The document provides guidance on selecting a research topic for a Ph.D. program. It suggests considering your interests, committing to at least 3 years of intensive study, and how a Ph.D. can benefit your career and personal growth. Key factors to consider include having sufficient time dedicated to reading, writing and research, and being interested in taking on greater responsibility and developing thought leadership. Choosing a topic of interest and writing an in-depth research plan on a significant issue within your field of study is also recommended.
This document discusses research methods and provides definitions and types of research. It begins by defining research as a scientific and systematic search for knowledge about a topic. Research involves formulating problems, hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The document then discusses types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. It also covers research objectives, processes, variables, and the importance of research.
This document discusses the importance, characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. It begins by defining research and outlining its main purposes. Some key points made include: research is a systematic process used to build knowledge, understand issues, and support or disprove ideas; it involves asking questions, making observations, and testing theories; the research process typically involves refining topics, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings; characteristics of good research include being empirical, logical, analytical, and replicable. The document also discusses qualitative research methods.
A Research Study On Quantitative AnalysisBarb Tillich
This document discusses research philosophy, specifically positivism and interpretivism. Positivism adheres to knowledge based on factual information through observable data collection methods that are mostly quantifiable and measurable. Interpretivism interprets variables through socially constructed measures like language and instruments. The document will adopt a positivism philosophy to keep with the research aim and objectives, as variables can be quantifiably observed through statistical analysis of a large sample.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as research methodology, types of research, research paper writing tips, determining quality in research papers, referencing styles, hypothesis testing, sampling methods, and data collection. The document emphasizes the importance of proper planning, organization, referencing, and following ethical guidelines when conducting research. It aims to equip students and early-career researchers with fundamental knowledge on best practices in research.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as the definition of methodology, different research philosophies and methodologies, types of research, and the relationship between methodology and methods. Tips are also provided for writing research papers, determining paper quality, referencing styles, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. The document aims to equip researchers, students and academics with fundamental knowledge and skills for conducting research.
This document discusses research methodology and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in 12 sections. It defines research, discusses the objectives and motivation for research, and describes different types of research approaches. It also covers research methods versus methodology, the scientific research process, criteria for good research, and common problems researchers face in India.
What are the Different Research Design / Ways That I can Approach My Law Dis...PhD Assistance
This document discusses different research designs and approaches that can be used for a law dissertation. It begins by introducing the topic and stating that a public-private partnership model is often used for legal PhD dissertations. It then outlines the steps in a typical research design process, including identifying a topic and problem, formulating research questions and hypotheses, choosing a methodology, defining the significance of the research, using theories, and conducting a literature review. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies and different approaches to socio-legal research like quantitative methods, participant observation, interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. It emphasizes developing a conceptual framework and considering research ethics.
Research Formulation by Dr. Ved Nath Jha.pptxDrVednathJha1
This document outlines the key aspects of research formulation according to Dr. Ved Nath Jha. It discusses the meaning of research, objectives of research such as gaining insights or testing hypotheses. It also covers types of research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Developing good working hypotheses requires discussions with experts and preliminary investigations. An effective research design considers how information will be obtained and organized within time and cost constraints. Rigorous criteria for good research include clearly defining the purpose, describing the methodology, using objective procedures, acknowledging limitations, conducting adequate analysis, and limiting conclusions to what the data supports.
This document discusses research methods and provides definitions and types of research. It begins by defining research as a scientific and systematic search for knowledge about a topic. Research involves formulating problems, hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The document then discusses types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. It also covers research objectives, processes, variables, and the importance of research.
This document discusses the importance, characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. It begins by defining research and outlining its main purposes. Some key points made include: research is a systematic process used to build knowledge, understand issues, and support or disprove ideas; it involves asking questions, making observations, and testing theories; the research process typically involves refining topics, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings; characteristics of good research include being empirical, logical, analytical, and replicable. The document also discusses qualitative research methods.
