This document discusses pharmaceutical ingredients and their classification. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs, how they work in the body, and the body's reaction to drugs. Drugs are classified as either active or inactive ingredients. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are the biologically active components that produce intended effects, while inactive or excipient ingredients generally have no biological effect but aid the manufacturing process or enhance stability. Common types of APIs include chemical and natural drugs, with examples provided. Excipients are classified based on their functional roles like binding, coating, or facilitating dispersion and dissolution. Ideal excipient properties are also outlined.

1. PHARMACEUTICAL
INGREDIENTS
SUBMITTED BY :- KRITIKA
CHANDEL

2. PHARMACOLOGY
 The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and
their properties.
 The study of how drugs from various sources work
inside the body for their intended purposes.
 The study of the body's reaction to drugs.

3. DRUG
Any substance which, when taken into the body,
alters the body's function either physically or
psychologically.
 Once these are absorbed into the systemic
circulation they bind with certain proteins and this
changes the functioning of the cell slightly.

4. Drug products have 2 main types of
ingredients
 Active ingredients — The ingredients that
biologically affect your body known as API.
 Inactive ingredients — These generally have no
biological effect known as EXCIPIENTS.

5. Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients
A substance used in a finished pharmaceutical product
(FPP), intended to furnish pharmacological activity or
to otherwise have direct effect in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease.

6. EXAMPLE

7. TYPES OF API
 Chemical synthetic drugs
Chemical synthetic drugs is one type of API, and it
can be further divided into :-
 Inorganic synthetic drugs - Aluminum
hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate, used for the
treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
 Organic synthetic drugs - Aspirin,
chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.

8. TYPES OF API
 Natural chemical drugs
Natural chemical drugs can be divided into :-
● Biochemical drugs - Antibiotics, generally
produced by fermentation of microorganisms.
● Phytochemical drugs - Paclitaxel (taxol), is an
important anticancer drug.
Resveratrol can be used to treat cancer, inflammatory
and blood-sugar-lowering.

9. EXCIPIENT
Excipients are inert pharmaceutical ingredients that
are used in product formulations.
Excipients may perform a variety of functional roles
in the pharmaceutical product.

10. What are excipients doing in
medicines?
Pharmaceutical excipients are substances that are
included in a pharmaceutical dosage form not for
their direct therapeutic action, but to aid the
manufacturing process, to protect, support or
enhance stability, or for bioavailability or patient
acceptability.

11. Ideal properties of excipient
Feasible
Stable for handling
Pharmacologically inert
Cost effective
No interaction with drug

12. Excipients may be classified into the following
categories:
Sweeteners rises
palatability of the
medicine.
Sorbents are the
materials that soak
up oil from the
water.
Preservatives
prolong the shelf
life of products.
Lubricants
prevent the
ingredients from
clumping together.
Glidants are
used to promote
powder flow by
reducing
interparticle
friction.

13. Excipients may be classified into the following
categories:
Fillers add volume
or mass.
Coatings is
applied for
protection,
masking, ease of
swallowing,
identification etc.
Binders hold the
ingredients in a
tablet together .
Antiadherents
prevent adhesion of
the tablet surface to
the cell walls.
Disintegrants are
substances which
facilitate dispersion
of tablets into
smaller particles for
quick dissolution.

14. THANK YOU