The document discusses 12 perceptual components that contribute to occupational performance including kinesthesia, pain response, body scheme, stereognosis, and depth perception. Each component is defined and examples are provided to illustrate how deficits could impact functional activities. Potential examination questions are also listed relating to understanding and differentiating the various perceptual components.

2. OCCUPATIONAL
PERFORMANCE COMPONENT
(PERCEPTUAL)
Shamima Akter
B. Sc (Honours) in Occupational Therapy
& M. Sc in Rehabilitation Science
Assistant Professor,
Department of Occupational Therapy
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute (BHPI)
Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP)
Chapain, Savar

3. Perceptual components
1. Kinesthesia
2. Pain response
3. Body scheme
4. Stereognosis
5. Form constancy
6. Visual closure
7. Figure g round
8. Right-Left discrimination
9. Spatial relations
10.Position in space
11.Topographical orientation
12.Depth perception
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4. KINESTHESIA
Identifying movement and the direction of joint
movement.
 Keep your hand on your head.
 Keep your hand on your nose.
 Move your hand on your back.
 Keep your right hand on your left leg.
 Turn your head backwards
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6. Functional problem
 Unable to take a book from the self.
 Unable to clean head using shampoo.
 Unable to clean back.
 Difficulty to walking in muddy area.
 Difficulty in wheelchair transferring.
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7. Proprioception Kinesthesia
Interpreting stimuli originating in
muscles, joints, and other
internal tissues that give
information about the position
of one body part in relation to
another.
Identifying movement and the
direction of joint movement
Joint position sense Joint movement sense
Proprioceptors are sensors in our
joints, muscles, and fascia,
providing information needed to
produce coordinated movement.
Kinesthetic awareness refers to
our ability to navigate space
and the awareness of how we
move.
Walking— is a kinesthetic experience based on proprioception,
which provides the awareness of our joints and body in space.
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8. PAIN RESPONSE
Interpreting noxious stimuli.
Unpleasant feeling indicating potential or actual
damage to some body structure; sensations of
generalized or localized pain (e.g., diffuse, dull, sharp,
phantom)
 Feeling headache.
 Feeling pain of biting by a bee.
 Feeling back pain.
 Feeling pain of slap.
 Feeling pain of poke by someone.
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10. Functional problem
Difficulty in taking sleep and rest.
Difficulty in traveling around forest.
Difficulty in cooking.
Riding wheelchair unsafe.
Playing cricket unsafe.
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11. BODY SCHEME
Acquiring an internal awareness of the body
scheme and the relationship of body parts to
each other.
My toe is below of my leg.
My finger is attach with wrist.
My nose is into both cheek.
 My both eye are under my forehead.
My teeth is covered by lips.
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13. Functional Problem
Difficulty in wearing a ring.
Difficulty to put eye shadow on eyelids.
Difficulty in wearing a t-shirt.
Difficulty in soaping and rinsing during
bathing.
Difficulty in brushing teeth.
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14. STEREOGNOSIS
Identifying objects through proprioception,
cognition, and the sense of touch.
Bring moneybag from pant’s back pocket
Take out a pencil cutter from box
Combing hair
Understanding a coin by touch without
seeing.
Wearing ear ring
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16. Functional problem
Difficulty to bring moneybag from pant’s
back pocket
Difficulty to take out a pencil cutter from box
Difficulty to comb hair
Difficulty to understand a coin by touch
without seeing.
Difficult to wear ear ring
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17. FORM CONSTANCY
Recognizing forms and objects as the same in
various environments, positions, and sizes.
This is a football and this is a cricket ball.
My purse is small shape and your purse is
large shape.
This is a table fan and this is a large fan.
My mobile is small size and yours is large size.
This is a mini bus and this is a big bus.
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19. Functional problem
Difficult to determine the difference between a
football and this is a cricket ball.
Difficult to differentiate one’s purse and other’s
purse.
Difficult to differentiate among different size of
fan.
Difficult to choice from different mobile phone
during buying.
Difficult to differentiate among a mini bus and
this is a big bus.
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20. VISUAL CLOSURE
Identifying forms or objects from incomplete
presentations
Identifying a pen by seeing the tip of it.
