Self-Excited induction generators (SEIG) display a low voltage and frequency regulation due to variable applied load and input rotation speed. Current work presents a simulation and performance analysis of a three-phase wind-driven, SEIG connect to a three-phase load. In addition, an investigation of the dynamic operation of the induction generator from starting steady state until no-load operation. It is assumed that the input mechanical power is constant where the rotor of the SEIG rotates at a constant speed. The value of the excitation capacitance which is necessary to the operation of the induction generator also computed to ensure a smooth and self-excitation starting. The output voltage of the generator is adjusted by varying the reactive power injected by STATCOM. A 3-phase IGBT voltage source inverter with a fuel cell input supply is connected as STATCOM which is used to compensate for the reduction in the supply voltage and its frequency due to variation occurred in the applied loads. This work includes introducing a neuro-fuzzyy logic controller to enhance the performance of the SEIG by regulation the generated voltage and frequency. The dynamic model of SEIG with STATCOM and loads are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
FIRING ANGLE SVC MODEL FOR ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK ...IAEME Publication
This paper deals with Power flow, which is necessary for any power system solution and carry
out a comprehensive study of the Newton- Raphson method of power flow analysis with and without
SVC. Voltage stability analysis is the major concern in order to operate any power system as
secured. This paper presents the investigation on N-R power flow enhancement of voltage stability
and power loss minimization with & without FACTS controllers such as Static Var Compensator
(SVC) device. The Static Var Compensator (SVC) provides a promising means to control power
flow in modern power systems. In this paper the Newton-Raphson is used to investigate its effect on
voltage profile and power system lossess with and without SVC in power system.. Simulations
investigate the effect of voltage magnitude and angle with and without SVC on the power flow of
the system. This survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the
relevant references in the field of Newton-Raphson power flow control with SVC in power systems.
In order to reach the above goals, these devices must be located optimally. In this paper the
Optimal placement of SVC is carried out by Voltage collapse Prediction Index (VCPI).The size of
the SVC is determined by suitable firing angle which reduces the losses in the system. Simulations
have been implemented in MATLAB Software and the IEEE 14 and IEEE 57-bus systems have been
used as case studies.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Hydraulics now a days is a very distinguished area which has lot of major challenges often came in its
progress due to the realistic changes affecting on applicable working fluid viz. Water. Most occasions,
Water can be easily available but in certain times it may be scarce also. The available water vary according
to its properties. It exists in normal conditions as well as salty or hardy due to deposits. Majority of Water
is contaminated with minerals, dust or dirt. Often pure water which may be acidic or alkaline can be used
for making discharges through the Turbines
Emulated reactance and resistance by a SSSC incorporating energy storage deviceIJECEIAES
Static Synchronous series compensator without energy storage device can exchange only reactive power with the network and can operate in limited operating range in two quadrants only. When energy storage device is connected at the DC bus of SSSC (SSSC – ES), it can also exchange real power with the network. Operating range of SSSC will be much broader and it covers all the four quadrants. However, emulated reactance and resistance by SSSC – ES is likely to affect the performance of a distance protection system. This paper presents a detailed model of an SMIB system with SSSC – ES. Injected voltage by SSSC – ES in all the four quadrants of operation is presented. Impact of operation of SSSC _ ES in different quadrants and various control strategies for SSSC – ES on impedance emulated by SSSC – ES during steady state condition and transient system disturbance is discussed.
Unbalanced Voltages Impacts on the Energy Performance of Induction Motors IJECEIAES
This paper presents the results of a study about the effects of unbalanced voltages on the energy performance of three-phase induction motors. The principal contribution of this paper is that presents a detailed analysis of the influence of positive and negative sequence voltage components and the angle between them on several characteristics such as: line currents, losses, efficiency and power factor under different voltage unbalanced conditions. A three-phase induction motor of 3 HP was used as a case study. The results of the investigation show that the positive sequence voltage must be considered together with the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) or percent voltage unbalance (PVU) index to evaluate the performance of the induction motor. It is also shown that the behavior of the motor load influences on the positive sequence parameters next to the voltage, while in the case of negative sequence only influences the negative sequence voltage.
Fault Ride-Through capability of DSTATCOM for Distributed Wind Generation SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, fault ride through analysis of a low voltage distribution system
augmented with distributed wind generation using squirrel cage induction
generator and distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is carried out
through modeling and simulation study in MATLAB. The impact of
unbalanced (single line to ground) fault in a low voltage distribution system
in normal and severe conditions is studied and analyzed in details. Analysis
on system instability is also shown in case of sever fault condition. A
distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is used to improve fault ride
through (FRT) capability of wind generation system by compensating
positive sequence voltage. A comparison of dynamic response of the system
with and without DSTATCOM and effects of DSTATCOM on voltage and
generator speed are presented. The simulation results shows that
DSTATCOM is capable of reducing the voltage dips and improving the
voltage profiles by providing reactive power support to distributed wind
generation system under unbalanced fault condition and enhances the fault
ride through capability of the wind generator.
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
FIRING ANGLE SVC MODEL FOR ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK ...IAEME Publication
This paper deals with Power flow, which is necessary for any power system solution and carry
out a comprehensive study of the Newton- Raphson method of power flow analysis with and without
SVC. Voltage stability analysis is the major concern in order to operate any power system as
secured. This paper presents the investigation on N-R power flow enhancement of voltage stability
and power loss minimization with & without FACTS controllers such as Static Var Compensator
(SVC) device. The Static Var Compensator (SVC) provides a promising means to control power
flow in modern power systems. In this paper the Newton-Raphson is used to investigate its effect on
voltage profile and power system lossess with and without SVC in power system.. Simulations
investigate the effect of voltage magnitude and angle with and without SVC on the power flow of
the system. This survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the
relevant references in the field of Newton-Raphson power flow control with SVC in power systems.