A Research Study On Quantitative AnalysisBarb Tillich
This document discusses research philosophy, specifically positivism and interpretivism. Positivism adheres to knowledge based on factual information through observable data collection methods that are mostly quantifiable and measurable. Interpretivism interprets variables through socially constructed measures like language and instruments. The document will adopt a positivism philosophy to keep with the research aim and objectives, as variables can be quantifiably observed through statistical analysis of a large sample.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as research methodology, types of research, research paper writing tips, determining quality in research papers, referencing styles, hypothesis testing, sampling methods, and data collection. The document emphasizes the importance of proper planning, organization, referencing, and following ethical guidelines when conducting research. It aims to equip students and early-career researchers with fundamental knowledge on best practices in research.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as the definition of methodology, different research philosophies and methodologies, types of research, and the relationship between methodology and methods. Tips are also provided for writing research papers, determining paper quality, referencing styles, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. The document aims to equip researchers, students and academics with fundamental knowledge and skills for conducting research.
This document discusses research methodology and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in 12 sections. It defines research, discusses the objectives and motivation for research, and describes different types of research approaches. It also covers research methods versus methodology, the scientific research process, criteria for good research, and common problems researchers face in India.
What are the Different Research Design / Ways That I can Approach My Law Dis...PhD Assistance
This document discusses different research designs and approaches that can be used for a law dissertation. It begins by introducing the topic and stating that a public-private partnership model is often used for legal PhD dissertations. It then outlines the steps in a typical research design process, including identifying a topic and problem, formulating research questions and hypotheses, choosing a methodology, defining the significance of the research, using theories, and conducting a literature review. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies and different approaches to socio-legal research like quantitative methods, participant observation, interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. It emphasizes developing a conceptual framework and considering research ethics.
Research Formulation by Dr. Ved Nath Jha.pptxDrVednathJha1
This document outlines the key aspects of research formulation according to Dr. Ved Nath Jha. It discusses the meaning of research, objectives of research such as gaining insights or testing hypotheses. It also covers types of research methods and methodology. The research process involves formulating the problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Developing good working hypotheses requires discussions with experts and preliminary investigations. An effective research design considers how information will be obtained and organized within time and cost constraints. Rigorous criteria for good research include clearly defining the purpose, describing the methodology, using objective procedures, acknowledging limitations, conducting adequate analysis, and limiting conclusions to what the data supports.
The document provides an overview of research design and methods of data collection in research. It discusses key aspects of research design including defining variables, developing hypotheses, and different types of designs for exploratory, descriptive, and experimental studies. It also covers sampling design, important concepts in sample design, and different sampling techniques. Finally, it discusses primary and secondary data, and different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides guidelines for developing good questionnaires and conducting successful interviews.
The document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions from chapters 4-6 of a research methods course. It defines key terms like philosophical framework, positivism, interpretivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative data. It also outlines the steps for developing a theoretical framework, conducting a literature review, developing research questions, and locating sources. Common mistakes to avoid in literature reviews are listed, such as treating it as a list of documents rather than a synthesis.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
- The benefits of research to students and practitioners for designing studies, understanding literature, and participating in evaluations.
- Definitions of key terms like method, methodology, and the differences between them.
- The characteristics of high-quality research like having a clearly defined scope and reproducible design.
- The typical steps in the research process from identifying a problem to interpreting data and revising hypotheses.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses what research is, including that it involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of a phenomenon. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for gathering evidence, and methodology, which is the underlying theory and analysis of how research proceeds. The document then outlines common characteristics of research and provides guidance on developing high-quality research projects and proposals.
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxAsegidHmeskel
This document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1. Formulating the research problem by precisely defining the issue to be studied and determining its significance.
2. Conducting an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3. Developing testable hypotheses to address the research problem.
4. Designing the research methodology including sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis.
5. Collecting and analyzing data to test the hypotheses.
6. Interpreting the findings, conclusions, and limitations to determine how the research adds to knowledge.
The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue to produce generalizable answers.
Here are the key elements of a research methodology chapter:
1. Research Design
- Describe the overall research design and approach. Is it qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods?
- Provide rationale for chosen design.
