Principals os Autonomic Pharmacology

1. Pharmacology 1
• Semester 1: January,2023
•Academic year: 2023-2024
•Module: Pharmacology 1
•Introduction to Pharmacology

2. Module Leader
• Assoc. Prof.JOHN ODDA
Bsc,MS, (ASCP)CM Ph.D
• +256704736838
• +256772260393
• +256705419440
johneda2001@yahoo.com

3. Married!

4. Presentation Path
• Introduction
– Subject description
- Pharmaco-Doctor-Relationship
• Learning outcomes
• Key Terminologies in Pharmacology
• Classification of drugs-EDLU
• Classification of drugs

5. Introduction
• The “gossip about pharmacology”
• The needed posture (+A,PAD)
- Positive attitude
- Sufficient preparation
- Adequately dynamic bse drug info. Is
dynamic

6. Introduction
• Overview
- References
- Subject description
- Subject content

7. Learning out comes
• Our expectations by end of the module:
-The ability to define key terms related to
drugs
-The ability to explain the basic principles of
drug actions and functions
-The knowledge required to classify drugs &
ID those commonly used in Uganda

8. By end of Module you are expected
to demonstrate
• The ability to describe drug administration
in terms of dosage, route and technique
• The knowledge & understanding how
drugs are regulated, ordered,transported
and stored in Uganda

9. Pharmacologic Terminologies
• Drug- any chemical that affects the
physiologic processes of a living organism
• Pharmacology- The study or science of
drugs (with 2 main branches-
Pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics)

10. Terminologies…
• Pharmacokinetics- the study of what the
body does to the drug molecules
• It encompases the processes of
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion of drugs Pharmacodynamics,
on the other hand, is the study of what the
drug does to the body.

11. Terminologies…
• Pharmacoldynamics involves drug
receptor interaction
• You hear people talking about beta
blocking agents, H receptor blockers….

12. Terminologies…
• Drug effect is the Physiologic response of
the body as a whole to the drug
• It describes how the function of the body
as a whole is affected by the drug (most
often –the therapeutic effect is implied
• Therapeutic effect- the desired effect of a
given drug

13. Terminologies
• Idiosycrancy from the prefix Idio, idio=
Unique, out of place
• So idiosyncratic reaction is a genetically
determined abnormal response to normal
dosages of a drug
• Genetically inherited traits that have
abnormal metabolism of a drug are found
in each population

14. Possible Causes?
• Defficiency of Drug metabolizing enzyme
• Excess of Drug metabolizing enzyme
• Ex.G6PD defficiency affects about
100million people & elicit Idiosn Rxns to
various drugs producing some degree of
drug induced hemolysis

15. Culprit drugs
• ASA- Rx?
• Nitrofurantoin - Rx?
• Primaquine - Rx?
• Probenecid - Rx?
• Sulfonamides - Rx?

16. Terminologies…
• Efficacy from Pharmacological pt; is the
max response attained when you take any
given drug or
• Capacity of a drug to effectively treat the
diagnosed condition
• Potency is the amount of drug required 4
response or effect (See illustration)

17. Questions

18. Classification of Drugs
• To grasp this knowledge – You need:
• Current BNF
• Current EDLU
• Current UCG
• Current & Dynamic in your knowledge
base

19. EDLU
• An official list of Essential drugs(Eds)
considered most appriopriate for use in the
UG. Public Health system (any other
country-Why?)
• EDs are those drugs which satisfy the
needs of majority population & should
therefore always be available in adequate
amounts and appriopriate dose forms

20. Stake holders of EDLU
• All Prescribing staff
• All Dispensing staff
• All other health professionals handling
medicine
• Government clinical HF
• Government PHF
• Private PHF

21. Factors to consider a drug for
EDLU
• Must be efficacious
• Safe drug (from the TI=ratio of ttt dose to
toxic dose)
• It is sometimes referred to as…………..?
• Quality drugs compliance of the drug
presentation wrt international STDs of
purity, composition and consistency

22. Drug selection for EDLU…
• Cost effective drug
considered in terms of availability and
effective alternative medicine or dose
forms
Appriopriate wrt changing disease patterns
stability,compliance,resistance,dose form
socio economic factors