In order to reach the above goals, these devices must be located optimally. In this paper the
Optimal placement of SVC is carried out by Voltage collapse Prediction Index (VCPI).The size of
the SVC is determined by suitable firing angle which reduces the losses in the system. Simulations
have been implemented in MATLAB Software and the IEEE 14 and IEEE 57-bus systems have been
used as case studies.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Hydraulics now a days is a very distinguished area which has lot of major challenges often came in its
progress due to the realistic changes affecting on applicable working fluid viz. Water. Most occasions,
Water can be easily available but in certain times it may be scarce also. The available water vary according
to its properties. It exists in normal conditions as well as salty or hardy due to deposits. Majority of Water
is contaminated with minerals, dust or dirt. Often pure water which may be acidic or alkaline can be used
for making discharges through the Turbines
Emulated reactance and resistance by a SSSC incorporating energy storage deviceIJECEIAES
Static Synchronous series compensator without energy storage device can exchange only reactive power with the network and can operate in limited operating range in two quadrants only. When energy storage device is connected at the DC bus of SSSC (SSSC – ES), it can also exchange real power with the network. Operating range of SSSC will be much broader and it covers all the four quadrants. However, emulated reactance and resistance by SSSC – ES is likely to affect the performance of a distance protection system. This paper presents a detailed model of an SMIB system with SSSC – ES. Injected voltage by SSSC – ES in all the four quadrants of operation is presented. Impact of operation of SSSC _ ES in different quadrants and various control strategies for SSSC – ES on impedance emulated by SSSC – ES during steady state condition and transient system disturbance is discussed.
Unbalanced Voltages Impacts on the Energy Performance of Induction Motors IJECEIAES
This paper presents the results of a study about the effects of unbalanced voltages on the energy performance of three-phase induction motors. The principal contribution of this paper is that presents a detailed analysis of the influence of positive and negative sequence voltage components and the angle between them on several characteristics such as: line currents, losses, efficiency and power factor under different voltage unbalanced conditions. A three-phase induction motor of 3 HP was used as a case study. The results of the investigation show that the positive sequence voltage must be considered together with the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) or percent voltage unbalance (PVU) index to evaluate the performance of the induction motor. It is also shown that the behavior of the motor load influences on the positive sequence parameters next to the voltage, while in the case of negative sequence only influences the negative sequence voltage.
Fault Ride-Through capability of DSTATCOM for Distributed Wind Generation SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, fault ride through analysis of a low voltage distribution system
augmented with distributed wind generation using squirrel cage induction
generator and distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is carried out
through modeling and simulation study in MATLAB. The impact of
unbalanced (single line to ground) fault in a low voltage distribution system
in normal and severe conditions is studied and analyzed in details. Analysis
on system instability is also shown in case of sever fault condition. A
distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is used to improve fault ride
through (FRT) capability of wind generation system by compensating
positive sequence voltage. A comparison of dynamic response of the system
with and without DSTATCOM and effects of DSTATCOM on voltage and
generator speed are presented. The simulation results shows that
DSTATCOM is capable of reducing the voltage dips and improving the
voltage profiles by providing reactive power support to distributed wind
generation system under unbalanced fault condition and enhances the fault
ride through capability of the wind generator.
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a novel variable speed control algorithm for a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The main objective is to track the maximum power curve characteristic by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller, and to compare it with the conventional optimal torque control method for large inertia wind turbines. The role of the FLC is to adapt the transfer function of the harvested mechanical power controller according to the operating point in variable wind speed. The control system has two sub-systems for the rotor side and the grid side converters (RSC, GSC). Active and reactive power control of the back-to- back converters has been achieved indirectly by controlling q-axis and d-axis current components. The main function of the RSC controllers is to track the maximum power through controlling the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. The GSC controls the DC-link voltage, and guarantees unity power factor between the GSC and the grid. The proposed system is developed and tested in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS) environment.
ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS COMPENSATION DEVICES FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIN...IAEME Publication
In recent trend, the renewable source of energy is increasingly used in the electric power generation, which leads to certain power quality issues. Hence some of the supplementary devices like capacitors, compensators or reactive power injection devices are added to the compensation system. With the advancement in power electronics, compensating devices such as Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Static Var Compensator (SVC) etc. are used. In this paper, the characteristics of three important compensating devices DVR, UPQC and DSTATCOM are analysed. Initially these devices are modelled and their performance is analysed with common power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell and harmonics. The overall outcome suggests that the performance of the DSTATCOM is comparatively better than that of the other two devices, which become the most suitable device for power quality improvement in wind energy system.
Nowadays power electronics circuits are embedded to most of electrical application areas. This approached offers a great control mechanism with simple and easy circuit configuration. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the most recent apparatus which draws a great number of researchers’ interests. Previously several attempts are made to use the power converters as driver for SRM such as Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and bridge converters. This paper presents an analysis study of three level inverter to control the SRM. The inverter is controlled using space vector modulation SVM. The aim of this paper is to report the use the multilevel inverter to be fed into the SRM. The implementation of the multilevel inverter is abl to reduce the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD). Performance comparison are made between the multilevel and previous power electronics circuits that applied to the SRM. The simulation results have been conducted by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
This paper explained details of Comparison of solar based closed loop DC -DC converter using PID and ANN Control for Shunt motor drive. Solar panel output is given to full bridge converter, stepup transformer, full wave converter, ∏ filter and Shunt motor drive are connected.Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of the motor produce a signal, based on the signal, full wave conveter produce the voltage to run the motor, Speed of motor,Torque and Armature current,Rise time,Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured and evaluated by experimental.A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 1000 RPM speed of shunt motor arrived and tested.