2. Data Collection Methods
- Describe specific methods for collecting primary data, e.g. surveys, interviews, experiments.
- Include details on instrument design, sampling approach, sample size.
3. Data Analysis Methods
- Describe how collected data will be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively
- Cite specific analytical techniques, e.g. thematic analysis, regression analysis
4. Validity and Reliability
- Discuss strategies for ensuring validity of
This document discusses research topics, purpose, and products. It defines research and lists its key characteristics. Research is conducted to create new knowledge, solve problems, validate intuitions, and improve methods. The outcomes or products of research can include new theories, models, analyses, and unexpected findings. Choosing a research topic involves considering feasibility and available resources. The purpose should be clearly explained and justified, and the potential products or contributions of the research should be evaluated.
Research Methods And Methods Of ResearchLaura Benitez
The research question is significant as it guides the entire research project. It frames what
information needs to be collected and analyzed to address the topic of study. A clear research
question ensures the study remains focused on a narrow scope that can feasibly be addressed within
time and resource constraints. Well-defined research questions also allow for hypotheses to be
generated about potential answers, which then guide the methodology and provide structure for
analyzing results. The findings can then be used to directly answer the original research question.
Overall, a significant research question is the foundation that holds the entire research process
together from start to finish.
The document defines research as a systematic, careful investigation aimed at discovering and interpreting new facts or information to increase knowledge. Research involves formulating hypotheses, collecting data through various methods, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions. The objectives of research are to gain new insights, accurately describe phenomena, determine frequency of associations, and test hypotheses about causal relationships. Research is motivated by various factors like the desire for knowledge, career benefits, intellectual stimulation, and helping society. The key types are descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical. Research is significant as it promotes logical thinking, informs government policy, solves business problems, and addresses social issues.
The document defines research and different types of research. It discusses business research as seeking to predict and explain phenomena in the ever-changing business environment to improve business performance and lives. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research acquires knowledge. Pedantic, popularist, puerile and pragmatic science are discussed in terms of their rigor and relevance. Learning outcomes include identifying good research topics and generating ideas, expressing topics as questions and aims/objectives, and understanding the role of theory.
The document discusses research methodology for a study on improving 4th grade students' ability to solve math word problems. It proposes using action research with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be collected before and after an intervention to measure students' growth. Qualitative data, such as an anonymous survey, will gather students' responses about the benefits of methods taught. The research aims to effectively improve students' understanding of word problems and determine the perceived benefits of using a graphic organizer strategy.
Research Methodology Essay
Essay on Research methods exam
Sample Methodology Essay
Research Methods and Design Essays
Research Methodology : Research Proposal Essay
Research Methodology
Research Methodology
Methodology Essay
Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay
Research and Design Methodology Essay
Research mEthodology
Evaluation Of A Research Methodology Essay
Essay on Research Methodology
What Is Research Methodology
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Qualitative Research Methods Essay
Research Methods Essay
Research Methodology : Research On Research
Assignment on Research Methodology.
Research Methodology Essay
This document provides an overview of research methodology and philosophy. It defines research and discusses the purpose and motivation for conducting research. The document outlines the research continuum model and differentiates between research and development. It also describes the research onion model and key steps in the research process, including formulating the research problem statement, developing hypotheses and objectives, and considering research designs both qualitative and quantitative. The goal is for learners to understand research philosophy and strategies for aligning research with organizational goals.
Business research involves systematically gathering and analyzing data to make good business decisions. It aims to answer questions related to marketing, human resources, finance, and other areas. Learning research methods is important for managers to solve day-to-day problems using a scientific approach that reduces uncertainty. Understanding research allows managers to identify issues, diagnose problems, select actions, and evaluate outcomes. It also helps complete academic requirements like master's theses, stay updated in one's field, and critically evaluate other studies. Quantitative research uses numerical data to test theories while qualitative research aims to understand phenomena through words. Mixed methods combine both approaches.
