Periferik fasiyal paralizi: Bell paralizisi: Yüz felci

•

8 likes•8,144 views

enisalpinguneri

Facial palsy, Bell's palsy, facial paralysisis

Periferik fasiyal paralizi: Bell paralizisi: Yüz felci

The vestibular system provides important sensory information about head movement and orientation. It consists of semicircular canals and otolith organs that detect rotational and linear acceleration. The vestibular system generates reflexes to stabilize gaze and posture. It feeds information to the brain which processes inputs from vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems to coordinate eye movements and maintain balance. The vestibular system is essential for spatial orientation, navigation, and regulating other bodily functions.

Vestibular system

Harshita89

The document discusses the vestibular apparatus, which is part of the inner ear and functions as a sensory organ for balance and equilibrium. It contains three semicircular canals oriented at right angles to detect rotational movement, as well as the utricle and saccule which contain the maculae and detect linear acceleration. Hair cells within the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals and within the maculae transmit signals about movement and acceleration to the brainstem via the vestibular nerve. The vestibular nuclei integrate this sensory information and coordinate motor responses to maintain balance and posture.

Physiology of Hearing and Equilibrium

Ajeet Kumar Khilnani

The organ of Corti contains outer and inner hair cells that transmit auditory stimuli through afferent pathways to the brain. Sound is conducted through the outer, middle, and inner ear before stimulating the hair cells. The vestibular system contains semicircular canals and otolith organs that detect head movement and gravity. It transmits signals through vestibular ganglia and nuclei to mediate reflexes for balance and eye movement. Both auditory and vestibular systems integrate sensory information in the brain to process sound and maintain equilibrium.

Videonystagmography.pptx

MrigankShekhar21

Videonystagmography (VNG) is a diagnostic test that records and analyzes eye movements using video imaging to differentiate between central and peripheral vestibular disorders. It includes tests of oculomotor function like saccades and smooth pursuit, as well as tests of the vestibulo-ocular reflex like caloric irrigation and positional maneuvers. VNG provides information about abnormalities in eye movement, nystagmus, and vestibular function to localize lesions in the brainstem, cerebellum or peripheral vestibular system.

Injury of the ear

kkirkemtp

Blast injury to the ear can damage several structures. The tympanic membrane is frequently ruptured by the primary blast wave due to its low rupture pressure. TM ruptures may heal spontaneously but persist in larger perforations, increasing risk of infection and cholesteatoma formation. Ossicular disruption is also common, absorbing some blast energy but potentially causing conductive hearing loss. Inner ear damage from basilar membrane tearing can lead to sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Proper management of blast ear injuries includes screening for TM rupture, conservative treatment, audiometry assessment and follow-up to monitor for complications.

Physiology of external, middle and inner ear

“Karishma R.Pandey”

The document summarizes the physiology of the external, middle, and inner ear in 3 sentences: The external ear funnels sound waves through the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the auditory ossicles that transmit vibrations through the bones to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, which converts sound waves into neural signals through hair cells and stereocilia in the organ of Corti that transmit signals to the auditory nerve.

The inner ear contains the bony labyrinth within the petrous bone and the membranous labyrinth within it. The bony labyrinth includes the vestibule, three semicircular canals, and cochlea. The membranous labyrinth contains the utricle, saccule, three semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct. Sensory receptors in these structures detect acceleration, head position, and sound to enable balance and hearing. Injuries can cause dizziness, hearing loss, tinnitus, or conditions like Meniere's disease.

Acute suppurative otitis media

AFREENSULTANA16

Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) and acute necrotizing otitis media are acute infections of the middle ear. ASOM typically affects children and is caused by bacterial infection through the eustachian tube. It progresses from tubal occlusion to suppuration over weeks. Symptoms include earache and fever. Treatment involves antibiotics, with myringotomy for severe cases. Acute necrotizing otitis media causes rapid destruction of the eardrum and bone. It requires aggressive antibiotics or mastoidectomy if antibiotics fail. Both conditions can lead to complications if not properly treated.

The Vestibular System

Csilla Egri

The document discusses the vestibular system, which detects angular and linear acceleration of the head. It has two main parts: the semicircular canals and otolith organs. The semicircular canals contain hair cells that detect rotational movement and signal the brain. The otolith organs contain hair cells and calcium crystals that detect gravity and linear acceleration. The vestibular system provides input to areas of the brainstem, cerebellum and cortex that are important for balance, posture, eye movements and awareness of head position. It discusses the anatomy and function of the vestibular system and several reflexes it controls like the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Anatomy of temporal bone and skull base

Md Roohia

The document discusses the anatomy of the skull base and temporal bone. It describes how the skull base develops from cartilage precursors and separates the brain from facial structures. It details the development of various skull base structures including the parachordal cartilage, sclerotomal cartilage, hypophyseal cartilage and others. It also discusses the anatomy of the temporal bone, including its four parts - the squamous, mastoid, petrous and tympanic portions. Key anatomical structures and landmarks are described for surgical and pathological relevance.