The proposed work comprises of an MPPT controlled Photovoltaic (PV) source, in conjunction with a supercapacitor, cascaded with a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) Inverter, supplying variable linear and nonlinear loads. The effects of varying solar irradiation and its intermittency have been effectively managed by the MPPT controlled boost converter and charge controlled supercapacitor respectively. The charge controller bucks and boosts the terminal voltage and realizes the power flow in a bidirectional manner. Seamless action has been obtained by the proposed model under varying irradiation and for varying load conditions. The performance of the SMC controlled Inverter, when compared with a PI controlled Inverter, has been found to be superior in terms of power quality and robustness of the supply system.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The main objective of this work is to model and simulate DC to DC Boost Converter using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) topology using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS). The output voltage is controlled by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. Four pairs of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is used as the switching device where for each pair, it is located in parallel and opposite direction. Safe commutation technique is performed in preventing voltage spike at the output. Through the simulation, at switching frequency of 25kHz, the model is able to step up its input voltage about two times larger and all of the results achieved a good agreement with the principle of four quadrant operation. It is also realized that without the implementation of safe commutation technique, spikes were generated and the model is unable to boost its input voltage. All of the selected results from the analysis which includes variation of quadrant, switching frequency, duty cycle and resistive load are presented in this paper.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This paper is an attempt to develop an Induction Motor Drive System with Multilevel Inverter topology for reduced torque ripple application. A Nine level-cascaded multilevel inverter is developed for the induction motor drive with SVPWM control powered by boost converter fed using solar PV supply. The SVPWM control based implementation of vector control using a multilevel inverter topology needs a multilevel SVPWM control technique, which is implemented in this paper. The Solar power supplied is applied with the MPPT technique and the supplied DC power is fed to the three phase cascaded 9 level multilevel inverter. The vector control of induction motor is carried out using the SVPWM technique on the multilevel topology. The torque ripple reduction in the output is observed and compared with the vector control of induction motor. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred.
TRANSIENT STABILITY ENHANCEMENT BY USING DSSC AND PSSIAEME Publication
Synchronous operation of generators in power system is required to supply continuous electricity to customers. Proper transient stability must be maintained for stable operation of power system. To enhance the transient stability of power system FACTS or D-FACTS technology can be used. In this paper, Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) which, belongs to D-FACTS technology is used to enhance the transient stability of two-machine system with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) as an auxiliary controller and it is found that DSSC along with PSS is able to maintain required transient stability during severe three-phase to ground fault.
A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter IJECEIAES
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
This paper presents simulation and experimental results of anti-windup PI controller to improve induction machine speed control based on direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Problems like rollover can arise in conventional PI controller due to saturation effect. In order to avoid such problems anti-windup PI controller is presented. This controller is simple for implementation in practice. The proposed anti-windup PI controller demonstrates better dynamic step changes response in speed in terms of overshoots. All simulation work was done using Simulink in the MATLAB software. The experimental results were obtained by practical implementation on a dSPACE 1104 board for a 1.5 KW induction machine. Simulation and experimental results have proven a good performance and verified the validity of the presented control strategy.
Improving Voltage Profile of Islanded Microgrid using PI Controller IJECEIAES
In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.
The growing demand for electricity and the increasing integration of clean energies into the electrical grids requires the multiplication and reinforcement of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) projects throughout the world and demonstrates the interest in this electricity transmission technology. The transmitting system of the voltage source converter-high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) consists primarily of two converter stations that are connected by a dc cable. In this paper, a nonlinear control based on the backstepping approach is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of a VSC-HVDC transmission system, these transport systems are characterized by different complexities such as parametric uncertainties, coupled state variables, neglected dynamics, presents a very interesting research topic. Our contribution through adaptive control based on the backstepping approach allows regulating the direct current (DC) bus voltage and the active and reactive powers of the converter stations. Finally, the validity of the proposed control has been verified under various operating conditions by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Operational performance of a PV generator feeding DC shunt and induction moto...IJECEIAES
This paper presented the transient and operational behavior of a parallel Combination of DC Shunt Motor and IM fed by a photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. The maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator was achieved for different solar intensities, by utilizing an open circuit voltage method. The nonlinear operational behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor were both modeled by high order polynomial mathematical expressions. The study investigated the response of the system at different solar irradiance levels and changing the torque loads for both motors and then following step change in solar intensity levels with fixed loading torques for both motors. All numerical simulations were executed using MATLAB software.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS COMPENSATION DEVICES FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIN...IAEME Publication
In recent trend, the renewable source of energy is increasingly used in the electric power generation, which leads to certain power quality issues. Hence some of the supplementary devices like capacitors, compensators or reactive power injection devices are added to the compensation system. With the advancement in power electronics, compensating devices such as Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Static Var Compensator (SVC) etc. are used. In this paper, the characteristics of three important compensating devices DVR, UPQC and DSTATCOM are analysed. Initially these devices are modelled and their performance is analysed with common power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell and harmonics. The overall outcome suggests that the performance of the DSTATCOM is comparatively better than that of the other two devices, which become the most suitable device for power quality improvement in wind energy system.
Nowadays power electronics circuits are embedded to most of electrical application areas. This approached offers a great control mechanism with simple and easy circuit configuration. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the most recent apparatus which draws a great number of researchers’ interests. Previously several attempts are made to use the power converters as driver for SRM such as Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and bridge converters. This paper presents an analysis study of three level inverter to control the SRM. The inverter is controlled using space vector modulation SVM. The aim of this paper is to report the use the multilevel inverter to be fed into the SRM. The implementation of the multilevel inverter is abl to reduce the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD). Performance comparison are made between the multilevel and previous power electronics circuits that applied to the SRM. The simulation results have been conducted by MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
This paper explained details of Comparison of solar based closed loop DC -DC converter using PID and ANN Control for Shunt motor drive. Solar panel output is given to full bridge converter, stepup transformer, full wave converter, ∏ filter and Shunt motor drive are connected.Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of the motor produce a signal, based on the signal, full wave conveter produce the voltage to run the motor, Speed of motor,Torque and Armature current,Rise time,Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured and evaluated by experimental.A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 1000 RPM speed of shunt motor arrived and tested.
