My presentation slides for the PH International Conference on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism held 12-13 September 2019 in Tbilisi, Georgia.

1. WHAT NEXT FOR P/CVE?
ONNIK JAMES KRIKORIAN

2. CIVIL SOCIETY AND CVE
“[...] the United Nations [...] Encourages Member States to engage relevant
local communities and non-governmental actors in developing strategies to
counter the violent extremist narrative [...], including by empowering youth,
families, women, religious, cultural and education leaders, and [...] civil
society [...].”
– UN Security Council Resolution 2178
(expanded upon in UN SCR 2396)

4. • 19 April 1995
Oklahoma Bombing
168 dead
• 22 July 2011
Oslo/Utoya
77 dead

5. TERMINOLOGIES
“Violent Extremism is advocating, engaging in, preparing, or otherwise
supporting ideologically motivated or justified violence to further social,
economic, or political objectives.”
– USAID

6. TERMINOLOGIES
“Ideology and/or unity of ideas that do not recognise the principle of
equality, and preach hatred, intolerance and violence, while at the same
time threatening the country’s democratic order and the rule of law, will
be perceived as extremism by the state.”
– National Counterterrorism Strategy, Georgia

10. NEO-NAZI MARCH,TBILISI, GEORGIA

11. WHY REHABILITATE?
“The consequences for society of so many people being exposed to the
violence and brutality of war and to radical extremist groups at the
forefront of the fighting are unpredictable, but unlikely to be positive.”
– RICHARD BARRETT, Soufan GroupVice-President and former Head
of Counter-Terrorism for the British Intelligence Services

12. WHY ARE THEY RETURNING?
• Disillusionment
• Captured
• Conditions
• Instructed

13. VIOLENT EXTREMIST NARRATIVES
• BRUTALITY
• MERCY
• VICTIMHOOD
• STRENGTH
• BELONGING
• UTOPIA

14. REASONS FOR RADICALISATION
• SOCIO-PYSCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
• SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
• POLITICAL FACTORS
• IDEOLOGICAL / RELIGIOUS
• CULTURAL AND IDENTITY FACTORS
• GROUP DYNAMICS
• AGE-RELATED FACTORS

15. TERMINOLOGIES
“Radicalization is a dynamic process whereby an individual comes to accept
[…] violence as a possible, perhaps even legitimate, course of action. ”
– Preventing Terrorism and CounteringViolent Extremism and
Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism:A Community-Policing Approach,
OSCETransnationalThreats Department / Office for Democratic Institutions

16. TERMINOLOGIES
De-radicalisation:The process of altering extreme (political, religious,
sociological) views to a more moderate position which is deemed more
acceptable within society. Infers the subject was radicalised at some point.
Disengagement: The action or process of withdrawing from involvement or
behaviour associated with an extremist ideology or group.
– PH International,Training Program for Influencers on CounteringViolent
Extremism (CVE)

17. P/CVE
• UNDERSTANDING PUSH, PULL, ENABLING FACTORS
• COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
• RELIGIOUS / COMMUNITY /YOUTH LEADERS
• LOCAL NGOS
• SOCIAL SERVICES

18. REHABILITATION
• Risk Assessment
• Tailored Individual Approach
• Coordinated Agencies
• Local Communication Strategy
• Intervention Action Plan

19. RESOCIALISATION, REINTEGRATION,
AND REHABILITATION
• Family Support
• Mentoring and Counselling
• Mental Health
• Practicalities

20. CHALLENGES
• Type of Involvement
• Gathering Evidence
• Family Involvement
• Legislation and Sentencing
• Women and Juvenile Returnees
• Public Opinion

23. DISCUSSION