Research is an organized investigation to create facts and reach new inferences. It aims to improve quality of life by developing appropriate solutions. Research follows systematic and objective methods to find reliable knowledge. It can be basic research that increases understanding or applied research that provides specific solutions. Research must be empirical, systematic, analytical, and objective. The research process involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Ethics are important in research to promote truth, accountability, and social responsibility.
Research methodology at students of university
OBJECTIVE Meaning, definition, purpose and components of research design.
Difference between the terms research method and research methodology.
research process in nursing nursing process.ppsxlovedhaliwal1
The document outlines the key objectives and steps of the research process. The objectives of research include discovering new facts, verifying important facts, analyzing phenomena, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, developing new tools and theories, and solving problems. The research process involves exploration, literature review, research design, execution, and following up. It describes each step, including formulating research questions, reviewing literature, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The overall goal is to systematically investigate research problems and add to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses research problems, including defining a research problem, identifying sources of research problems, criteria for a good research problem, and the steps involved in formulating a research problem. Specifically, it states that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved through research. It also notes that selecting a good research problem is challenging but important, as it forms the foundation of the research study. Finally, it outlines the 5-step process for formulating a research problem: 1) selecting a research area, 2) reviewing literature and theories, 3) delimiting the topic, 4) evaluating the problem, and 5) formulating the final problem statement.
The document provides an overview of research design and methods of data collection in research. It discusses key aspects of research design including defining variables, developing hypotheses, and different types of designs for exploratory, descriptive, and experimental studies. It also covers sampling design, important concepts in sample design, and different sampling techniques. Finally, it discusses primary and secondary data, and different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides guidelines for developing good questionnaires and conducting successful interviews.
The document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions from chapters 4-6 of a research methods course. It defines key terms like philosophical framework, positivism, interpretivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative data. It also outlines the steps for developing a theoretical framework, conducting a literature review, developing research questions, and locating sources. Common mistakes to avoid in literature reviews are listed, such as treating it as a list of documents rather than a synthesis.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
- The benefits of research to students and practitioners for designing studies, understanding literature, and participating in evaluations.
- Definitions of key terms like method, methodology, and the differences between them.
- The characteristics of high-quality research like having a clearly defined scope and reproducible design.
- The typical steps in the research process from identifying a problem to interpreting data and revising hypotheses.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses what research is, including that it involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of a phenomenon. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for gathering evidence, and methodology, which is the underlying theory and analysis of how research proceeds. The document then outlines common characteristics of research and provides guidance on developing high-quality research projects and proposals.
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxAsegidHmeskel
This document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1. Formulating the research problem by precisely defining the issue to be studied and determining its significance.
2. Conducting an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3. Developing testable hypotheses to address the research problem.
4. Designing the research methodology including sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis.
5. Collecting and analyzing data to test the hypotheses.
6. Interpreting the findings, conclusions, and limitations to determine how the research adds to knowledge.
The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue to produce generalizable answers.
Here are the key elements of a research methodology chapter:
1. Research Design
- Describe the overall research design and approach. Is it qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods?
- Provide rationale for chosen design.
2. Data Collection Methods
- Describe specific methods for collecting primary data, e.g. surveys, interviews, experiments.
- Include details on instrument design, sampling approach, sample size.
3. Data Analysis Methods
- Describe how collected data will be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively
- Cite specific analytical techniques, e.g. thematic analysis, regression analysis
4. Validity and Reliability
- Discuss strategies for ensuring validity of
This document discusses research topics, purpose, and products. It defines research and lists its key characteristics. Research is conducted to create new knowledge, solve problems, validate intuitions, and improve methods. The outcomes or products of research can include new theories, models, analyses, and unexpected findings. Choosing a research topic involves considering feasibility and available resources. The purpose should be clearly explained and justified, and the potential products or contributions of the research should be evaluated.
Research Methods And Methods Of ResearchLaura Benitez
The research question is significant as it guides the entire research project. It frames what
information needs to be collected and analyzed to address the topic of study. A clear research
question ensures the study remains focused on a narrow scope that can feasibly be addressed within
time and resource constraints. Well-defined research questions also allow for hypotheses to be
generated about potential answers, which then guide the methodology and provide structure for
analyzing results. The findings can then be used to directly answer the original research question.