The proposed work comprises of an MPPT controlled Photovoltaic (PV) source, in conjunction with a supercapacitor, cascaded with a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) Inverter, supplying variable linear and nonlinear loads. The effects of varying solar irradiation and its intermittency have been effectively managed by the MPPT controlled boost converter and charge controlled supercapacitor respectively. The charge controller bucks and boosts the terminal voltage and realizes the power flow in a bidirectional manner. Seamless action has been obtained by the proposed model under varying irradiation and for varying load conditions. The performance of the SMC controlled Inverter, when compared with a PI controlled Inverter, has been found to be superior in terms of power quality and robustness of the supply system.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The main objective of this work is to model and simulate DC to DC Boost Converter using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) topology using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS). The output voltage is controlled by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. Four pairs of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is used as the switching device where for each pair, it is located in parallel and opposite direction. Safe commutation technique is performed in preventing voltage spike at the output. Through the simulation, at switching frequency of 25kHz, the model is able to step up its input voltage about two times larger and all of the results achieved a good agreement with the principle of four quadrant operation. It is also realized that without the implementation of safe commutation technique, spikes were generated and the model is unable to boost its input voltage. All of the selected results from the analysis which includes variation of quadrant, switching frequency, duty cycle and resistive load are presented in this paper.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This paper is an attempt to develop an Induction Motor Drive System with Multilevel Inverter topology for reduced torque ripple application. A Nine level-cascaded multilevel inverter is developed for the induction motor drive with SVPWM control powered by boost converter fed using solar PV supply. The SVPWM control based implementation of vector control using a multilevel inverter topology needs a multilevel SVPWM control technique, which is implemented in this paper. The Solar power supplied is applied with the MPPT technique and the supplied DC power is fed to the three phase cascaded 9 level multilevel inverter. The vector control of induction motor is carried out using the SVPWM technique on the multilevel topology. The torque ripple reduction in the output is observed and compared with the vector control of induction motor. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred.
TRANSIENT STABILITY ENHANCEMENT BY USING DSSC AND PSSIAEME Publication
Synchronous operation of generators in power system is required to supply continuous electricity to customers. Proper transient stability must be maintained for stable operation of power system. To enhance the transient stability of power system FACTS or D-FACTS technology can be used. In this paper, Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) which, belongs to D-FACTS technology is used to enhance the transient stability of two-machine system with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) as an auxiliary controller and it is found that DSSC along with PSS is able to maintain required transient stability during severe three-phase to ground fault.
A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter IJECEIAES
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
This paper presents simulation and experimental results of anti-windup PI controller to improve induction machine speed control based on direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Problems like rollover can arise in conventional PI controller due to saturation effect. In order to avoid such problems anti-windup PI controller is presented. This controller is simple for implementation in practice. The proposed anti-windup PI controller demonstrates better dynamic step changes response in speed in terms of overshoots. All simulation work was done using Simulink in the MATLAB software. The experimental results were obtained by practical implementation on a dSPACE 1104 board for a 1.5 KW induction machine. Simulation and experimental results have proven a good performance and verified the validity of the presented control strategy.
Improving Voltage Profile of Islanded Microgrid using PI Controller IJECEIAES
In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.
The growing demand for electricity and the increasing integration of clean energies into the electrical grids requires the multiplication and reinforcement of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) projects throughout the world and demonstrates the interest in this electricity transmission technology. The transmitting system of the voltage source converter-high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) consists primarily of two converter stations that are connected by a dc cable. In this paper, a nonlinear control based on the backstepping approach is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of a VSC-HVDC transmission system, these transport systems are characterized by different complexities such as parametric uncertainties, coupled state variables, neglected dynamics, presents a very interesting research topic. Our contribution through adaptive control based on the backstepping approach allows regulating the direct current (DC) bus voltage and the active and reactive powers of the converter stations. Finally, the validity of the proposed control has been verified under various operating conditions by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Operational performance of a PV generator feeding DC shunt and induction moto...IJECEIAES
This paper presented the transient and operational behavior of a parallel Combination of DC Shunt Motor and IM fed by a photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. The maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator was achieved for different solar intensities, by utilizing an open circuit voltage method. The nonlinear operational behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor were both modeled by high order polynomial mathematical expressions. The study investigated the response of the system at different solar irradiance levels and changing the torque loads for both motors and then following step change in solar intensity levels with fixed loading torques for both motors. All numerical simulations were executed using MATLAB software.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Influencing Power Flow and Transient Stability by Static Synchronous Series C...ijeei-iaes
In the present world, modern power system networks, being a complicated combination of generators, transmission lines, transformers, circuit breakers and other devices, are more vulnerable to various types of faults causing stability problems. Among these faults, transient fault is believed to be a major disturbance as it causes large damage to a sound system within a certain period of time. Therefore, the protection against transient faults, better known as transient stability control is one of the major considerations for the power system engineers. This paper presents the control approach in the transmission line during transient faults by means of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) in order to stabilize Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system. In this paper, SSSC is represented by variable voltage injection associated with the transformer leakage reactance and the voltage source. The comparative results depict that the swing curve of a system increases monotonically after the occurrence of transient faults However, SSSC is effective enough to make it stable after a while.
Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded ...IJECEIAES
The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified I d -I q control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Modeling and Simulation of Self Excited Induction Machine for Wind Power Gene...IDES Editor
Objective of this paper is to propose modeling and
simulation of self-excited induction machine for wind power
generation (SEIMWPG). The earlier models of such
generators capable of generating electric power are facing
huge mechanical losses due to wear and tear in the tightly
coupled mechanical gear systems. Due to this heavy
arrangement in each and every constituent mechanical
assembly, the earlier design could not provide maximum
efficiency. In this paper the proposed model focuses on the
performance of the system using the concept of variation of
mutual inductance in the generator windings. This new model
can be possible to generate maximum power with the variation
of mutual inductance of stator and rotor windings irrespective
of the variation of wind velocities. The complete system is
modeled and simulated in the MAT LAB/ SIMULINK
environment. The results of this renewable model and design
are to promote green energy systems in the future.
Real-Time simulation of static synchronous condenser for compensation of reac...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a real time simulation stability of power system by static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), also known as astatic synchronous condenser (STATCON) in modern platform real-time simulator named (RT-LAB) using the latest INTEL quad-core processors to simulate a relatively large power system In our work, We have to study the problem of controlling voltage and reactive power in electric system by STATCOM. All the simulations for the above work have been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink and RT-LAB. Various simulations have given very satisfactory results and we have successfully improved the voltage by injecting a FACTS device, which is the STATCOM, the Studies and comparisons of real-time simulation results of the power system without and with STATCOM connected illustrate the effectiveness and capability of STATCOM in improving voltage stability in the power system.
dSPACE Implementation for a Fuzzy Logic Voltage Control using a Self-Excited ...IJECEIAES
The present work describes the analysis of a control scheme for keeping the RMS voltage output constant, the system is supplying by a self-excited induction generator with variable speed and load. A comparison is examined between simulation and experimental results using dSPACE board. The results are provided to verify the effectiveness of this approach and gives very high performance.
