Perfect tense
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The document discusses the formation of the perfect tense in Latin verbs. It explains that the stem for the perfect tense comes from the third principal part of the verb, with the final "i" removed. This stem is then combined with standard perfect endings to form the perfect tense of any Latin verb. The perfect tense in English translates to actions completed in the past, such as "I have loved", "I did love", or "I loved". All Latin verbs form their perfect tense using the same process of taking the third principal part and adding the appropriate ending.
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The document discusses how to form the pluperfect tense in Latin. It is a 3 step process: 1) find the perfect stem by removing the -i from the third principal verb part, 2) add "era" to the perfect stem, 3) add the personal endings used in the imperfect tense. It provides examples of forming the pluperfect of amo, duco, moneo, capio, sum and possum and notes that the pluperfect is always translated to English using the word "had".
Chapter 17 Pluperfect Tense
The pluperfect tense in Latin is formed in 3 steps: 1) Find the perfect stem by removing the "-i" from the 3rd principal verb part. 2) Add "era" to the perfect stem. 3) Add the personal endings used in the imperfect tense. The pluperfect is always translated to English using the word "had", such as "amaveram" meaning "I had loved". Even irregular verbs like "sum" and "possum" follow these steps to form the pluperfect.
Chapter 17 pluperfect tense
The pluperfect tense in Latin is formed in 3 steps: 1) Find the perfect stem by removing the "-i" from the 3rd principal verb part. 2) Add "era" to the perfect stem. 3) Add the personal endings used in the imperfect tense. The pluperfect is always translated to English using the word "had", such as "amaveram" meaning "I had loved". Even irregular verbs like "sum" and "possum" follow this formation pattern to create their pluperfect forms.
Chapter 17 Future Perfect Tense
The document discusses how to form the future perfect tense in Latin. It is formed in three steps: 1) find the perfect stem by removing the -i from the third principal part, 2) add "eri" to the perfect stem, and 3) add the personal endings. It provides examples of conjugating regular verbs like amo and irregular verbs like sum and possum in the future perfect. The future perfect is always translated to English using "will have".
Chapter 17 Future Perfect Tense
The document discusses how to form the future perfect tense in Latin. It is formed in three steps: 1) find the perfect stem by removing the -i from the third principal part, 2) add "eri" to the perfect stem, and 3) add the personal endings. It provides examples of conjugating regular verbs like amo and duco in the future perfect. It also notes that the future perfect is always translated to English using "will have" and gives examples of translating conjugated verbs into English. Finally, it states that while sum and possum are irregular, their future perfect forms are still regular.
Chapter 17 future perfect tense
The document discusses how to form the future perfect tense in Latin. It is formed in three steps: 1) find the perfect stem by removing the -i from the third principal part, 2) add "eri" to the perfect stem, and 3) add the personal endings. It provides examples of conjugating regular verbs like amo and duco in the future perfect. It also notes that the future perfect is always translated to English using "will have" and gives examples of translating sample conjugations. Finally, it states that while sum and possum are irregular, their future perfect forms follow the typical pattern.
Estructura gramatical
The document provides an overview of key aspects of English grammar, including nouns, articles, adjectives, verbs, and differences from Spanish grammar. It notes that English nouns do not have gender and the name does not make distinctions of case. It describes rules for pluralization of nouns and use of definite and indefinite articles in English. It also summarizes verb tenses including present, past, future, and conditional, and covers irregular verbs, infinitives, prepositional verbs, and conjugation of present tense verbs. Finally, it outlines several differences between English and Spanish grammar regarding nouns, adjectives, possessive constructions, word order, and punctuation/capitalization.
4 the present tense of regular ar verbs
The document discusses the basic parts of Spanish verbs in the present tense. It explains that verbs have an infinitive form, ending, and stem. The infinitive is the basic unconjugated form ending in "ar", "er", or "ir". Removing the last two letters leaves the stem. Regular -ar verbs are then conjugated by adding endings to the stem according to subject pronouns like yo, tú, él/ella. Examples like "hablar" are provided to demonstrate how the stem and emphasis change in each conjugation.