Vestibular apparatus involved in balancing and hearing process

Meenali's Biology Classes

Facial nerve tests

Dr. Rajendra Singh Lakhawat

This document discusses quantitative tests used to evaluate facial nerve function, including physical examination, topognostic tests like lacrimal function and taste tests, and imaging. It describes the House-Brackmann grading system for facial paralysis and limitations in evaluating acute paralysis. Sunderland's classification of peripheral nerve injuries is explained, categorizing injuries from neurapraxia to neurotmesis. Pathophysiology of various types of facial nerve lesions is discussed.

Tinnitus

alexandracostlow

Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound. It affects approximately 10-15% of the population and can be caused by hearing loss, noise exposure, ear injury, certain medications, dental problems, neurological disorders, and other factors. While there is no cure for tinnitus, treatment options aim to make the condition less noticeable and disruptive, including sound therapy, counseling, relaxation techniques, and in some cases medication or surgery. Tinnitus is a complex neurological phenomenon involving changes in the brain related to loss of normal auditory input, and it continues to be an active area of research seeking more effective treatment and management strategies.

Middle ear

ASRASAQIB1

The Olfactory nerve

Green Green

The olfactory nerve detects smells in the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal mucosa detect smells and send signals along axons through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb performs initial processing of smell signals before sending them to areas of the brain involved in emotion and smell perception like the amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex.

Diseases of nasal septum

LALIT KARKI

Intra operative monitoring facial nerve

Md Roohia

This document discusses intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during surgery. It describes monitoring brain and nerve pathways to reduce risks from surgery and protect the brain, nerves, and spinal cord. Specific techniques are covered, including electrical stimulation of pathways to identify changes from surgery and ensure integrity. Placement of recording electrodes and how they are used to monitor facial and other cranial nerves is also summarized.

Tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy ashly

ashlyalexanderkiran

Vestibular system -Maintenance of Balance and Equilibrium

Kristine Faith Tablizo

Balance

vajira54

The document discusses the physiology of balance and vestibular functions. It describes the major functions of the vestibular system which includes maintaining equilibrium, sensing motion and spatial orientation, and helping to stabilize eye movements and posture. It then discusses the specific structures involved, including the semicircular canals and otolith organs, and how they detect rotational and linear acceleration to provide sensory input about head movement and orientation. It concludes by discussing some of the reflexes and pathways involved in integrating vestibular information and maintaining balance and eye movements.

VEMP

KavishaShah29

VEMPs (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials) are a test that evaluates the saccule, inferior vestibular nerve, and vestibulocollic pathway by recording muscle activity in the sternocleidomastoid muscle in response to clicks or tones. VEMPs help assess lower brainstem function unlike other vestibular tests. The test involves delivering acoustic stimuli while recording any potentials from neck muscle contraction. Abnormal VEMP results can indicate various peripheral and central vestibular disorders. VEMPs provide a sensitive, non-invasive way to evaluate otolith function and detect retrocochlear lesions.

TESTS FOR AUDITORY ASSESSMENT

Dr. Parul Sachdeva

Tympanometry

Dr Yatish Kumar B L

This document discusses tympanometry, which is a test used to evaluate the function of the eardrum and middle ear. It describes how sound is transmitted through different media and factors like impedance, compliance, and pressure that are measured. There are three main types of tympanograms - A, B, and C - as well as normal tympanometry results. Clinical scenarios involving tympanometry are listed. The acoustic reflex test is also covered, noting it is simple, non-invasive, objective, and can be used for newborn babies.

Tinnitus and It's Treatment

Amit kumar

Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no external noise is present. It is commonly referred to as "ringing in the ears" but can take many forms such as hissing, buzzing, or whooshing. Tinnitus can be either subjective (heard only by the patient) or objective (audible to others). It is associated with hearing loss, ear injuries, and other medical conditions. Management options include sound therapy, hearing aids, relaxation techniques, and cognitive behavioral therapy to help patients cope with tinnitus symptoms.

Physiology of equilibrium - Vestibular System

sanjaygeorge90

This document summarizes the physiology of equilibrium and balance. It describes the structures involved, including the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals. It explains how the utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration and orientation using hair cells and otoliths, while the semicircular canals detect rotational movement through endolymph flow. Working together with visual input, neck proprioceptors, and the central nervous system, these structures maintain balance through vestibular pathways and reflexes that stimulate appropriate postural muscles.

NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

Dr.Kaushik Sutradhar

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) can be caused by exposure to loud noises over time. It typically affects higher frequencies initially and can be either temporary or permanent. NIHL is common in occupations with high noise exposure like manufacturing. The damage occurs through metabolic and structural changes in the inner ear from excessive noise stimulation. Prevention involves wearing hearing protection and implementing hearing conservation programs in noisy workplaces. Compensation claims for NIHL require proving long-term exposure to hazardous noise levels caused the observed hearing loss.

12 cranial-sinir-dis3-2015

Cagatay Barut

Meniere hastalığının güncel tedavisi

enisalpinguneri