DC-link voltage balancing and control of qZ-source inverter fed induction mo...IJECEIAES
Poor performance of the motor drive system is caused when the direct currentlink (DC-link) capacitor voltages of the inverter are not sufficiently generated. This is mainly because of the various load torque changes and input voltage fluctuation. The qZ-source inverter operates with a fully shoot-through technique. This technique causes mismatching between the upper and lower DC-link capacitor voltages. Without capacitor voltage-balancing function, the desired DC-link capacitor voltages could not be provided or maintained when there are load and speed changes. A Sawtooth carrier-based simple boost triple-sixty-degree (TSD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used to drive the qZ-source T-type inverter because this technique can give a more significant boost DC-link voltage than a traditional simple boost PWM technique. Proportional integral (PI) controller is applied for the DC-link voltage controller to achieve the fast response and less steady-state error. The simulation model was constructed for a 4 kW, 400 V, 1,400 rpm induction motor (IM) drive system used in rolling mill using MATLAB/Simulink with and without voltage balancing function. As a result, DC-link voltages of the qZ-source T-type inverter fed the induction motor drive system could be controlled using a capacitor voltage-balancing function and the output power of the motor from the simulation result is approximately equal to 4 kW
Voltage Stabilization of a Wind Turbine with STATCOM Using Intelligent Contro...ijeei-iaes
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind System is investigated. The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly reactive power with power grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the wind system at suddenly step up or down in wind speed is obtained with STATCOM. This paper describes a complete simulation of voltage regulation of a wind system using STATCOM. Conventional control technique as proportional plus integral controller , and intelligent techniques as FLC and ANFIS are used in this work. The control technique is performed using MATLAB package software. The dynamic response of uncontrolled system is also investigated under wide range of disturbances. The voltage regulation by using STATCOM whose output is varied so as to maintain or control output voltage in the system. The dynamic response of controlled system is shown and comparison between the uncontrolled system and the controlled system is described to assure the validity of the proposed controller. Also comparison between the proposed control methods scheme is presented. To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controllers, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability and voltage.
Analysis of power quality improvement in grid connected wind driven induction...eSAT Journals
Abstract As a promising renewable alternative, the wind power is one of the significant sources of generation. Reactive power compensation and harmonic reduction in a low voltage distribution networks for integration of wind power to the grid are the main issues addressed in this paper. This paper proposes a control scheme based on instaneous Pq theory for compensating the reactive power requirement of a three phase grid connected wind driven induction generator as well as the harmonics produced by the non linear load connected to the PCC using STATCOM. The proposed control scheme is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The Simulation results are presented in this paper. Keywords- wind power, distribution network, induction generator, STATCOM, reactive power.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
SIMULATION OF IMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY USING STATCOM-CONTROL SCHEME WITH ...ijiert bestjournal
The use of wind energy generation in electrical gri d is increasing worldwide. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The generated wind power is always not constant due to its time varying nature and causing stability problems. This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the el ectrical network affects the power quality and reliability. In this paper the power quality pr oblem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid is determine. In this proposed scheme Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling to reduce t he power quality problems. The STATCOM gives reactive power support to wind genera tor and also load. The proposed system maintains the grid voltage free from distort ion and harmonics. In this paper the effect of STATCOM is presented. The behavior of STATCOM is studied under reactive l oading condition.
Design of a new backstepping controller for control of microgrid sources inv...IJECEIAES
Emergency power supply is becoming an important capability for many home or industrial electronic and computer devices. Therefore, the performance of the designed uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) inverters has low distortion at the output voltage. Initially, such inverters were controlled by proportional integral (PI) control classic rules. This method is difficult to understand the limitations of stability and to apply transient response to strong external disturbances. In this paper, an inverter is simulated and offered for single-phase and three-phase voltage controlled by a non-linear controller. For this purpose, a comparison has been made between the controller performance and the PI controller. In the first step, there is a backstepping regulator that uses the stability tool next to the Lyapunov function. And the other regulator operates according to the PI method. The performance of these two regulators is simulated during a change in reference or a load change in MATLAB. Also, a method of feedback voltage control based on the Lyapunov theory for controlling of the distributed generation (DG) unit independent inverter is presented. The proposed controller is not only simple, but also against the sudden changes in load and the unspecified system is resistant.
In this paper, a new approach is proposed for keeping the RMS voltage output constant, the system is supplying by a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by a controlled DC motor with variable speed and load. The scheme used in this paper is based on a classical Proportional-Integral regulator wich controls a SPWM switching. A MATLAB Simulink model of the system is developed to maintain the AC voltage at the desired value. Then a comparison is examined between simulation and experimental results using dSPACE board. The results are provided to verify the effectiveness of this approach and it gives very high performance.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
Similar to Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based on STATCOM for wind power application (20)
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based… (Ahmed J. Ali)
5571
the inability to regulate the frequency and voltage during severe changes of load [4-6]. Static var
compensation is another method used to regulate the terminal voltage of SEIG. It is consisting of a fixed
capacitor with power electronic switches-controlled inductor, but low order harmonic current components
generated due to switching in addition to big weight and size [7, 8]. Static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM) is another method had been used with SEIG by providing a continuous adjustable reactive
power to maintain a constant terminal voltage. This type of compensation exhibits a better dynamic behavior,
which enhances the voltage regulation of the system [9, 10]. Several researchers in recent years have presented
many techniques aimed at SEIG. These techniques include the use of SVC with a fuzzy controller [11].