Identifying a mobile phone by seeing its
button.
Identifying a tree by seeing its leaf.
Recognize a bottle by seeing the bottom of it.
Understanding a paper by seeing its one
corner
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22. Functional problem
Difficult to identify a pen by seeing the tip of it.
Difficult to identify a mobile phone by seeing
its button.
Difficult to identify a tree by seeing its leaf.
Difficult to recognize a bottle by seeing the
bottom of it.
Difficult to understand a paper by seeing its
one corner
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23. FIGURE GROUND
Differentiating between foreground and
background forms and objects.
Writing on a white board.
Reading name from name plate
Reading book
Watching subtitle
Eating rice from plate
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26. Functional Problem
 Unable to find object in cluttered drawer
 Unable to find white washcloth on white bed
sheet
 Unable to find brakes on wheelchair
 Unable to find food from refrigerator
 Unable to write on whiteboard
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27. RIGHT-LEFT DISCRIMINATION
Differentiating one side from another.
I eat by my right hand.
I write by my left hand.
I kick a football by my left foot.
I wear a bracelet in my left hand.
Wearing a ring in the middle finger of left
hand.
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29. Functional problem
 Difficulty moving through a crowded area
 Difficulty with dressing
 Difficulty following directions using these items
 Transfer unsafe
 Driving a car unsafe
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30. SPATIAL RELATIONS
Determining the position of objects relative
to each other.
The bed is beside the table.
The table is beside the bookshelf.
The chair is in front of the table.
The mobile is in the mobile box.
The pen is in the drawer.
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33. Functional problem
 Difficulty moving through a crowded area
 Difficulty with dressing
 Difficulty following directions using these
items
 Transfer unsafe
 Driving unsafe
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34. POSITION IN SPACE
Determining the spatial relationship of
figures and objects to self or others forms
and objects.
Driving car
Riding horse
Passing a busy road
Travelling around the world
Playing cricket
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36. Spatial Relationship Position in Space
Spatial Relations is the ability to
perceive two or more object’s
position in space relative to oneself
and in relation to each other.
Spatial Relations involves the ability
to understand directions, reversals,
and identify left and right on one’s
own body.
A child with visual spatial problems
may have difficulty with:
Interpreting instructions. E.g. write
your name at the top of the page
Position in Space is the ability to
perceive an object’s position in
space relative to oneself and the
direction in which it is turned (for
example: up, down, in front, behind,
between, left, right).
d/b/p f/t/j s/z n/m
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37. Functional problem
 Difficulty moving through a crowded area
 Difficulty with dressing
 Difficulty following directions using these
items
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38. TOPOGRAPHICAL ORIENTATION
Determining the location of objects and
settings and the route of the location.
Go straight to the kitchen from
bedroom.
Go to the house from field.
Go to the hospital by right side.
Go to the bazaar by rickshaw using right
and left side of the road.
 Go to the dining room from kitchen.
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40. Functional Problem
 Difficulty to finding the way to a room, to
therapy, or from one room to another.
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41. DEPTH PERCEPTION
Determining the relative distance between
objects, figures, or landmarks and the
observer, and changes in planes of surface.
Pouring milk into a container.
Pouring water into a bottle.
Jumping into a hole.
Climbing stair in a dark place.
Swimming in a river.
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43. Functional problem
Difficulty in pouring milk into a
container.
Difficulty in pouring water into a bottle.
Difficulty in jumping into a hole.
Difficulty in climbing stair in a dark
place.
Difficulty in swimming in a river.
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44. Does it make sense?
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More you ask, more you learn!
Have a great preparation for
examination

45. Possible Examination Question
• How many perceptual component human have-
describe.
• What do you understand by movement position
sense- describe with example?
• How does human differentiate from foreground
and background sound- describe.
• How does human interpret relative distance-
describe?
• Differentiate between position in space, spatial
relationship and topographical organization.