Stress
Stress in linguistics refers to giving extra force to certain syllables when speaking. In English, some syllables are pronounced with greater force and are considered stressed. The level of stress can be primary, secondary, or unstressed. Primary stress is given to the most prominent syllable, while secondary stress is weaker. Some words have variable stress that changes depending on whether the word is by itself or in a sentence. The placement of stress helps determine meaning and the structure of sentences.
Stress, rhythm and intonation
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content covered in the Phonetics 290B course. The first module focuses on the vocal features of stress, rhythm, and intonation. Students will practice and analyze how these features can change the meaning of words and sentences. They will also compare the use of these features between English and Spanish. The goal is for students to understand the importance of stress, rhythm, and intonation in acquiring good pronunciation in English.
Stress, rhythm and intonation
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content covered in the Phonetics 290B course. The first module focuses on the vocal features of stress, rhythm, and intonation. Students will practice and analyze how these features can change the meaning of words and sentences. They will also compare the use of these features between English and Spanish. The goal is for students to understand the importance of stress, rhythm, and intonation in acquiring good pronunciation in English.
Stress, rhythm and intonation
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content covered in the Phonetics 290B course. The first module focuses on the vocal features of stress, rhythm, and intonation. Students will practice and analyze how these features can change the meaning of words and sentences. They will also compare the use of these features between English and Spanish. The goal is for students to understand the importance of stress, rhythm, and intonation in acquiring good pronunciation in English.
Stress, rhythm and intonation
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content covered in the Phonetics 290B course. The first module focuses on the vocal features of stress, rhythm, and intonation. Students will practice and analyze how these features can change the meaning of words and sentences. They will also compare the use of these features between English and Spanish. The goal is for students to understand the importance of stress, rhythm, and intonation in acquiring good pronunciation in English.
Pronunciation Lesson 2 Connected Speech and Mimicry.pptx.pdf
This document provides pronunciation lessons on connected speech, weak forms, intrusion, and linking words in English. It discusses how connected speech aims for ease and efficiency of tongue movement, how weak forms reduce unstressed words, and how intrusion sounds like /j/ and /w/ are added between words starting with vowels. It also emphasizes the importance of mimicking native speakers' pronunciation of words, phrases, stress and intonation for accurate pronunciation skills.
English grammar. Maria Fernanda Villarreal
English grammar, characteristics, different English grammars and comparison between English and Spanish grammar
Spa stemchanging verbs
This document provides information about Spanish stem-changing verbs. It explains that stem-changing verbs change the spelling of the stem in certain conjugations, unlike regular verbs which do not change the stem. It identifies two types of stem-changing verbs - those where the stem changes from e to ie, and those where it changes from e to i. The document concludes by encouraging practice of verb conjugations and providing a link to a conjugation practice website.
Participles
There are three types of participles in English: present, past, and perfect. The present participle ends in "-ing" and is used in progressive tenses, adjectives, and gerunds. The past participle is used in perfect tenses and the passive voice. Both the present and past participles can be used to shorten sentences by combining clauses with the same subject. The perfect participle combines clauses where one action is completed before another starts. Participles are useful for combining information concisely in writing.
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Pronunciation Lesson 2 Connected Speech and Mimicry.pptx.pdf
Pronunciation Lesson 2 Connected Speech and Mimicry.pptx.pdf
Perfect tense
- 2. LATIN I
- 3. LATIN I
- 4. LATIN I
- 5. The Perfect Tense The stem for the perfect tense comes from the 3rd principal part of the verb. You will find this principal part listed in your dictionary.
- 6. amo, amare, amavi Cut off the final “i” and you have the perfect stem. This is true for any verb in the Latin language.
- 7. Translation of the perfect tense in English: I have loved I did love I loved Action completed in the past and so it is “perfect”.
- 8. Formation of the Perfect Tense amo, amare, amavi Singular Plural 1st amav –i amav -imus 2nd amav -isti amav -istis 3rd amav -it amav -erunt
- 9. All verbs, regardless of conjugation or regularity form their perfect the same as amo. Perfect stem +perf. endings = perfect amav + -erunt = amaverunt=they loved
- 10. The 3rd principal part of the verb must be memorized in order to form the perfect tenses. There are 3 principal parts of the verb listed with every verb.