The bank of capacitors and a variable inductor with a fuzzy controller [12], the Electrochemical Battery is
used as an energy storage system (ESS) [13]. In this paper, a balanced and unbalanced three-phase R-L load
have supplied by a 3-Ф SEIG in which deformation and reduction of the generated voltages and currents in
addition to side-band harmonics are injected in the system. To compensate these effects a STATCOM has
been connected to the induction generator to produce the required reactive power and removes the effects of
harmonics. In case of an increase or decrease in the applied load the motor speed of SEIG will accelerate or
decelerate which leads to change the value of voltage and it is frequency. A neural network with a fuzzy
system based static synchronous compensator with two inputs and one output has been effectively used to
regulate the SEIG generated.
A self-exited induction generar (SEIG) in D-Q model with an excitation capacitance on the stator
terminals of the generator. The general form of voltage equations sets that can be used to explain the dynamic
model of the SEIG will be stated as follows [14]:
The voltage equations of the stator region are given by:
𝑣 𝐷𝑠 = 𝑅 𝑠 𝑖 𝐷𝑠 + 𝑘𝜆 𝐷𝑠 (1)
𝑣 𝑄𝑠 = 𝑅 𝑠 𝑖 𝑄𝑠 + 𝑘𝜆 𝑄𝑠 (2)
where vDs and vQs are the D and Q stator voltages, Rs is the resistance of the stator winding, iDs and iQs are
the D and Q stator currents, k is a differential operator, λDs and λQs are the linkage magnetic flux of the stator
in D-Q axes.
The voltage equations of the rotor region are given by:
𝑣 𝐷𝑟 = 𝑅 𝑟 𝑖 𝐷𝑟 + 𝑘𝜆 𝐷𝑟 + 𝑤𝑟 𝜆 𝑄𝑟 (3)
𝑣 𝑄𝑟 = 𝑅 𝑟 𝑖 𝑄𝑟 + 𝑘𝜆 𝑄𝑟 − 𝑤𝑟 𝜆 𝐷𝑟 (4)
where vDr and vQr are the D and Q rotor voltages, Rr is the resistance of the rotor bars, iDr and iQr are the D and
Q stator currents, k is a differential operator, λDr and λQr are the linkage magnetic flux of the rotor in D-Q
axes, wr is the relative speed of the rotor [15]. The expression for electromagnetic torque in terms of
the stationary reference variables can be expressed as:
𝑇𝑑 = 1.5
𝑝
2
(𝜆 𝐷𝑠. 𝑖 𝑄𝑠 − 𝜆 𝑄𝑠. 𝑖 𝐷𝑠) (5)
The rotor speed is defined by:
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
𝜃𝑟 =
1
𝐽
𝑝
2
(𝑇𝑒𝑚 − 𝑇𝐿) (6)
where, θr is the angular position of the rotor, J is the effective inertia of the wind turbine and the induction
generator. TL is the output torque of the wind turbine. The generated voltage of the SEIG can be obtained by
the following formulas [14, 1]:
𝑉𝑎 = −
1
𝐶 𝑎
∫ 𝑖 𝑐𝑎 (7)
𝑉𝑏 = −
1
𝐶 𝑏
∫ 𝑖 𝑐𝑏 (8)
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020 : 5570 - 5578
5572
𝑉𝑐 = −
1
𝐶𝑐
∫ 𝑖 𝑐𝑐 (9)
2. STATCOM MODEL AND CONTROL
The STATCOM injects almost sinusoidal voltage with variable amplitude. Voltage source inverter
(VSI) is the heart of STATCOM is with a D.C input voltage [16]. The fundamental configuration of
STATCOM with SEIG shown in Figure 1. Without energy in the DC side, the STATCOM output has two
components: quadrature component with the current of the line that emulates capacitive or inductive effect in
parallel for compensated line, the second component is in-phase with respect to the current of line, this for
cover the losses in the inverter. If the compensated voltage leads current in the line "capacitive reactance
emulated", in parallel with transmission system, and this will increase the flow of power, and when
"inductive reactance emulated" the, causing the current and flow of power through the line to decrease [17].
The controller can adjust rapidly both the magnitude and phase of injected compensating voltage.
The transmitted active power (P) and load voltage (V) become a parametric function of the compensated
voltage. Therefore, the transmittable power can increase or decrease by reversing the injected voltage
"the polarity". If the compensated voltage is made larger than the difference between sending and receiving end
systems (|Vcomp| > |Vs - Vr|) this will reverse the power flow. STATCOM has a response time of (sub-cycle)
and also the transition from positive power flow to reverse in the line is continuous and smooth [18].
A typical powers flow control using STATCOM is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1. Fundamental configuration of
STATCOM with SEIG
Figure 2. The power exchange between STATCOM and
the ac system
3. MEASURING LOAD VOLTAGE AND ACTIVE POWER
In order to measure the load voltage and active power, the DQ theory is used in this paper.
D-q theory is valid for operating in transient and steady-state, based on time-domain, and also can be used in
different waveforms of voltage and current in the power system. The main advantage of this theory is
the simplicity calculations, that involve "algebraic calculation" and the ability to separate the alternated and mean
values of the power components [19]. The DQ-theory represented by a “park transformation” of a "stationary
coordinates" of the reference system to "rotating coordinates" [20]. The theory applied for the time frame "i.e.
va, vb and vc" is as follows:
[
𝑣 𝑑
𝑣𝑞
𝑣0
] =
2
3
[
cos(∅) cos( ∅ −
2𝜋
3
) cos(∅ +
2𝜋
3
)
−sin(∅) −sin(∅ −
2𝜋
3
) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(∅ +
2𝜋
3
)
1
2
1
2
1
2 ]
[
𝑣 𝑎
𝑣 𝑏
𝑣𝑐
] (10)
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based… (Ahmed J. Ali)
5573
[
𝑖 𝑑
𝑖 𝑞
𝑖0
]=
2
3
[
cos(∅) cos( ∅ −
2𝜋
3
) cos(∅ +
2𝜋
3
)
−sin(∅) −sin(∅ −
2𝜋
3
) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(∅ +
2𝜋
3
)
1
2
1
2
1
2 ]
[
𝑖 𝑎
𝑖 𝑏
𝑖 𝑐
] (11)
∅ = (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) (12)
where ϕ is the phase shift between the fixed and rotating coordinate and θ represents the angle of the voltage.