Overall, a significant research question is the foundation that holds the entire research process
together from start to finish.
The document defines research as a systematic, careful investigation aimed at discovering and interpreting new facts or information to increase knowledge. Research involves formulating hypotheses, collecting data through various methods, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions. The objectives of research are to gain new insights, accurately describe phenomena, determine frequency of associations, and test hypotheses about causal relationships. Research is motivated by various factors like the desire for knowledge, career benefits, intellectual stimulation, and helping society. The key types are descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical. Research is significant as it promotes logical thinking, informs government policy, solves business problems, and addresses social issues.
The document defines research and different types of research. It discusses business research as seeking to predict and explain phenomena in the ever-changing business environment to improve business performance and lives. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research acquires knowledge. Pedantic, popularist, puerile and pragmatic science are discussed in terms of their rigor and relevance. Learning outcomes include identifying good research topics and generating ideas, expressing topics as questions and aims/objectives, and understanding the role of theory.
The document discusses research methodology for a study on improving 4th grade students' ability to solve math word problems. It proposes using action research with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be collected before and after an intervention to measure students' growth. Qualitative data, such as an anonymous survey, will gather students' responses about the benefits of methods taught. The research aims to effectively improve students' understanding of word problems and determine the perceived benefits of using a graphic organizer strategy.
Research Methodology Essay
Essay on Research methods exam
Sample Methodology Essay
Research Methods and Design Essays
Research Methodology : Research Proposal Essay
Research Methodology
Research Methodology
Methodology Essay
Research Methodology For Research Methods Essay
Research and Design Methodology Essay
Research mEthodology
Evaluation Of A Research Methodology Essay
Essay on Research Methodology
What Is Research Methodology
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Qualitative Research Methods Essay
Research Methods Essay
Research Methodology : Research On Research
Assignment on Research Methodology.
Research Methodology Essay
This document provides an overview of research methodology and philosophy. It defines research and discusses the purpose and motivation for conducting research. The document outlines the research continuum model and differentiates between research and development. It also describes the research onion model and key steps in the research process, including formulating the research problem statement, developing hypotheses and objectives, and considering research designs both qualitative and quantitative. The goal is for learners to understand research philosophy and strategies for aligning research with organizational goals.
Business research involves systematically gathering and analyzing data to make good business decisions. It aims to answer questions related to marketing, human resources, finance, and other areas. Learning research methods is important for managers to solve day-to-day problems using a scientific approach that reduces uncertainty. Understanding research allows managers to identify issues, diagnose problems, select actions, and evaluate outcomes. It also helps complete academic requirements like master's theses, stay updated in one's field, and critically evaluate other studies. Quantitative research uses numerical data to test theories while qualitative research aims to understand phenomena through words. Mixed methods combine both approaches.
Research is an organized investigation to create facts and reach new inferences. It aims to improve quality of life by developing appropriate solutions. Research follows systematic and objective methods to find reliable knowledge. It can be basic research that increases understanding or applied research that provides specific solutions. Research must be empirical, systematic, analytical, and objective. The research process involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Ethics are important in research to promote truth, accountability, and social responsibility.
Research methodology at students of university
OBJECTIVE Meaning, definition, purpose and components of research design.
Difference between the terms research method and research methodology.
research process in nursing nursing process.ppsxlovedhaliwal1
The document outlines the key objectives and steps of the research process. The objectives of research include discovering new facts, verifying important facts, analyzing phenomena, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, developing new tools and theories, and solving problems. The research process involves exploration, literature review, research design, execution, and following up. It describes each step, including formulating research questions, reviewing literature, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The overall goal is to systematically investigate research problems and add to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses research problems, including defining a research problem, identifying sources of research problems, criteria for a good research problem, and the steps involved in formulating a research problem. Specifically, it states that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved through research. It also notes that selecting a good research problem is challenging but important, as it forms the foundation of the research study. Finally, it outlines the 5-step process for formulating a research problem: 1) selecting a research area, 2) reviewing literature and theories, 3) delimiting the topic, 4) evaluating the problem, and 5) formulating the final problem statement.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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2. 10/8/2022 2
Ph.D. कायर्क्रम म� गोता लगाने का �नणर्य लेना कोई आसान
�वकल्प नह�ं है। अपने �ेत्र क
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साल क
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े �लए खुद को प्र�तबद्ध कर�गे। Ph.D.