23. EDLU
• To be updated every 3 years- depending
on input of clinicians….
• Is a guide to drug selection
• To be used togather with NSCG
• Compiled by members of NDA committee
on EDs

24. Classification of drugs
• Anaesthetics-General & oxygen
-Ether and halothane (HC4-Ref Hosp)
LOCAL –Lignocaine
Lignocaine + epinephrine….(HC4-Hosp)
Pre operative & Post operative Medication
Atropine inj.(IV/IM)…HC4
Diazepam rectal tubes …HC2
Morphine injection (IV/IM/IC)…HC4

25. Classification of Drugs…
• Analgesics, Antipyretics
-Non opiods-ASA 300mg, paracetamol 500
Diclofenac tabs,Injection (IV/IM
-Drugs used for gout –Allopurinol tabs
100mg ,Indomethacine tabs 25mg,
Probenecid 500mg(HC4),

26. OPIOD ANALGESICS…
• Opiod analgesics codeine 30mg tabs-HC4
• Dihydrocodein tablets 30mg HC 4
• Morphine Injection 15mg/ml (IV/IM/SC) HC
4
• Morphine oral soln 1mg/ml HC 3
• Morphine tablet 10mg HC 4
• Morphine tablet SR 30mg HC 3

27. Opioid Analgesics
• Pethidine tablet 50mg- HC 4
• Pethidine injection 50mg/ml (IV/IM/Sc)

28. Anti allergins & drugs used in
Anaphylaxis
• Chlorphenamine tablet 4mg –HC 2
• Cyproheptadine tablet 4mg H
• Cyproheptadine syrup 2mg/5ml H
• Dexamethasone injection 4mg/ml (IV/IM)
HC4
• Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Injection 1mg/ml
• Hydrocortisone sod succinate inj

29. Anti – Allergics…
• Prednisolone tablet 5 mg HC4
• Promethazine tablets 25mg HC2
• Promethazine injection 25mg/ml
Slow IV/IM

30. Antidotes
• General antidotes include:
-Charcoal activated tabs 250mg-HC2
-Ipecacuana syrup 0.14%
- Pralidoxime Injection 200mg/ml
IV/IM……….HC4

31. Antidodes-Specific
• Atropine Injection 1mg/ml IV/IM HC4
• Benztropine injection ,, ,, ,,

32. Antidote-Specific
• Calcium folinate-tab 15mg…. Ref Hosp.
• ,, Injection 3mg/ml IV/IM……..,,
• Naloxone inj. 400ug/ml IV/IM/SC…..Hosp
• ,, inj paed. 20ug/ml ,, ……HC4
• Sodium cal EDETATE….IV………..Hosp
• Sodium Nitrite inj.30mg/ml IV………..,,

33. Antiepileptics & Anticonvalsants
• Carbamazepine tabs.200mg HC4
• Clonazepam tabs 2mg………….Ref
• Diazepam tabs….Inj………HC2-HC4
• Ethosuximide tabs &syp 250mg….H
• Magnesium s04…for convulsions in
eclampsia…………………………HC3
• Phenorbabitone inj.200mg/ml..IV/IM..Ref

34. Anti-Infective Drugs
1.Anthelmintics (Intestinal)
Mebendazole tabs 500mg HC1
Niclosamide tabs* 500mg…….HC4
2*Antifilarials
Diethyl Carbamazine tabs 50mg Hosp
Ivermectine tabs 6mg HC3
3*Antischistosomals: Praziquantel tab
600mg HC3

35. Antibacterials: Beta lactam drugs
• Amoxyl; Amox+ Clavulanic acid (250+125)
• Ampicillin
• Benzathine benzyl penecillin (2.4MU/IM)
• Ceftriaxone 250mg IV/IM Ref
• CefuroximeNa. Inj 750mg IV/IM Ref
• Cloxacillin Inj HC4
• Flucloxacillin caps/Syp HC4

36. Antidotes
• General antidotes include:
-Charcoal activated tabs 250mg-HC2
-Ipecacuana syrup 0.14%
- Pralidoxime Injection 200mg/ml
IV/IM……….HC4

37. Questions?