From (1) and (2), the power and load voltage compensated find by:
𝑝 = 𝑉𝑑 𝐼 𝑑 + 𝑉𝑞 𝐼𝑞 (13)
𝑉 = √𝑉𝑑
2
+ 𝑉𝑞
2 (14)
4. STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME
The control system is shown in Figure 3. The active power and load voltage are calculated
depending on the line voltages and currents and. The P and V vectors as a feedback input to the closed loop
system. The reference Pref and Vref are compared with the P and V respectively for generating output signals
(Erorrp) and (Erorrv) as:
𝐸𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑃 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑃 (15)
𝐸𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑉 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉 (16)
The phase angle of the injected voltage can be adjusted to make the compensation either in capacitive mode
or inductive mode by change the sign of the signal.
𝛿 = ∅ ± 𝛾 (17)
Where γ can be adjusted in capacitive/inductive mode operations depending on the sign of the Error in (8).
Figure 3. STATCOM control diagram
5. CONTROLLER DESIGN
Fuzzy logic is suitable for uncertain systems, that systems mathematical model is difficult for
deriving [15, 21]. In this study, "Takagi-Sugeno (TS)" is selected. In addition, the artificial neural network
(ANN) is used for tuning the membership functions of the fuzzy controller [22-24]. The objective of
the learning algorithm is to adjust the parameters of the input and output membership functions so that
the Neuro-Fuzzy output matching the training data better than other types [25, 26]. In this study, the input is
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020 : 5570 - 5578
5574
divided into 7 "trapezoidal membership functions" that 50% "overlapping". Thus, for 2-inputs, 49-control
rule as shown in Figure 4. For tuning the Fuzzy rules by Neuro-Fuzzy, two groups of data are to be used.
The input data is a vector of the Errorp, Errorv and the output (m), which is the modulation index. Figure 5 shows
the validation test.
Figure 4. Fuzzy control scheme
Figure 5. Fuzzy logic validation tests
The output surface of control designed is shown in Figure 6. This procedure is performed using GUI
of Neuro-Fuzzy file included in the MATLAB/Toolbox. The designed controller has small in computation
compared to fuzzy controller's "mamdani type". The selected system consists of single machine infinite bus bar.
Figure 6. Control surface of STATCOM-based Neuro-fuzzy controller
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based… (Ahmed J. Ali)
5575
6. SIMULATION OF SEIG WITH STATCOM
The designed power system of SEIG with STATCOM controller has been simulated using
MATLAB/Simulink. Figure 7 shows the system is simulated for investigating the STATCOM performance
and the intelligent controller under changing the load. The system consists of SEIG with three phase
inductive load. STATCOM is energized with a DC-link source that helps to absorb or feed the real
or reactive power to or from the transmission line. The load voltage for a step-change in the load at
time = 1.5 sec., the change with/without STATCOM are shown in Figure 8. The load current before and after
compensator is shown in Figure 9. Figure 10 shows the frequency before/after compensation. Figure 11
shows the THD of the load voltage after the injected voltage of STATCOM. Results illustrate the capability
of the STATCOM to compensate for the reactive power flow and then controlled the line current. The step
changes response to the system reference signals is used for testing the performance of the controller.
Figure 9 shows the compensated voltage with two-step values of injected voltage in capacitive mode
(the injected voltage lag the line current). This will change in the line current above the reference values and
the active power. Figure 10 shows the response to the line current step change in the capacitive mode
(forward mode). The simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the controller in optimizing
the performance of STATCOM. In addition, the results prove that the proposed controller can improve
the voltage profile and transient stability of the test system more efficiently than the conventional PI controller.
Figure 7. System model for simulation
Figure 8. The load voltage
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020 : 5570 - 5578
5576
Figure 9. The line current before and after compensator
Figure 10. The line frequency before/after compensation
Figure 11. The THD of the load voltage after injection
8. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Performance investigation of stand-alone induction generator based… (Ahmed J. Ali)
5577
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, STATCOM based on the Neuro-Fuzzy controller with SEIG is presented. The rules
defined by training the error signals for real and reactive powers to initiate the tuning process. By using
Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic system, the small response time has obtained for the controller. The controller has
been tested successfully for controlling reactive power and the line current flow in the transmission. The results
show that the proposed controller "Neuro-Fuzzy" can give adequate performance for the STATCOM operation.
The proposed method more accurate fast in response and flexible compared with the classical PI controller.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Zhang and T. Haugland, "System design and implementation of induction generators self-excited by capacitors
for maritime diesel electric propulsion systems," IEEE 13th International Conference on Power Electronics and
Drive Systems (PEDS), pp. 1-6, 2019.
[2] M. G. B. Borja, S. Lescano and J. E. Luyo, "Dynamic behavior analysis of the three-phase self-excited induction
generator during electricity generation with variable energy sources," IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical,
Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), pp. 1-5, 2019.
[3] Kumar, Y. K. Chauhan and A. Shrivastava, "Design, Modeling and Performance of Static Synchronous Series
Compensator Regulated Self-excited induction generator," 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments
in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), pp. 519-525, 2019.
[4] Saha and S. N. Mahato, "Power Quality Improvement of a Self-Excited Induction Generator Using NFPI Controller
Based Hybrid STATCOM System," IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control,
Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS), pp. 1-4, 2019.
[5] Ahmed, Firas Saaduldeen, Ali Nasser Hussain, and Ahmed Jadaan Ali, "Power quality improvement by using
multiple sources of PV and battery for DSTATCOM based on coordinated design," In IOP Conference Series
Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 745, pp. 1-18, 2020.
[6] H. Esmaeilian, E. Mohammadi, R. Fadaeinedjad, A. Bakhshai and M. Rahnama, "Design methodology to optimise
induction machines based stand-alone electrical wind water pumping systems," IET Electric Power Applications,
vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 2058-2069, 2019.
[7] L. Wang, et al., "Design of Three Single-phase Power-Factor-Correction Boost Converters Joined with
a Controllable Singe-phase Inverter for a Self-excited Induction Generator," IEEE Industry Applications Society
Annual Meeting, pp. 1-9, 2019.