क� �डग्री प्राप्त करना आपक
े career और आपक
े personal
growth दोन� क
े �लए valuable (मूल्यवान) हो सकता है, और
�नम्न�ल�खत सलाह आपको यह तय करने म� मदद कर सकती है।
» Do I have the time? 12 to 24 hours a week another than SOS &
research center.
» Do I feel energized by the thought of reading, writing, and
researching? A doctoral degree is not for everyone. who love it.
» Am I interested in a new level of responsibility and
leadership? Understanding the gravity of the Power, Develop
thought leadership, Deeper engagement.
• You’ll need to mentally prepare yourself for the next step .
3. 1. Choose your topic of interest as a researcher, think about
several interesting subjects/topic. Refine those subjects into one
topic by listing keywords and broader aspect and minimum
words with the help of your supervisor/guide.
Sample of topic:
Find an area of interest and write an in-
depth, research plan / synopsis (6-10 pages)
with methodology that investigates a
significant issue or conclusion for social
aspect or scientific aspect or useful for
society within that discipline.
ERIC
@copy write
10/8/2022 3
4. Sample Topic:
• Impact of
Anthropogenic activities
on water quality of
Sankatmochan Pond,
Chhatarpur (MP) India
Keywords & Related
Words:
• Anthropogenic activities
• Water Quality
• Sankatmochan Pond
@copywrite
10/8/2022 4
5. What information do you need in
Research?
1. Do you need a general overview of the topic?
2. Does your information need to be very current?
1&2 Through Review of Literature
3. Do you need Methodology use your research?
3. Do you need to know limit your searches?
4. Do you need facts, figures, statistics?
4. Do you need to consider different or conflicting
points of view?
4. References or Sources
10/8/2022 5
6. 1. The main purposes of research are to inform
action, gather evidence for theories, and
contribute to developing knowledge in a field
of study. It's a tool for building knowledge
and facilitating learning.
2. The significance of research is important for
society : not just Scholar and scientists.
3. Research promotes confidence in reading, in
writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable
information.
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7. 4. Research introduces you to new ideas and
Understanding.
5. Research expands your knowledge and
gives you the latest information about the
specific field.
6. It provides nourishment and mind
bellowing exercise for the Brain.
7. Research encourages curiosity.
8. Research builds your credibility and helps
us succeed in Job or business.
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8. Research Strategies and Mind makeup
To find background information on your topic
Through:
1. Encyclopedias, Journals, reviews, News
letters etc.
2. Library consultation: where you will find
books and journals on your Related subject
/topic etc.
3. Use the library’s many databases to find in-
depth information in books and journals :
Online Research Data base (articles &
journals)
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9. Improve your Search Results:
Use Boolean operators (and,
or, not) in all online databases
(including Google) to improve
the relevancy of your results.
Boolean Operators are simple words (AND, OR, NOT or AND NOT) used
as conjunctions to combine or exclude keywords in a search, resulting
in more focused and productive results. This should save time and effort by
eliminating inappropriate hits that must be scanned before discarding.
A Boolean data type has one of two possible values (usually denoted
true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic
and Boolean algebra. It is named after George Boole, who first defined
an algebraic system of logic in the mid 19th century.
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10. Everything that is written Publishes materials
related to your topic like:
1. Name of Title
2. Name of Author / Authors with address.
3. Name of journal, volume, Number, year,
pages.
4. Abstract with key words/complete paper if
Necessary.
