccines and antiviral drugs are used for prophylaxis but escape mutants can evolve.
other viral types.pptx
This document discusses viroids, virusoids, and prions - three types of acellular infectious agents. It notes that viroids are small, circular RNA molecules that can self-replicate and cause diseases in plants. Virusoids are subviral RNAs that require a helper virus to replicate and infect plants. Prions are misfolded protein particles that can induce normal proteins to also misfold, leading to neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie in sheep. Unlike viruses and viroids, prions contain no nucleic acid and are extremely resistant to destruction.
More from mohamedfaisal447872 (14)
GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS.pptx
GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS.pptx
Recently uploaded
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
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Phi X 174 - 2.pptx
- 1. SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE REACCREDITED WITH B GRADE WITH A CGPA OF 2.71 IN THE SECOND CYCLE OF NAAC AFFILIATED TO MANOMANIUM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI. ALWARKURICHI 627 412, TAMIL NADU, INDIA POST GRADUATE & RESEARCH CENTRE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY (GOVERNMENT AIDED) ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022 II SEM CORE: VIROLOGY (ZMBM23) UNIT- 2 BACTERIAL VIRUS : PHI X 174 PHAGE Submitted by, Indhumathi S Reg no: 20211232516110 I M.Sc., Microbiology Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi. Submitted to, Dr.C.Mariappan Ph.D. Assistant professor, Department of microbiology, Sri paramakalyani college, Alwarkurichi.
- 2. INTRODUCTION TAXONOMIC ARRANGEMENT OF PHI X 174 HISTORY MORPHOLOGY GENOME ORGANIZATION LIFE CYCLE APPLICATIONS
- 3. Introduction Bacteriophage (phages) Bacteriophages were first discovered in 1915 by William Twort. In 1917 by Felix d'Herelle realized that they had the potential to kill bacteria. Viruses that attacks and infects the bacteria. Bacteriophage is specific to one form of bacteria Bacteriophage also infect archaea.
- 4. Taxonomial arrangement Realm : Monodnaviria Kingdom : Sangervirae Phylum : Phixviricota Class : Malgrandaviricetes Order : Petitvirales Family : Microviridae Sub-family : Bullavirinae Genus : Sinsheimervirus Species : Escherichia virus ΦX174
- 5. History It is a bacteriophage infects the bacterium E.coli In 1962, Walter fiers and Robert Sinsheimer – demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of ΦX174 DNA. The first DNA-based genome to be sequenced.This work was completed by Frederick sanger in 1977. Studies of phage replication led to discovery of Rolling circle replication. Family: Microviridae provided the first evidence of overlapping genes.
- 6. Morphology The genome consists of circular ssDNA. Genome size ranges from 4.6 to 6.1 kb. The capsid is icosahedral (i.e.spherical). Diameter is 25-27nm Tailess icosahedral bacteriophage
- 7. Phi x 174 under electron microscope
- 8. Genome organization 1) Genome: circular ssDNA. 2) Consists of 5386 nucleotides. 3) 10 genes codes for 11 proteins. 4) Proteins are A , A* , B , C , D , E , F , G , H , J , K encoded. 5) The 11 protein together contain a total of 1986 aminoacids 6) 10 genes encoded for 11 proteins , because of overlapping genes.
- 9. Overlapping of genes The gene is organized in a such a way if one gene ends in a particular position, the succeeding gene starts with few nucleotide overlapping the terminal region of the first gene. This is called overlapping genes , where reading of genes are overlapped in their sequence
- 10. Arrangement of genes Gene A contains an internal translation initiation site to encode protein A* Gene B is encoded within A in different reading frame. Gene K is at the end of gene A and extend into gene C Gene E is totally within gene D. The termination codon of D overlaps intiation codon for gene J .
- 12. Life cycle of x174
- 13. Attachment of phage Infection begins when G protein binds to lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial host cell surface. Phage recognizes the lipopolysaccharide receptor in the outer membrane of E.coli by the minor spike protein H.
- 14. Entry of phage genome • H protein (or the DNA Pilot Protein) pilots the viral genome through the bacterial membrane of E.coli bacteria • The outer part recognizes the LPS receptor.The inner part of the H protein is responsible for the injection of genome into the host cell. • Atleat one H protein enters into the host cell with the viral DNA.
- 15. Replication of Phi x174
- 17. Assembly of mature virions
- 18. Release of mature virions Cell lysis Requires E protein, which inhibits the Mra Y translocase , which is involved in the Synthesis of lipid I for the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan.
- 20. Reference • https://www.slideshare.net/qamrunnisashaikh1997/phi-x- 174-phage • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullavirinae • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC326969/ THANK YOU