[8] M. Mokhtari, et al, "Voltage Stability Improvement of an Asynchronous Wind Turbine using Static Var
Compensator with Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller," 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Conference (IRSEC), pp. 1-6, 2018.
[9] B. Singh, S. S. Murthy and R. S. R. Chilipi, "STATCOM-Based Controller for a Three-Phase SEIG Feeding
Single-Phase Loads," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 320-331, 2014.
[10] V. Ponananthi and B. R. Kumar, "Three-phase statcom controller using D-Q frame theory for a three-phase SEIG
feeding single phase loads," 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS),
pp. 926-931, 2015.
[11] M. Taoufik and S. Lassad, "Experimental stand-alone self-excited induction generator driven by a diesel motor,”
Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 377-386, 2017.
[12] M. Taoufik, B. Abdelhamid and S. Lassad, "Stand-alone self-excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine,”
Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 2, pp 781-786, 2018
[13] N. N. Nasser and M. E. A. Farrag, "Operation of stand-alone self-excited induction generator supported by energy
storage systems for small scale wind energy generation," 52nd International Universities Power Engineering
Conference (UPEC), pp. 1-5, 2017.
[14] Bo Yang, G. Zeng, Y. Zhong and Z. Su, "Cascade STATCOM step wave optimization based on PSO,"
IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition, pp. 1445-1450, 2014.
[15] G. Venkata and K. Amaresh, "Optimal Power Flow with TCSC using Genetic Algorithm," IEEE International
Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), pp 1-6, 2012.
[16] R. Vanitilaand and M. Sudhakaran, "Differential Evolution algorithm based Weighted Additive FGA approach for
optimal power flow using muti-type FACTS devices," Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy
Management conference (ICETEEEM), pp. 198-204, 2012.
[17] Liu Qing and Wang Zengzing, "Coordinated design of multiple FACTS controllers based on fuzzy immune co-
evolutionary Algorithm," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-6, 2009.
[18] S. Panda, and N. P. Padhy, “Comparison of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for FACTS-based
controller design,” Appl. Soft Compute., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1418-1427, 2008.
[19] Anulal A. M., Archana Mohan and Lathika B. S., "Reactive power compensation of wind-diesel hybrid ystem using
STATCOM with Fuzzy tuned and ANFIS tuned PID controllers," IEEE Conference International Conference on
Control Communication & Computing India (ICCC), pp. 325-330, 2015.
[20] G.Farivar, B. Hredzak and Vassilios G. Agelidis, "Decoupled Control System for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel
Converter Based STATCOM," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 322-331, 2016.
[21] Ali, A. J., Farej, Z., and Sultan, N., "Performance evaluation of a hybrid fuzzy logic controller based on genetic
algorithm for three phase induction motor drive," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
(IJPEDS), vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 117-127, 2019.
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020 : 5570 - 5578
5578
[22] V. Ponananthi and B. Rajesh Kumar, "Three-phase statcom controller using D-Q frame theory for a three-phase
SEIG feeding single phase loads," IEEE Conference, 2nd International Conference Electronics and
Communication Systems (ICECS), pp. 926-931, 2015.
[23] Mohammed Y. Suliman and Sameer Sadoon Al-Juboori, "Design of Fast Real Time Controller for the Dynamic
Voltage Restorer Based on Instantaneous Power Theory," International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering,
vol. 5, no. 2-1, pp. 1-6, 2016.
[24] Zozan Saadallah Hussain; Ali, Ahmed J; Allu, Ahmed A; Rakan Khalil Antar, "Improvement of protection relay
with a single phase autore-closing mechanism based on artificial neural network," International Journal of Power
Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 505-514, 2020.
[25] Mohammed Y. Suliman, M. E. Farrag and S. M. Bashi, "Design of Fast Real Time Controller for the SSSC Based
on Tanagi-Sugeno (TS) Ataptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control System," International Conference on Renewable Energy
and Power Quality, pp. 1025-1030, 2014.
[26] S. Sumathi and Bansilal, "Artificial neural network application for voltage control and power flow control in power
systems with UPFC," IEEE International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and
Technology (ICERECT), pp 403-407, 2015.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Ahmed J. is a lecturer at Dep. of power engineering technology/ Engineering Technical
College/Mosul. He has completed BSc and MSc from Al-Thechnologia Unversity, Baghdad in
1995 and 2004 respectively in Electrical Engineering. He has finished his Ph.D. in Electrical
Machines from university of Mosul in 2012. He has been Bunsvuer Univesity, Germany in
Research Scholarship for 6 months during his Ph.D. studying period. His filed of work concentrate
on Adaptive and Intelgent control Systems, Electric machines Designe and Drives. Now he is
Head Dep. of Power Engineering Technology at Engineering Technical College, Mosul, Iraq.
Mohammed Y. Suliman received his B.Sc, M.Sc. and Ph. D. degrees from University of Mosul,
Iraq in 1995, 1998 and 2014, respectively. Currently, he is an Assistance Professor, in the
Technical College, Northern Technical University. His research interests, include power system
assessment, Power Electronics, FACTS, Renewable energy.
Nashwan S. Sultan. B.Sc in Power Technical Engineering, Northern Technical University in 2008
with grade very Good with woner degree. MSc in Electrical Engineering, Control Engineering
from Electrical Eng. Dept., College of Engineering, University of Mosul in 2013 with grade very
Good. Currently he is an Assisting Lecturer at the Department Power Technical Engineering,
Engineering Technical College, Mosul, Iraq.
Laith A. Khalaf is a lecture at department of Power Engineering Techniques, Engineering
Technical College, Mosul, Northern Technical University. He has completed B.Sc.and M.Sc.
degree from Al-Thechnologia University, Baghdad In 1995 and 2001 respectively in
Electrical engineering department Power & Machines. His filed of work concentrate on Adaptive
and Intelligent pwer electronics Electric machines Design and Drives. Now he is a Lecturer at
Power Engineering Techniques department, Technical Engineering College, Mosul, Iraq.