Update and Evaluate your information
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13. 10/8/2022 13
Objectives of Research
Research discover solutions to problems by applying the scientific
procedures, the important objective of the research is to discover the
hidden truth. Distinct studies of research have distinct objectives
and few common objectives (Max.4/5) are as follows:
* The foremost objective is to achieve thorough
knowledge and also understanding with an observed
circumstance.
* The second one is to define the frequency of distinct things.
* The next is to test a statement which is assumed to be genuine
and that statement is about the casual relationship between
variables.
* The last one is to accurately describe the characteristics of a
specific individual or a group or a situation
14. There are five important types of research and those are as follows:
1. Descriptive vs. Analytical
वणर्नात्मक बनाम �वश्लेषणात्मक
2. Applied vs. Fundamental
अनुप्रयुक्त बनाम मौ�लक
3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative
मात्रात्मक बनाम गुणात्मक:
4. Conceptual vs. Empirical
वैचा�रक बनाम अनुभवजन्य
5. Few other types of research
क
ु छ अन्य प्रकार क
े शोध
Types of Research
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15. 1. Descriptive vs. Analytical: The surveys and fact-finding
investigations of distinct types come under descriptive
research. In analytical research, a researcher has to avail
data which already exists and has to make an accurate
evaluation.
वणर्नात्मक बनाम �वश्लेषणात्मक: �व�भन्न प्रकार क
े
सव��ण और तथ्य-खोज जांच वणर्नात्मक अनुसंधान क
े
अंतगर्त आते ह�। �वश्लेषणात्मक अनुसंधान म�, एक
शोधकतार् को पहले से मौजूद डेटा का लाभ उठाना होता है
और एक सट�क मूल्यांकन करना होता है।
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16. 2. Applied vs. Fundamental: the objectives of the applied
research are to search an answer for the difficulty which is facing
by a firm or a society. Theory’s formulation and interference of
general principles with particulars are related to fundamental
research. The feature of collecting knowledge for the sake of
knowledge is best suited to fundamental research.
अनुप्रयुक्त बनाम मौ�लक: अनुप्रयुक्त अनुसंधान का उद्देश्य उस
क�ठनाई का उ�र खोजना है िजसका सामना �कसी फमर् या
समाज को करना पड़ रहा है। �सद्धांत का �नरूपण और
�व�शष्टताओं क
े साथ सामान्य �सद्धांत� का हस्त�ेप मौ�लक
अनुसंधान से संबं�धत है। �ान क
े �लए �ान एकत्र करने क�
�वशेषता मौ�लक शोध क
े �लए सबसे उपयुक्त है।
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17. 3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative: quantitative measurement of
few characteristics which are explained in quantities is nothing
but the quantitative research. Well, qualitative research is related
to the parameter of quality.
मात्रात्मक बनाम गुणात्मक: मात्रा म� समझाया गया क
ु छ �वशेषताओं का
मात्रात्मक माप मात्रात्मक अनुसंधान क
े अलावा और क
ु छ नह�ं है। खैर,
गुणात्मक अनुसंधान गुणव�ा क
े पैरामीटर से संबं�धत है।
4. Conceptual vs. Empirical: the conceptual research is
concerned with ideas and theories. Empirical research is perfect
when we have the proof which explains that few variables
generate a change on other variables in some way or the other.
वैचा�रक बनाम अनुभवजन्य: वैचा�रक अनुसंधान �वचार� और �सद्धांत� से
संबं�धत है। अनुभवजन्य शोध तब सह� होता है जब हमारे पास वह प्रमाण
होता है जो बताता है �क क
ु छ चर �कसी न �कसी तरह से अन्य चर पर
प�रवतर्न उत्पन्न करते ह�।
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18. 5. Few other types of research: Other research type includes few
changes when compared with the types of research explained
above and those changes occur by depending on the current
conditions.
