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Persia Macedonia Expansion
- 1. Persian Macedonia Expansion Conquers of Alexander the Great
- 2. Review • Persian Wars (500-479 B.C)
- 5. Review • Persian Wars • Darius attacked Athens in 490 B.C • Athens repelled the invasion.
- 8. Double Envelopment • Game of Thrones: Battle of the Bastards
- 11. Persians attempting to force the pass at Thermopylae
- 12. Leonidas and the 300 Spartans
- 15. Macedonia
- 16. King Philip II • Ruled Macedonia from 359- 336 B.C. and transformed it into a powerful military machine. • By 338 he had Greece under his control.
- 17. Alexander the Great • Heavily influenced by Greek culture. • Alexander moved quickly to fulfil his father’s dream – The conquest of the Persian Empire. • “Alexander inherited from his father the most perfectly organized, trained, and equipped army of ancient times.”
- 18. Alexander’s Warfare • Companion Cavalry - Alexander’s elite cavalry, the offensive arm of his army, and his elite guard.
- 19. Alexander’s Warfare • The Phalanx Formation
- 21. Alexander’s Warfare • Hoplite o The main melee warrior of the Macedonian army. o Worked mainly in the tight phalanx formation, creating impregnable lines that often left the enemy demoralized.
- 23. Alexander’s Warfare • The Ballista
- 24. • Alexander has a total of 37,000 Greek and Macedonia armies, 5000 of which were cavalry.
- 25. The Conquest Begins: 334 BCE • Alexander has a total of 37,000 Greek and Macedonia armies, 5000 of which were cavalry. Conquests Dates • Freed Ionian Greek cities 333 BCE • Palestine, Syria, & Egypt 332 BCE • The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BCE
- 27. Conquests • For the next three years, Alexander moves east and northeast. (Afghanistan & Pakistan) • In 326 BCE, Alexander moves into India. o Series of a hard fought campaigns o Macedonians refuse to go any farther
- 28. Alexander and the Principles of War • Maneuver • Mass • Surprise • Security • Objective • Economy of Force • Offensive • Unity of Command • Simplicity
- 29. The End of Alexander’s Empire o Married Roxanna and had his men also intermarry o Adopted Eastern dress and habits o Publicly insisted upon his descent from the gods o Began giving key positions to Persians. • The Macedonians were tired of campaigning and resented the changes in Alexander’s behavior and become mutinous • Alexander’s army returned to Babylon, where he dies in June 323 BCE of wounds, fever, and too much alcohol.
- 30. Alexander’s Legacy • The marriage of East and West • Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic Age – A period where Greek influence could be found throughout the known world
Editor's Notes
- Because of the Greek colonization it brought the city states in conflict with the Persian Empire. It resulted to a war in Persia which started (500-479 B.C.)
- Persian Territory
- Colonies ng mga Greeks
- 1. Because of the Greek colonization it brought the city states in conflict with the Persian Empire. It resulted to a war in Persia. 2. To punish the Athenians and discourage future interference. The 2nd attack led to the Battle of Marathon.
- Battle of Marathon: - The Persians landed at the Plains of Marathon on September 9, 490 - For eight days, the two armies faced each other - On the ninth day, the Persians started to advance, forcing Miltiades, the commander in chief of the Athenian army, to deploy his army of 10,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataeans for battle
- The Athenians surrounded the Persians in a double envelopment. Although the Athenians were outnumbered, their spears were superior to the Persians’ bows and short lances. The Persians fled to their ships. They lost 6,400 men and seven ships while Athenians just lost 192.
- I watched a series wherein madaming battle ang nagaganap ang I can connect the double envelopment strategy sa Game of Thrones, yung Battle ng group ni Jon Snow sa House Bolton. Wherein yung Persia yung group ni Jon tas ang Athens yung Bolton.
- History of Marathons Miltiades realized that the Persian fleet could sail and attack the undefended city of Athens According to legend, he called upon Phidippides to run to Athens to tell them of the victory and warn them of the approaching Persian ships Phidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens in about three hours, successfully warning the Athenians who repelled the Persian invasion Phidippides was exhausted from the fight at Marathon and the 26 mile run and died upon announcing the warning. The marathon was part of the 1896 Olympic The course was from Marathon to Athens (24.85 miles or 40 km)
- Darius’s successor Xerxes tried to avenge the Persian losses by launching another attack in 480. (Battle of Thermopylae) The Greeks sent an allied army under the Spartan king Leonidas to Thermopylae, a narrow mountain pass in northeastern Greece.
- Purpose was to stall the Persians long enough that the city states could prepare for later major battles after the Persians broke through.
- Twice the Greeks repelled the Persians Leonidas ordered the rest of the army to withdraw and held the passage with just 300 Spartans As true Spartans, they chose death over retreat “Stranger, go tell the Spartans that we lie here in obedience to their laws.” naka inscribe sa tomb ni Leonidas
- The Persians captured and burned Athens but were defeated by the Athenian navy at Salamis In 479 the Persians were defeated at Plataea and forced back to Anatolia
- Phillip II is assassinated in 336 BCE. Phillip had prepared Alexander well for kingship. (Military Experience and Tutors) After King Philip II died, Alexander assumed the throne, he was only 20 when his father died.
- Inspired by the stories of Achilles and Hercules. Kept a dagger and a copy of the Iliad under his pillow. Wanted his accomplishments to surpass those of Hercules. - Accdg to J.F.C. Fuller from his book ,The Generalship of Alexander the Great
- They would be used in conjunction with the phalanx. The phalanx would fix the enemy in place and then the companion cavalry would attack on the flank.
- A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II and used by Alexander the Great.
- These are used to sieges that involved the surrounding and blockading of a town or fortress by an army trying to capture it. A variety of weapons were built to hurl projectiles over city walls, scale or batter the walls, and transport soldiers over them.
- 1. Heavily outnumbered, Alexander crushes the Persians at the Battle of Issus. 2. Alexander establishes Alexandria as the Greek capitol of Egypt 3. Near Babylon, Alexander decisively defeats Darius. He became the ruler of the entire Persian Empire.
- Dito ginamit nya ang kanyang warfares para magtagumpay sa kanyang mga laban.
- Maneuver Created a gap by causing Darius to shift forces to meet the initial attack on the right Mass Used the wedge formation at the gap in Darius’ line (decisive place and time) Surprise Kept Darius up all night expecting an attack and then attacked the next day when Darius was tired Objective Capture Darius in order to replace him as king Economy of force Accepted risk on his left in order to launch a strong attack on his right Offensive Attacked even though grossly outnumbered Unity of command Alexander personally led the Companion cavalry in the attack on the right Simplicity Much of what Alexander was able to do was based on the discipline his soldiers had gained from drill
- Hellenistic