क
ु छ अन्य प्रकार क
े शोध: अन्य शोध प्रकार� म� ऊपर बताए गए शोध क
े
प्रकार� क� तुलना म� क
ु छ प�रवतर्न शा�मल होते ह� और वे प�रवतर्न वतर्मान
प�रिस्थ�तय� क
े आधार पर होते ह�।
So, in this category we can think of the following research:
Longitudinal research अनुदैध्यर् अनुसंधान
Laboratory research प्रयोगशाला अनुसंधान
Simulation research �समुलेशन अनुसंधान
Diagnostic research नैदा�नक अनुसंधान
Historical research ऐ�तहा�सक शोध
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19. Research methodology is nothing but a systematic way of
solving a difficulty. It is the science which studies about
carried out procedures of research like describing the research
work, explaining the research work and also predicting. All these
parameters together are called as a research methodology. It is
also explained as a method of study through which we can gain
knowledge. Its main objective is to give a work plan about
research.
The Importance of Research Methodology:
Designing a methodology is necessary for the difficulty which is
going to be solved and the researcher has to do this thing.
Research methodology is important because researcher should
not only know about the problem but also about the method
of solving it.
Research Methodology
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20. The below points explain us the role of methodology in
solving the difficulty, they are:
�दए गए �बंदु हम� क�ठनाई को हल करने म� methodology क� भू�मका
क� व्याख्या करते ह�, वे ह�:
1. It aids in selecting the best method to solve the problem.
यह समस्या को हल करने क
े �लए सबसे अच्छ� �व�ध का चयन करने
म� सहायता करता है।
2. It tells about the output of selected method and its accuracy.
यह चय�नत �व�ध क
े आउटपुट और इसक� सट�कता क
े बारे म� बताता
है।
3. It aids in knowing the efficiency of the method.
यह �व�ध क� द�ता जानने म� सहायता करता है।
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21. Few vital avenues of research are as follows:
1. The foremost importance of research is that the research on
present concepts and theories aid to recognize the applications
and range of them.
2. It furnishes guidelines for solving difficulties.
3. It plays a vital role in business and in industries to increase
gain and productivity and also to enhance the quality of goods.
It leads to the recognizing of modern materials, modern living
things and much more.
4. The social research aids in searching solutions to social
difficulties.
5. Research leads to the modern lifestyle and fills it with glory
and happiness.
.
The Significance of Research
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22. 10/8/2022 22
Referencing Style
APA style (7th ed.) for references is best
Last name (Surname) of author, followed by initials.
Last names of authors (Surname) arranged alphabetically
in the reference list.
Capitalize the first letter of the first word in titles and
subtitles.
Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
Italicize titles of journals.
Author’s last name and year of publication placed in
parenthesis next to where the information is cited.
Three or more authors, use all three when first cited then
followed by the first author et al., year for subsequent in-
text citations
23. 10/8/2022 23
Example: Parenthetical citation for one author/Two author/more:
(Author Last Name, Year Published)
(Khare, 2020) or Khare (2020)
Khare Pushpendra Kumar (2006). Biodiversity of Algae in
relation to water pollution of Satari Tank, Chhatarpur (M.P)
Ecoprint.Vol. 13: 69-72.
Khare P.K. and L. J. Khare (1999). Plants used in Rheumatism
by rural people of Chhatarpur District, Madhya Pradesh, India. J.
Econ.Taxon.Bot.Vol. 23 (2): 301-304.
Kumar M. et al. (2016).Physico-chemical examination of Lotic
water of river Yamuna at Kalpi, District Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh,
India. Journal of Environmental Research and Development
Vol.10 (03):529-536.
24. 10/8/2022 24
Pattron, D. 2000. Fundamentals of Scientific Research. New
York: Scientific Publishers
http://owl.english.purdue.edu
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
5th ed.
http://www.apastyle.org
25. The various stages involved in research are as below:
01. Selecting the specific topic of research
02. Explaining the research problem
03. Survey of literature
04. Reference collection for Citation
05. Assessment of present status/Problem of selected topic
06. Hypotheses and its formulation
07. Design of research
08. Methodology or Real investigation
09. Analysis of information
10. Result’s interpretation
11. Report of research/Outcome with Plagiarism report
12. Summery of Research With minimum Two RP Published
and attend Two Conferences& their certificate
Various Stages of Complete Research
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